ASTM F2088-2003 Standard Consumer Safety Specification for Infant Swings《婴儿秋千的消费者安全标准规范》.pdf

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1、Designation: F 2088 03Standard Consumer Safety Specification forInfant Swings1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 2088; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parent

2、heses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONThis consumer safety specification addresses infant swing incidents identified by the U.S. ConsumerProduct Safety Commission (CPSC).In response to inc

3、ident data compiled by the CPSC, this consumer safety specification attempts tominimize the following: (1) swings tipping over or collapsing, (2) structural failures, and (3)entanglement in the restraints or entrapment in leg holes. This consumer safety specification isintended to cover normal use a

4、nd reasonably foreseeable misuse or abuse of infant swings. Thisspecification does not cover swings that are blatantly misused or used in a careless manner thatdisregards the safety instructions and warnings provided with each infant swing.This consumer safety specification is written within the cur

5、rent state-of-the-art of infant swingtechnology and will be updated whenever substantive information becomes available that necessitatesadditional requirements or justifies the revision of existing requirements.1. Scope1.1 This consumer safety specification establishes safetyperformance requirements

6、, test methods, and labeling require-ments to minimize the hazards to infants presented by swingsas identified in the introduction.1.2 This consumer safety specification is intended to mini-mize the risk of injuries to infants resulting from normal useand reasonably foreseeable misuse or abuse of in

7、fant swings. Itis not intended to address all incidents and injuries resultingfrom the interaction of other persons with the infant in theswing.1.3 No swing produced after the approval date of thisconsumer safety specification shall, either by label or othermeans, indicate compliance with this speci

8、fication unless itconforms to all requirements contained herein.1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas the standard. The SI values given in parentheses are forinformation only.1.5 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to thetest method portion, Section 7, of this c

9、onsumer safety speci-fication: This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations p

10、rior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 3359 Test Methods for Measuring Adhesion by Tape Test2.2 Federal Standards:16 CFR Part 1303 Ban of Lead-Containing Paint andCertain Consumer Products Bearing Lead-ContainingPaint316 CFR Part 1500 Hazardous Substances Act Regulationsincluding s

11、ections:1500.48Technical Requirements for Determining aSharp Point in Toys or Other Articles Intended for Use byChildren Under Eight Years of Age31500.49Technical Requirements for Determining aSharp Metal or Glass Edge in Toys or Other ArticlesIntended for Use by Children Under Eight Years of Age315

12、00.50-.51Test Method for Simulating Use and Abuseof Toys and Other Articles Intended for Use by Children316 CFR Part 1501 Method for Identifying Toys and OtherArticles Intended for Use by Children Under Three Yearsof Age Which Present Choking, Aspiration, or Ingestion1This consumer safety specificat

13、ion is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Commit-tee F15 on Consumer Products and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeF15.21 on Infant Carriers, Bouncers, and Baby Swings.Current edition approved March 10, 2003. Published April 2003. Originallyapproved in 2001. Last previous edition approved in

14、2001 as F 208801.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from U.S. Government Printing Off

15、ice Superintendent of Documents,732 N. Capitol St., NW, Mail Stop: SDE, Washington, DC 20401.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.Hazards Because of Small Parts32.3 Other Documents:CAMI Infant Dummy, Mark II (see Fig. 1)4C

16、AMI Newborn Dummy (see Fig. 2)53. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 conspicuousa label which is visible, when the unit isin a manufacturers recommended use position, to a personstanding near the unit at any one position around the infantswing but not necessarily vis

17、ible from all positions.3.1.2 cradle swingan infant swing which is intended foruse by a child lying flat.3.1.3 dynamic loadapplication of impulsive force throughfree fall of a weight.3.1.4 infant swinga stationary unit with a frame andpowered mechanism that enables an infant to swing in a seatedposi

18、tion. An infant swing is intended for use with infants frombirth until a child is able to sit up unassisted.3.1.5 manufacturers recommended use positionany posi-tion, that is presented as a normal, allowable, or acceptableconfiguration for the use of the product by the manufacturer inany descriptive

19、 or instructional literature. This specificallyexcludes positions that the manufacturer shows in a likemanner in its literature to be unacceptable, unsafe, or notrecommended.3.1.6 non-paper labelany label material (such as plasticor metal) which either will not tear without the aid of tools ortears

20、leaving a sharply defined edge.3.1.7 occupantthat individual who is in a product that isset up in one of the manufacturers recommended use posi-tions.3.1.8 paper labelany label material which tears withoutthe aid of tools and leaves a fibrous edge.3.1.9 static loada vertically downward force applied

