BS 3618-8-1974 Glossary of mining terms - Winning and working《采掘术语 第8部分 采掘和操作》.pdf

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1、BRITISH STANDARD BS 3618-8: 1974 Glossary of Mining terms Section 8: Winning and working UDC 001.4:622BS3618-8:1974 This British Standard, having been approved by the Mining andQuarrying Requisites Industry Standards Committee,was published underthe authority of the Executive Board on 30 September 1

2、974 BSI 12-1999 First published August 1967 First revision September 1974 The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard: Committee reference MQE/17 Draft for approval 74/40383 ISBN 0 580 08137 0 Co-operating organizations The Mining and Quarrying Requisites Industry Standards Comm

3、ittee, under whose supervision this BritishStandard was prepared, consists of representatives from the following Government department and scientific and industrial organizations: Association of Mining Electrical and Mechanical Engineers* British Electrical and Allied Manufacturers Association Briti

4、sh Steel Industry Council of Underground Machinery Manufacturers Department of Trade and Industry* Engineering Equipment Users Association Institute of Quarrying Institution of Mechanical Engineers Institution of Mining Engineers* Mechanical Handling Engineers Association National Coal Board* The Go

5、vernment department and industrial organizations marked with an asterisk in the above list, together with the following, were directly represented on the committee entrusted with the preparation of this BritishStandard: Institution of Mining and Metallurgy University of Birmingham University of Lond

6、on University of Nottingham Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date of issue CommentsBS3618-8:1974 BSI 12-1999 i Contents Page Co-operating organizations Inside front cover Foreword ii Section 8. Winning and working 1BS3618-8:1974 ii BSI 12-1999 Foreword This glossary has been prepared, un

7、der the authority of the Mining and Quarrying Requisites Industry Standards Committee, in order to standardize and to co-ordinate the technical terms in current use in mining in theUnitedKingdom. Although the majority of the terms defined in the original edition of this glossary were primarily conce

8、rned with coal mining, account has been taken of terms used in other forms of mining and of quarrying. The need for this glossary arose from the widely varying interpretation of terms used within the industry, and the prevalent use of more than one synonym, some purely local in origin, to indicate s

9、pecific meanings. The glossary has been issued in a number of sections, according to subject matter, as follows: Section1: Planning and surveying; Section2: Ventilation; Section3: Boring and exploration; Section4: Drainage; Section5: Geology; Section6: Drilling and blasting; Section7: Electrical eng

10、ineering and lighting; Section8: Winning and working; Section9: Shafts and associated equipment; Section10: Transport; Section11: Strata control. In the normal process of periodical review of the BS3618 publications it was seen that a number of modifications and additions were desirable to Section8

11、“Winning and working”; therefore, since the edition was dated1967, it was decided to publish a revision incorporating these changes. In compiling the glossary account has been taken of the fact that terms primarily associated with coal are separately defined in BS3323 “Glossary of coal terms”, and t

12、erms relating to coal preparation are defined in BS3552 “Glossary of terms used in coal preparation”. The following factors also have applied in the statement, selection and definition of terms: 1) Where two or more terms are grouped together, the term which is favoured is printed first and in heavy

13、 type. It is hoped that such preferred terms will gradually displace the non-preferred terms. The non-preferred terms of a group are printed in smaller type. Where the use of any term is considered to be undesirable it is marked deprecated. 2) Generally, only terms which have a specific meaning in t

14、his field have been included. Where a technical term has an accepted meaning in other fields of engineering it has been omitted; the few exceptions are terms which are of particular importance in mining. 3) Purely local terms are not defined, but those of sufficient importance are included as non-pr

15、eferred terms. 4) Obsolete terms are excluded.BS3618-8:1974 BSI 12-1999 iii A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confe

16、r immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pagesi to iv, pages1to19 and a back cover. This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on

17、the inside front cover.iv blankBS3618-8:1974 BSI 12-1999 1 Section 8. Winning and working Term Definition abandoned workings Workings from which the extraction of mineral has permanently ceased and which are closed or sealed off so that the roadways have ceased to form part of the transport, travell

