ASTM D1622 D1622M-2014 Standard Test Method for Apparent Density of Rigid Cellular Plastics《硬质泡沫塑料的表面密度的标准试验方法》.pdf

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1、Designation: D1622 08D1622/D1622M 14Standard Test Method forApparent Density of Rigid Cellular Plastics1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1622;D1622/D1622M; the number immediately following the designation indicatesthe year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the yea

2、r of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of lastreapproval. A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 This test method covers th

3、e density of a cellular plastic. Density can be evaluated as the apparent overall density (includesforming skins) or by apparent core density (forming skins removed).1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values given inparentheses

4、 are for information only.stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be usedindependently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns

5、, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.NOTE 1This test method is equivalent to ISO 845.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards

6、:2D618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for TestingD883 Terminology Relating to PlasticsE691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method2.2 ISO Standard:ISO 845 Cellular Plastics and RubbersDetermination of Apparent (Bulk) Density33. Terminology3.1

7、For definitions of terms associated with plastic materials, see Terminology D883.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 apparent core density (of a cellular plastic)the weight in air per unit volume of a sample, after all forming skins havebeen removed.3.2.2 apparent overall densit

8、y (of a cellular plastic)the weight in air per unit volume of a sample, including all forming skins.3.1.3 When density or apparent density is used in reference to a cellular plastic, without further qualification, it shall beinterpreted as follows:3.1.3.1 densityshall be interpreted as being the app

9、arent overall density if the material is to be used with forming skins intact.3.1.3.2 densityshall be interpreted as the apparent core density if the forming skins have been, or will be, removed before thematerial is used.4. Significance and Use4.1 If the material to be tested includes forming skins

10、, the apparent overall density, or the apparent core density, or both, shallbe determined. If the material does not have forming skins, the term overall density is not applicable.1 This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 on Plastics and is the direct responsibility of Subcom

11、mittee D20.22 on Cellular Materials - Plasticsand Elastomers.Current edition approved April 1, 2008April 1, 2014. Published May 2008May 2014. Originally approved in 1959. Last previous edition approved in 20032008 asD1622 - 03.D1622 - 08. DOI: 10.1520/D1622-08.10.1520/D1622-14.2 For referencedASTM s

12、tandards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. ForAnnual Book ofASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.3 Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., 4th Fl

13、oor, New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately,

14、ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive,

15、PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States14.2 This test method is also applicable to spray foam materials.4.3 Before proceeding with this test method, reference shall be made to the specification of the material being tested. Any testspecimen preparation, conditioning, dimensions,

16、 or testing parameters, or combination thereof, covered in the relevant ASTMmaterials specification shall take precedence over those mentioned in this test method. If there are no relevant ASTM materialspecifications, then the default conditions in this method apply.4.4 When density or apparent dens

17、ity is used in reference to a cellular plastic, without further qualification, it shall be interpretedas follows:4.4.1 densityshall be interpreted as being the apparent overall density if the material is to be used with forming skins intact.4.4.2 densityshall be interpreted as the apparent core dens

18、ity if the forming skins have been, or will be, removed before thematerial is used.5. Apparatus5.1 Analytical Balance or Scale, capable of weighing the specimens to the nearest 60.1 %.5.2 Micrometer Dial Gage,Gauge, Caliper, or Steel Rule, suitable for measuring dimensions of the specimen to 60.1 %.

19、5.3 Dual Component Spray Equipment, designed to meter the materials.6. Test Specimen6.1 The specimen shall be of a shape whose volume can be readily calculated, and not less than 16.4 cm3 (1.01.0 in.3) involume.6.2 If the sample is a single object whose weight and volume can be measured accurately,

20、using the total weight and totalvolume may be used to determine the sample density. density is acceptable. In this case, the test specimen is the entire sample.6.3 When testing spray foam materials, specimens shall be prepared as follows:6.3.1 Test specimens shall be taken from finished foam samples

21、 that have been sprayed from compounds in accordance with6.3.2.6.3.2 The Spray the sample compounds should be sprayed at room temperature between(between 20 to 24C, unless 24C),unless alternative conditions are otherwise agreed upon by the contractual parties. Spray equipment shall be adjusted to th

22、e bestspray pattern and optimum performance. Spray apply a minimum 1.27-cm (0.5-in.12-in.) layer of foam to a 0.95-cm by 63.5-cmby 63.5-cm (38-in. by 24-in. by 24-in.) primed plywood base or other suitable substrate. substrate approximately 0.95-cm by63.5-cm by 63.5-cm 0.375-in. by 25-in. by 25-in.