21、 by acalibrated force gage or by dead weights.3.1.10 structural componentany load bearing member orpart of the product that supports the weight or portion of theweight of the occupant.4. Calibration and Standardization4.1 All testing shall be conducted on a concrete floor thatmay be covered with18 i

22、n. (3 mm) thick vinyl floor covering,unless test instructs differently.4.2 The product shall be completely assembled, unlessotherwise noted, in accordance with the manufacturers in-structions.4.3 No testing shall be conducted within 48 h of manufac-turing.4.4 The product to be tested shall be in a r

23、oom with anambient temperature of 73 6 9F (23 6 5C) for at least 1hour prior to testing. Testing then shall be conducted withinthis temperature range.4.5 All testing required by this specification shall be con-ducted on the same unit.5. General Requirements5.1 Hazardous Sharp Edges or PointsThere sh

24、all be nohazardous sharp points or edges as defined by 16 CFR 1500.48and 16 CFR 1500.49 before and after testing to the consumersafety specification.5.2 Small PartsThere shall be no small parts as defined by16 CFR 1501 before testing or liberated as a result of thistesting to this specification.5.3

25、The paint and surface coating on the product shallcomply to 16 CFR 1303.5.4 Wood PartsPrior to testing, any exposed wood partsshall be smooth and free from splinters.4Department of Transportation Memorandum Report AAC-119-74-14, RevisionII, Drawing No. SA-1001 by Richard Chandler, July 2, 1974. Fede

26、ral AviationAdministration, Civil Aeromedical Institute, Protection and Survival Laboratory,Aeromedical Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73125.5Drawing numbers 126-0000 through 126-0015 (sheets 1 through 3), 126-0017through 126-0027, a parts list entitled “Parts List for CAMI Newborn Dummy”, anda construct

27、ion manual entitled, “Construction of the Newborn Infant Dummy” (July1992). Copies of the materials may be inspected at NHTSAs Docket Section, 400Seventh Street, SW., Room 5109, Washington, DC, or at the Office of the FederalRegister, 800 North Capitol Street, NW., suite 700, Washington, DC.FIG. 1 C

28、AMI Infant Dummy, Mark IIFIG. 2 CAMI Newborn DummyF20880325.5 Scissoring, Shearing, PinchingA product, when in themanufacturers recommended use position, shall be designedand constructed so as to prevent injury to the occupant fromany scissoring, shearing, or pinching when members or com-ponents rot

29、ate about a common axis or fastening point, slide,pivot, fold or otherwise move relative to one another. Scissor-ing, shearing, or pinching that may cause injury could existwhen the edges of any rigid parts admit a probe greater than0.210 in. (5.33 mm) and less than 0.375 in. (9.53 mm) diameterat an

30、y accessible point throughout the range of motion of suchparts.5.6 OpeningsHoles or slots that extend entirely though awall section of any rigid material less than 0.375-in. (9.53-mm)thick and admit a 0.210-in. (5.33-mm) diameter rod shall alsoadmit a 0.375-in. (9.53-mm) diameter rod. Holes or slots

31、 thatare between 0.210-in. (5.33-mm) and 0.375-in. (9.53-mm) andhave a wall thickness less than 0.375-in. (9.53-mm), but arelimited in depth to 0.375-in. (9.53-mm) maximum by anotherrigid surface shall be permissible (see Fig. 3). The product shallbe evaluated in all manufacturers recommended use po

32、sitions.5.7 Exposed Coil SpringsAny exposed coil spring whichis accessible to the occupant, having or capable of generatinga space between coils of 0.210 in (5.33 mm) or greater duringstatic load testing (see 7.2) shall be covered or otherwisedesigned to prevent injury from entrapment.5.8 Protective

33、 ComponentsIf a child can grasp compo-nents between the thumb and forefinger, or teeth, (such as caps,sleeves, or plugs used for protection from sharp edges, points,or entrapment of fingers or toes), or if there is at least a 0.040in. (1.00 mm) gap between the component and its adjacentparent compon

34、ent, such component shall not be removed whentested in accordance with 7.1.5.9 Labeling5.9.1 Warning labels, (whether paper or non paper) shall bepermanent when tested per 7.7.5.9.2 Warning statements applied directly onto the surfaceof the product by hot stamping, heat transfer, printing, woodburni

