[外语类试卷]考博英语（阅读理解）模拟试卷82及答案与解析.doc

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1、考博英语（阅读理解）模拟试卷 82及答案与解析 一、 Reading Comprehension 0 Hello back there! This is me, in the future. Its great here. We finally have robots that do things for us, although none of them are very attractive, at least not after the third or fourth date. Dogs and cats developed the power of speech several ye

2、ars ago, and turn out to have very little interesting to say beyond requests for food and, on the part of cats, expressions of condescension. One thing that has not changed in the 50 years since you guys were merging and purging all over the place is our reliance on media. Today we have 484, 567, 54

3、3 channels of great programming, which correspond exactly to the population of the U. S. Its really fabulous. Each of us has his or her own mix that completely serves our interests and virtual habits. I say virtual habits because none of us have any real habits to speak of, good or bad. They were ou

4、tlawed in 2025, and most of us agree that were happier without any. Our programming mixtures reach us through a variety of pipelines all owned by one of four Great Big Media Companies. These are all exactly alike in their collection of assets, each of them owning broadcast, narrowcast, die-cast, ret

5、rocast and cybercast, broadband, narrowband, audio, video, satellite and an upload-and-download phalanx of option-driven interfaces. Each of our Great Big Media Companies has thousands of brands that make us feel all warm and toasty and provide an emotional connection to a past that nobody can actua

6、lly remember. We love our GBMCs and buy their stocks all the time. And theyre getting bigger. Not long ago, the largest GBMC declared itself to be a nation, established a virtual army and invaded Nova Scotia. Right now, its fighting the Canadians, who are holding out for preferred stock in the new e

7、ntity before they capitulate. So things have changed a lot, except maybe for one thing. As Im dictating this into the cyber-neural-net, I am sitting on a soft object with a rather high back, which is necessary as, like all other human beings now, I have no real bone structure. Thats right, its my be

8、loved couch! I sit on my couch all day long. I do business from my couch, since everything is now conducted online. I am served my meals on my couch. My family members catch up with one anothers virtual day while sitting on our couch. The only time we leave our couch is when we are conveyed upstairs

9、 to bed, which is just another couch. So from our couch to yours, hello! Thats your future! See you there! 1 What is implied in the first paragraph? （ A） The future life will be much greater than the present life. （ B） Robots will become as smart as human beings in the future life. （ C） What will be

10、 described in the passage is quite absurd. （ D） Cats and dogs will surely develop the power of speech in the future. 2 The author uses the phrase “couch potato“ to mean those who_. （ A） spends a lot of time sitting at home watching television, surfing Internet, reading etc. （ B） prefer to have potat

11、oes as meals while sitting on the couch （ C） prefer to sleep on couch rather than on bed （ D） indulge themselves only in sleeping and eating 3 The authors attitude towards the four Great Big Media Companies is probably one of_. （ A） strong disapproval （ B） mild satire （ C） reserved consent （ D） enth

12、usiastic support 4 In contrast to the great changes in the virtual future, one thing that has not changed is_. （ A） our way of life （ B） the social status of pets like dogs and cats （ C） our habits and memories of the past （ D） our dependence on television, computer, radios, newspapers, etc. 5 The t

13、ext intends to express the idea that_. （ A） people will live a happier life in the future （ B） people will do business at home in the future （ C） human beings tend to degenerate with increasing immobility （ D） people will have more free time to pursue their hobbies 5 As you read this, nearly 80, 000

14、 Americans are waiting for a new heart, kidney or some other organ that could save their life. Tragically, about 6, 000 of them will die this year nearly twice as many people as perished in the Sept. 11 attacks because they wont get their transplant in time. The vast majority of Americans(86% , acco

15、rding to one poll)say they support organ donation. But only 20% actually sign up to do it. Why the shortfall? Part of the problem is the way we handle organ donations. Americans who want to make this sort of gift have to opt in that is, indicate on a drivers license that when they die, they want the

16、ir organs to be made available. Many European and Asian countries take the opposite approach; in Singapore, for example, all residents receive a letter when they come of age informing them that their organs may be harvested unless they explicitly object. In Belgium, which adopted a similar presumed-