18、ing, or ventilating system of the mine (cf. discontinued workings). activated plough dynamic plough impact plough percussive plough A coal getting plough having power operated cutting blades to which a vibratory or oscillating motion is imparted, to improve the cutting action. activated ramp plates

19、See shuttle plough. adit A rising road affording an entrance to a mine, driven from the surface and primarily intended to facilitate dewatering of the workings. advance heading A roadway in the seam, driven ahead of productive workings. advancing longwall face A long face with the access gate roads

20、lengthening with the advance of the face. advancing system A system of mining in which roads and faces are driven simultaneously, in the coal seam, normally to predetermined boundaries (cf. retreating system). anbauhobel attachment plough, deprecated insertion plough, deprecated A coal plough, the i

21、ndependent drive of which is attached to an armoured conveyor. anchor station A device (usually hydraulic) which prevents uncontrolled movement of the delivery or return end units of a conveyor. Anderton shearer loader See shearer loader. angle of attack The angle (lead or lag) which the horizontal

22、axis of the cutting element of a machine makes with the line of face. angle station The place at which the horizontal direction of travel of a conveyor is changed. arc-shearer universal arc-shearer A mobile cutter, used in driving headings, having a jib that can cut at any horizon and at any angle.

23、arc-wall cutter arc-waller, deprecated A mobile cutter, used principally for driving headings, having a long cutting jib which can be moved through an arc to make a horizontal cut across the face of the heading. arc-waller See arc-wall cutter. armoured flexible conveyor (a.f.c.) heavy armoured conve

24、yor panzer conveyor, deprecated A heavy duty chain conveyor designed to carry a coalcutter or power loader on the framework and capable of being continually snaked forward, section by section, as the face advances. attachment plough See anbauhobel. auger (coal) A machine which wins coal by the drill

25、ing of large diameter holes in the seam, and discharges the coal by way of a scroll. auto-percussive plough A type of activated plough, having moving blades which are set in motion automatically when resistance to the thrust they exert on the coal exceeds a predetermined value. backbye work backwork

26、 oncost work, deprecated Work done outbye the working face. back overman, deprecated A back shift overman. back ripping A place outbye the face at which a roadway is enlarged, usually by taking down the roof.BS3618-8:1974 2 BSI 12-1999 Term Definition backs a) Coal projecting from the line of face a

27、fter cutting and/or loading has been completed (obsolescent). b) See Section 5. Geology. back shift Normally, the afternoon shift. back shear A vertical cut made in the seam in advance of and parallel to the face line. backwork See backbye work. bank a) The area immediately surrounding the mouth of

28、a shaft (the colliery surface). bank b), deprecated benk, deprecated The coal face. bank to bank The period between the time a miner goes underground and the time he returns to the surface. bannock, deprecated To hole by hand at the top of a seam. bar A support set parallel to and in contact with th

29、e roof, or occasionally the floor. bare, deprecated To strip or cut by the side of a fault or boundary. barrier Strip of coal or other mineral left unworked in a mine either: a) for protection against flooding, explosion, fire, flammable or noxious gases, or any other danger; or b) along the boundar

30、y of a mineral royalty, between two mineral fields or between two mines. barrier pillars Pillars or strips of coal or other mineral, suitably dimensioned and disposed, left unworked for the purpose of dividing a seam or mine into separate working panels or districts. bate See dint. bench lift To wor

31、k coal or mineral in layers from the top downward. benk See bankb). bi-directional shearer (or bi-di shearer) A shearer loader arranged for cutting and loading coal in either direction of machine travel. bing See spoil heap. blast, deprecated Common term for compressed air. boom ripper A machine for

32、 cutting down a ripping by means of a rotating cutting head mounted on a fixed or telescopic hydraulically operated boom. bord A roadway driven in bord and pillar working, substantially at right angles to the main cleat of a coal seam. bord, working on See on bord. bord and pillar pillar and stall r

33、oom and pillar stoop and room, deprecated A system of mining in which roadways are driven in the solid coal (the first working) leaving pillars between them. The pillars may be left to support the roof, or later extracted in part or whole (the second working). bord face A longwall face advancing in

34、a direction substantially at right angles to the line of main cleat. bordways See on bord. bottom canch See dint a). bottom coal bottoms floor coal The lowest part of a seam, which may or may not be extracted.BS3618-8:1974 BSI 12-1999 3 Term Definition bottoms See bottom coal. boundary pillar A pill