35、ng, etc. shall be permanent when tested per 7.8.5.9.3 Non-paper labels shall not liberate small parts whentested in accordance with 7.9.FIG. 3 Opening ExamplesF20880336. Performance Requirements6.1 Static LoadThe swing shall not create a hazardouscondition (such as breakage or pinch points, or both)

36、 whentested in accordance to 7.2.6.2 Stability TestThe swing shall not tip over when testedaccording to 7.3.6.3 Unintentional FoldingThe swing shall remain in themanufacturers recommended use position when tested per 7.4.If a unit is designed with a latching or locking device, thatdevice shall remai

37、n engaged and operative after testing.6.3.1 Threaded fasteners used to attach structural compo-nents shall have a locking mechanism such as lock washers,self-locking nuts or other means to prevent detachment due tovibration.6.4 Restraint SystemA restraint system shall be providedto secure a child in

38、 the seated positions in any of themanufacturers recommended use positions.6.4.1 The restraint system shall include either a fixedpassive crotch restraint and a waist belt, or a waist and crotchbelt where the crotch belts use is mandatory when the waistbelt is in use.6.4.2 If the swing seat has a tr

39、ay, a passive crotch restraintsystem shall be designed such that its use is mandatory whenthe tray is in use. If the tray is moveable, the restraint systemmust have a waist and crotch belt where the crotch belts useis mandatory when the waist belt is in use.6.4.3 This system and its closing means sh

40、all not slip morethan 1 in. (25 mm), break, separate, or permit the removal ofthe test dummy when tested per 7.5.6.5 Cradle Swing OrientationThe angle of the cradleswing surface along the dummys head-to-toe axis relative tothe horizontal shall not be greater than 5 degrees when testedin accordance t

41、o 7.6.6.6 Battery Operated Swings6.6.1 The battery compartment or area immediately adja-cent to the battery compartment shall be marked permanentlyand legibly to show the correct battery polarity, size andvoltage.6.6.2 Battery operated swings shall provide a means tocontain the electrolytic material

42、 in the event of a batteryleakage. This containment means shall not be accessible to theoccupant.6.6.3 Positive protection from the possibility of chargingany primary (non-rechargeable) battery shall be achieved eitherthrough physical design of the battery compartment or throughthe use of appropriat

43、e electrical circuit design. This applies tosituations in which a battery may be installed incorrectly(reversed), and in which a battery charger may be applied to aproduct containing primary batteries. This section does notapply to a circuit having one or two batteries as the only sourceof power.7.

44、Test Methods7.1 Removal of Protective Components Test7.1.1 Any protective component shall be tested in accor-dance with each of the following methods in the sequencelisted.7.1.2 Securely locate the swing so that is cannot moveduring the performance of the following tests:7.1.3 Torque TestA torque sh

45、all be applied to any grasp-able component (see 5.8) within a period of5sinaclockwisedirection until either the component rotates 180 from theoriginal position or the torque attains 2 lbf-in. (0.2 Nm). Thetorque or maximum rotation shall be maintained for anadditional 10 s. The torque shall then be

46、removed and the testcomponents permitted to return to a relaxed condition. Thisprocedure shall then be repeated in the counter-clockwisedirection.7.1.4 Tension Test7.1.4.1 Attach a force gage to the component cap, sleeve, orplug by means of any suitable device. For protective compo-nents that cannot

47、 be reasonably expected to be graspedbetween thumb and forefinger, or teeth on their outer diameterbut have a gap of 0.040 in. (1.0 mm) or more behind the rearsurface of the component and the structural member of theswing to which they are attached, a clamp such as the oneshown in Fig. 4 may be a su

48、itable device.7.1.4.2 Be sure that the attachment device does not com-press or expand the component hindering any possible re-moval.7.1.4.3 Gradually apply a force of 15 lbf. (67 N) in thedirection that would normally be associated with the removalof the protective component overa5speriod and hold f

49、or anadditional 10 s.7.2 Static Load TestErect the unit in accordance with themanufacturers instructions. By any necessary means, place aweight of 75 lb. (34.1 kg) in the center of the seat distributedby a 6 in. by 6 in. (150 mm by 150 mm) wood block34 in. (19mm) thick. Gradually apply the weight within 5 s and maintainfor 60 s.7.3 Stability Test7.3.1 Place the CAMI dummy Mark II in the swing seat.FIG. 4 Tension Test Adapter/ClampF20880347.3.2 Position the product on a smooth 20 degree inclinedsurface as shown in Fig. 5 (swing direction).