17、consent system 12 years ago, less than 2% of the population has decided to opt out. Further complicating the situation in the U. S. is the fact that whatever decision you make can be overruled by your family. The final say is left to your surviving relatives, who must make up their minds in the crit

18、ical hours after brain death has been declared. There are as many as 50 body parts, from your skin to your corneas, that can save or transform the life of a potential recipient, but for many families lost in grief, the idea of dismembering a loved one is more than they can bear. The U. S. , like all

19、 medically advanced societies, has struggled to find a way to balance an individuals rightful sovereignty over his or her body with societys need to save its members from avoidable deaths. Given Americas tradition of rugged individualism and native distrust of Big Brotherly interference, its not sur

20、prising that voters resisted attempts to switch to a presumed-consent system when it was proposed in California, Oregon, Minnesota, Pennsylvania and Maryland. Health Secretary Tommy Thompson last spring announced plans for a new initiative to encourage donations including clearer consent forms but i

21、ts impact is expected to be modest. Given the crying need for organs, perhaps its time we considered shifting to something closer to the presumed-consent model. Meanwhile, if you want to ensure that your organs are donated when you die, you should say so in a living will or fill out a Uniform Donor

22、Card(available from the American Medical Association). Make sure your closest relatives know about it. And if you dont want to donate an organ, you should make your wishes equally explicit. 6 According to the author, one of the reasons for a shortage of organs in America is_. （ A） most Americans are

23、 reluctant to donate their organs after death （ B） the information about organ donation is not popular in America （ C） the ways to handle organ donation is far from perfect （ D） people waiting for transplant are rapidly increasing in America 7 What is most Americans attitude towards the organ donati

24、on? （ A） Indifferent. （ B） Indignant. （ C） Detached. （ D） Supportive. 8 It can be inferred from paragraph 4 that_. （ A） Americans have a long tradition of weak individualism （ B） all the states in America resist the presumed-consent system （ C） its not easy to find a way to serve the societys need a

25、nd at the same time to protect the individuals right in the matter of organ donation （ D） the government is not active in solving the problem 9 The term “presumed-consent“ probably means_. （ A） ones organs should be donated whether they agree or not （ B） one is supposed to agree that their organ wil

26、l be donated after death unless they explicitly object （ C） dismembering a dead body is inhuman （ D） one is assumed to be happy after they decide to donate their organs 10 From the text, we can see the authors attitude towards organ donation is_. （ A） supportive （ B） indignant （ C） indifferent （ D）

27、negative 10 Jim Clark, 55, is the first person ever to start three companies that each grew to be worth more than $ 1 billion an achievement celebrated in Michael Lewis best-selling book, The New New Thing. Clark saw in primitive computer graphics chips the potential for powerful new workstations bu

28、ilt by Silicon Graphics. He looked at a simple interface for websites, and turned it into the Netscape Web browser. And he most recently has exploited the potential of the Web for dispensing medical information through a company called Healtheon. Each of these ideas has netted Clark a cool billion o

29、r so. Shouldnt such a visionary come up with a similarly new way of giving those bucks away? Well, no. Clark has bestowed his money the old-fashioned way by attaching his name to a building at Stanford University, his alma mater. His $ 150 million grant, establishing the Jim C. Clark Center for Biom

30、edical Engineering and Sciences, reflects his belief that just as computer technology has been driving todays economy, biotech will power it over the next 40 years. “Some people say you should give where the need is greatest,“ he says, shrugging. “But thats the job for government. For me, with only

31、a few billion, I have more impact targeting a specific priority. “ Clark also wanted to reward Stanford, whose labs he used while engineering the chip for his Silicon Graphics workstations. And this was the sort of philanthropic gesture that would still leave him time to have fun running companies,

32、building yachts and flying helicopters. Clark has a personal insight into why some tech multimillionaires postpone serious charitable giving. At one point in 1998, he watched the value of his Netscape stock erode from $ 2 billion to $ 200 million. And other wealthy techies have seen similar wild swi

33、ngs in their personal fortunes. Explains Clark: “When you see your net worth drop like that, you think, If this keeps going, Im going to have to sell my airplane. “ Clark is critical of some of his Silicon Valley brethren who havent been as generous, despite their multibillion-dollar net worth. He h