23、After a minimum of 5 min,minutes, spray apply a second layer of at least 3.8cm (11.512 in.). in. in thickness.6.3.3 Cut a an approximate 2.54-cm (1-in.)1-in. thick specimen from the second layer. For calculation of core density, removethe bottom layer and the top skin. For calculation of the apparen

24、t overall density, cut a specimen that includes the forming skin.6.4 If separate test specimens are cut from the sample, a minimum of three shall be used. The specimens shall be taken fromlocations distributed throughout the sample.6.5 When apparent overall density is determined using specimens cut

25、from a larger sample, the ratio of forming skin area tototal volume shall be the same for the test specimens as for the sample.7. Conditioning7.1 ConditioningUnless Condition the test specimens at 23 6 2C and 50 6 10 % relative humidity for not less than 40 hprior to test in accordance with Procedur

26、eAof Practice D618, unless otherwise specified by the contract or relevantASTM materialspecification, condition the test specimens at 23 6 2C (73.4 6 3.6F) and 50 6 5 % relative humidity for not less than 24 h priorto the test.material specifications. In cases of disagreement, the tolerances shall b

27、e 61C and 65 % relative humidity.7.2 Test ConditionsConduct tests in the standard laboratory atmosphere of 23 6 2C (73.4 6 3.6F) and 50 6 5 %50 6 10 %relative humidity, unless otherwise specified in this specification or by the contract or relevant ASTM materials specification-.material specificatio

28、n. In cases of disagreement, the tolerances shall be 61C and 65 % relative humidity.8. Number of Specimens8.1 A minimum of three specimens shall be tested, unless the entire sample is measured as a single specimen (see Section 6).9. Procedure9.1 Weigh the test specimen on a balance or scale to a pre

29、cision of 60.1 %.9.2 Measure specimens with a caliper or a dial-type gagegauge having a foot with a minimum area of 6.5 cm2 (11 in.2). Holdthe pressure of the dial foot to 2.7 6 0.7 kPa (0.40.4 6 0.1 psi),psi, unless such pressure indents the specimen. In these cases,the pressure shall be reduced ac

30、cordingly. When a sliding caliper gagegauge is used, the proper setting shall be that point at whichthe measuring faces of the gagegauge contact the surfaces of the specimen without compressing them. Do not use a steel rule forD1622/D1622M 142dimensions less than 25 mm (1 in.).1 in. Measure all dime

31、nsions to a precision of 60.1 %. In general, three measurements shallbe made of each dimension. A lesser number may be made It is acceptable to use a lesser number when the following conditionsapply:Measurementsper DimensionMaximum AllowedCross-Sectional AreaPerpendicular toMeasured DimensionMaximum

32、 AllowedLength of LongestPerpendicularDimension1 25 cm2 (4 in.2) 10 cm (4 in.)1 25 cm2 4 in.2 10 cm 4 in.2 100 cm2 (16 in.2) 30 cm (12 in.)2 100 cm2 16 in.2 30 cm 12 in.10. Calculation10.1 Calculate the density to three significant figures as follows:D 5Ws/Vwhere:D = density of specimen, kg/m3,Ws =

33、weight of specimen, kg, andV = volume of specimen, m3.NOTE 2To obtain density in g/cm3, divide D by 1000. To obtain density in lb/ft3, divide D by 16.10.2 See Appendix X1 for a density calculation that corrects for the buoyant effect of air.NOTE 3The air buoyancy effect will vary with time and depen

34、ds on the open-cell content of the foam. Highly open-celled materials are essentiallyair-filled and will not exhibit the buoyant effects of air. However, freshly produced closed-cell materials are essentially air-void and will exhibit maximumbuoyant effects of air. An additional 1.22 kg/m3 (0.0760.0