35、ar of coal or of mineral left to mark the limit of working of a mine. brae See incline. break in To advance part of the working face on a narrow front. broken working See second working. brush a) See dint. b) See rip. c) See Section 2. Ventilation. bucket loader A self-propelled mechanical shovel fo

36、r loading mineral or rock. bump crump A sudden and heavy release of strain energy in the major body of rock surrounding a mine working, resulting in displacement of the strata. buttock In some longwall faces, a short step in the line of face, and substantially at right angles to it, from which coal

37、can be more conveniently worked. bye work See deadwork. cable carrier See cable handler. cable handler cable carrier Equipment fitted to a longwall face conveyor, and used with certain power loaders for handling moving cables and hoses. canch caunch That part of the roof of an underground roadway wh

38、ich has to be taken down (top canch), or of the floor to be taken up (bottom canch), in order to make height or grade the road. canopy a) A prefabricated structure used temporarily to give protection from falling rock. b) The roof member of a chock type powered support. caunch a) See canch. b) See d

39、int. caving The controlled collapsing of roof strata behind the supports of a working face. chap See sound. chargehand See chargeman. chargeman chargehand In coal mining, a working foreman or team leader who is not an official. chock A support which offers a high resistance to an area of roof which

40、is usually substantially greater than that supported by a prop. clean coal a) A coal seam free from dirt partings. b) Coal from which impurities have been separated. coalcutter cutter Any machine designed to cut coal, but more particularly the type which has a flat jib fitted with a chain and cutter

41、 picks. coal dust Fine coal which will pass through a BritishStandard test sieve of2504m aperture size. coal face See face. coal getter See collier. coal head The working place in a coal heading. coal plough plough A robust steel device, substantially of wedge shape, which is hauled along the face s

42、hearing a thin strip of coal from the seam and deflecting the strip on to the face conveyor.BS3618-8:1974 4 BSI 12-1999 Term Definition collier coal getter filler hewer stripper A person engaged in getting and filling coal on to a conveyor or into tubs and, where required, setting the necessary roof

43、 supports. colliery pit A coal mine. (See mine.) colliery consumption The part of the output of a colliery which is used on the colliery premises. continuous miner A machine used mainly for the continuous cutting and loading of coal or other mineral in mine entries or narrow places. continuous minin

44、g The uninterrupted performance of mineral getting on consecutive shifts, so arranged that each shift carries on the work of the previous shift irrespective of the point in the operations at which the previous shift ceased work. In mechanized coal winning, a method in which the getter-loader is prov

45、ided with continuity in clearance and support behind the machine. contraband Generally, smoking materials and the means of igniting them, which are prohibited in safety-lamp mines. conveyor creep The undesirable longitudinal movement of conveyor structure. conveyor track That part of a longwall face

46、 occupied by the face conveyor. cranked jib See swan-neck jib. cranked pick A cutter pick so designed that its head or blade is out of line with the shank. crop See outcrop (Section 5. Geology). crop coal Bottom coal inadvertently left between the undercut and the intended floor, and subsequently re

47、moved to maintain the true floor horizon. crosscut a) A short connection between adjacent roadways. b) In horizon mining, a road driven at right angles to the laterals. cross measures drift An underground roadway driven at an angle to the bedding planes of the strata. crump See bump. crut See stone

48、drift. cundy See Section 2. Ventilation. curved jib A cutter jib which is curved to give both a horizontal and a shear cut. cut a) To hew or to get mineral from the working face. b) To hole a seam by hand or by means of a cutting machine, to provide a free face. c) The holing made by hand or by the

49、jib of a cutter. d) See Section 6. Drilling and blasting. cutter See coalcutter. cutter chain cutting chain A heavy chain made up of a series of hinged links (holding detachable picks) which travels around the jib of a cutting machine. cutter jib jib A heavy rigid steel frame having a channel in which a cutter chain is constrained to travel.BS3618-8:1974 BSI 12-1999 5 Term Definition cutter loader getter loader A machine which cuts mineral from the face and loads it on to a conveyor. cutter pick cutting tool A replaceable cutting tool in a machine u