34、opes his gift will spur other tech billionaires to action, particularly Yahoo founders Jerry Yang and David Filo, who dont discuss specifics of any giving they may have done and who Clark believes have been too frugal. “These guys actually ran the Yahoo servers out of Stanford,“ says Clark. “They sh

35、ould be giving something back. These guys are young, but theyve got more money than me. Or take Larry Ellison; he should be doing more. “ But Clark remains optimistic: “These new-money guys, first they have to get a couple of houses, the plane. At that point theyll think about, How can I do somethin

36、g more impacting?“ 11 The author begins his article with Clarks experience to_. （ A） show the great achievements of Clark （ B） show the richness of Clark （ C） show the payback of Clarks brilliant ideas （ D） show his desire to get fortunes 12 Clark believes that the bestowal of the money_. （ A） shoul

37、d be done in an old way （ B） should take the form of generosity （ C） should be given in limited field （ D） should involve all rich men 13 The founders of Yahoo are mentioned to show_. （ A） their way of saving money （ B） their ungenerosity and less interest in donating （ C） Clarks contempt of the new

38、 money （ D） their difficulty in getting rich 14 Clarks attitude toward his Silicon Valley brethren is_. （ A） strong disapproval （ B） reserved consent （ C） slight contempt （ D） enthusiastic support 15 From the text we learn that Larry Ellison is_. （ A） a Yuppie （ B） Clarks competitor （ C） a successfu

39、l techie （ D） a young tech billionaire 15 Imagine asking a presidential candidate to sit down for a sensitivity session on gay and lesbian issues. Thats exactly what we did last week in Austin, Texas. George W. Bush invited us, a dozen gay Republicans, after hed refused to meet with a gay Republican

40、 group that had criticized him. Our meeting set an important precedent: never again will a major-party candidate be able to run for president without addressing gay and lesbian issues. Bush didnt like everything we had to say. I was struck by his lack of familiarity with the issues, as well as by hi

41、s desire to learn. I described how my partner, Rob Morris, and I have been in a 17-year relationship. We both come from healthy, strong, religious families. Rob grew up in a conservative Republican family in Georgia; I come from a longtime Republican family in Wisconsin. Im now the vice president of

42、 my Lutheran church. I wanted Governor Bush to understand that long-term, loving relationships, stable families, strong faith-based traditions and Republican voting histories are all part of the gay and lesbian community. Our stories had an impact. Bush admitted that, growing up in Texas, he had not

43、 been as open to elements of Americas diverse culture. He had a narrow set of friends and a firm set of traditions. But he was surprised and dismayed to hear that people saw him as intolerant. “ What have I said that sent that signal?“ he asked repeatedly. We confronted him about his reported statem

44、ent that if you were openly gay or lesbian you would not be considered for a job in his administration. “I never said that,“ he insisted, assuring us he would hire gays and lesbians who both were qualified and shared his political views. Our perspective was clearly eye-opening to him. When one of us

45、 talked about his lesbian sister and her partner adopting children, the governor acknowledged his often-stated belief that gays should not adopt. “Now youre telling me of a very loving, caring relationship,“ he said. “I really appreciate hearing that. “ We stressed that a Bush administration could n

46、ot roll back any of the progress made in recent years. We talked about AIDS funding and research. Though Bush was attentive and does show a willingness to hear all sides I dont think we changed his positions. He still opposes gay marriage and classifying crimes against gays as hate crimes. To be hon

47、est, Bush still has a long way to go. But I think hes a lot farther along today than he was last week. 16 What is implied in the first paragraph? （ A） A gay Republican group criticized Bush for his political views. （ B） It is impossible to invite a president for discussing the gay issues. （ C） No pr

48、esident candidate can ignore gay and lesbian issues at the present time. （ D） Gay and lesbian issues are hot issues for the president. 17 The author uses himself as an example to show_. （ A） what it is like in the gay and lesbian community （ B） what it is like to be a gay （ C） what kind of a family

49、the gays come from （ D） what it is like to maintain a gay relationship 18 The authors attitude toward Bushs performance at the meeting is_. （ A） scornful （ B） satisfactory （ C） supporting （ D） objective 19 In spite of his careful listening, Bush still opposes the following behaviors except_. （ A） adopting the child （ B） getting married （ C） redefining hate crimes （ D） employing the gays and lesbians 20 The text intends to express the i