35、76 lb/ft3) would be added to the density of an air-void specimen if the correction is used.10.3 Calculate the standard deviation (estimated) as follows and report it to two significant figures:s 5X22nX2n 21 ors 5X22nX2!/n 21!1/2s 5X22nX2n 21 ors 5X22nX2!/n 21!1/2where:s = estimated standard deviatio

36、n,X = value of a single observation,n = number of observations, andX = arithmetic mean of the set of observations.11. Report11.1 Report the following information:11.1.1 Complete description of material tested, including type, source, code numbers, form, etc.,11.1.2 Conditioning procedure used, if di

37、fferent from that specified in Section 7,TABLE 1 Within-Laboratory and Between-Laboratory Estimate ofPrecision Based on Round-Robin Testing Data for D1622 83Material Nominal Density Average Values, kg/m3SrA SRB IrC IRDM1 38 37.51 0.42 0.56 1.18 1.58M2 50 49.63 0.30 0.46 0.86 1.31M3 24 28.03 0.14 0.6

38、6 0.40 1.88M4 21 20.79 0.59 1.11 1.68 3.14ASris the within-laboratory standard deviation of the average.BSRis the between-laboratories standard deviation of the average.CIr = 2.83= 2.83Sr.DIR = 2.83= 2.83SR.D1622/D1622M 14311.1.3 Number of specimens tested, if different from that specified in Sectio

39、n 8,11.1.4 Density, average value, and standard deviation, and11.1.5 Date of test.11.2 Unless otherwise stated, the density is assumed to be the density calculated as defined in 10.1.12. Precision and Bias412.1 Precision:12.1.1 Tables 1 and 2 are based on a round-robin conducted in 1982 in accordanc

40、e with Practice E691, involving four materialstested by five laboratories. For each material, all the samples were prepared at one source, but the individual specimens wereprepared at the laboratories that tested them. Each test result was the average of five individual determinations. Each laborato

41、ryobtained one test result for each material.12.1.2 Concept of Ir and IRWarningThe following explanations of Ir and IR (12.1.2 12.1.5) are only intended to presenta meaningful way of considering the approximate precision of this test method. Do not rigorously apply the data in Tables 1 and2 to the a

42、cceptance or rejection of material, as those data are specific to the round-robin and are not necessarily representative ofother lots, conditions, materials or laboratories. Users of this test method shall apply the principles outlined in Practice E691 togenerate data specific to their laboratory an

43、d materials, or between specific laboratories. The principles of 12.1.2 12.1.5 wouldthen be valid for such data.The following explanations of Ir and IR (12.1.2 12.1.5) are only intended to present a meaningful wayof considering the approximate precision of this test method. The data in Tables 1 and

44、2 should not be rigorously applied to theacceptance or rejection of material, as those data are specific to the round-robin and may not be representative of other lots,conditions, materials or laboratories. Users of this test method should apply the principles outlined in Practice E691 to generateda

45、ta specific to their laboratory and materials, or between specific laboratories. The principles of 12.1.2 12.1.5 would then bevalid for such data.If Sr and SR have been calculated from a large enough body of data, and for test results that were averages (medians/otherfunction) from testing five spec

46、imens:12.1.3 Repeatability (Ir)Comparing In comparing two test results for the same material, obtained by the same operator usingthe same equipment on the same day, the two those test results should be are judged as not equivalent if they differ by more thanthe Ir for that material. material and con

47、dition.12.1.4 Reproducibility (IR)Comparing In comparing two test results for the same material, obtained by different operatorsusing different equipment on different days, the two those test results should be are judged as not equivalent if they differ by morethan the IR value for that material. ma

48、terial and condition. (This applies between different laboratories or between differentequipment within the same laboratory.)12.1.5 Any judgment made in accordance with 12.1.3 and 12.1.4 would have an approximate 95 % (0.95) probability of beingcorrect.12.2 The precision has not been determined for

49、the test method specific to spray foam materials.12.3 BiasBias is systematic error that contributes to the difference between a test result and a true (or reference) value. Thereare no recognized standards on which to base an estimate of bias for this test method.13. Keywords13.1 apparent core density; apparent density; apparent overall density; density; rigid cellular plastics; spray foamAPPENDIX4 Supporting data have been filed at ASTM International Headquarters and may be obtained by requesting