[外语类试卷]考博英语模拟试卷129及答案与解析.doc

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1、考博英语模拟试卷 129及答案与解析 一、 Structure and Vocabulary 1 And the topic “fat“ is forbidden. Even the slightest paunch betrays that one is losing the trim and _ of youth. （ A） vague （ B） vigor （ C） vogue （ D） vulgar 2 All specialists agree that the most important consideration with diet drugs is carefully the

2、 risks and benefits. （ A） valuing （ B） evaluating （ C） estimating （ D） weighing 3 Chinese often shake my hand and dont let go. They talk away contentedly, _ of my discomfort and struggle to disengage my hand. （ A） oblivious （ B） patent （ C） obvious （ D） pernicious 4 The word “foolish“ is too mild to

3、 describe your behavior, I would prefer the word _. （ A） ideological （ B） idyllic （ C） idiotic （ D） idiomatic 5 Because of its excellence in quality, for the last two years, Audi car has Germanys Touring Car Championship. （ A） conquered （ B） contested （ C） dominated （ D） determined 6 What we conside

4、r a luxury at one time frequently becomes a _, many families find that ownership of two cars is indispensable. （ A） fashion （ B） necessity （ C） proclivity （ D） nuisance 7 The chief editor thought he took some liberties with the original in translation. So it was necessary that he make the _ suggeste

5、d. （ A） alterations （ B） alternatives （ C） alternations （ D） altercations 8 Many well-educated people dont believe that _ will endanger freedom of speech. （ A） censership （ B） censureship （ C） sensorship （ D） censorship 9 The _ of “snake“ is simply this: a legless reptile with a long, thin body. （ A

6、） connotation （ B） denomination （ C） donation （ D） denotation 10 When the opposing player fouled John, John let his anger _ his good sense and hit the boy back. （ A） got the feel of （ B） got the hang of （ C） got the better of （ D） got the worst of 11 Although this book claims to be a biography of Ge

7、orge Washington, many of the incidents are imaginary. （ A） fascinating （ B） factitious （ C） fastidious （ D） fictitious 12 The trade fair is designed to facilitate further cooperation between Chinese auto industries and overseas auto industries. （ A） promote （ B） protect （ C） preserve （ D） prolong 13

8、 He was concerned only with mundane matters, especially the daily stock market quotations. （ A） rational （ B） obscure （ C） worldly （ D） eminent 14 The earthquake that occurred in India this year was a major calamity in which a great many lives were lost. （ A） casualty （ B） catastrophe （ C） catalogue

9、 （ D） crusade 15 The doctors were worried because the patient did not recuperate as rapidly as they had expected. （ A） withdraw （ B） emerge （ C） recover （ D） uncover 16 The purchaser of this lorry is protected by the manufacturers warranty that he will replace any defective part for five years or 50

10、000 miles. （ A） prohibition （ B） insurance （ C） prophecy （ D） guarantee 17 The boy could not reconcile himself to the failure, he did not believe that was his lot. （ A） submit （ B） commit （ C） transmit （ D） permit 18 In some cities of North China, the noise pollution is as pronounced as that in Toky

11、o. （ A） contemptuous （ B） contagious （ C） conspicuous （ D） contemplated 19 Trivial breaches of regulations we can pass over, but more serious ones will have to be investigated. （ A） exceed （ B） wither （ C） overpass （ D） neglect 20 We were discussing the housing problem when a middle-aged man cut in

12、and said, “Theres no point in talking about impossibilities.“ （ A） intersect （ B） interject （ C） penetrate （ D） adulterate 二、 Reading Comprehension 20 Before the mid-nineteenth century, people in the United States ate most foods only in season. Drying, smoking, and salting could preserve meat for a

13、short time, but the availability of fresh meat, like that of fresh milk, was very limited, there was no way to prevent spoilage, But in 1810 a French inventor named Nicolas Appert developed the cooking-and-sealing process of canning. And in the 1850s an American named Gail Borden developed a means o

14、f condensing and preserving milk. Canned goods and condensed milk became more common during the 1860s, but supplies remained low because cans had to be made by hand. By 1880, however, inventors had fashioned stamping and soldering machines that mass-produced cans from tinplate. Suddenly all kinds of

15、 food could be preserved and bought at all times of the year. Other trends and inventions had also helped make it possible for Americans to vary their daily diet. Growing urban populations created demand that encouraged fruit and vegetable farmers to raise more produce. Railroad refrigerator cars en

16、abled growers and meat packers to ship perishables great distances and to preserve them for longer periods. Thus, by the 1890s, northern city dwellers could enjoy southern and western strawberries, grapes, and tomatoes, previously available for a month at most, for up to six months of the year. In a

17、ddition, increased use of iceboxes enabled families to store perishables. All easy means of producing ice commercially had been invented in the 1870s, and by 1900 the nation had more than two thousand commercial ice plants, most of which made home deliveries. The icebox became a fixture in most home

18、s and remained so until the mechanized refrigerator replaced it in the 1920s and 1930s. 21 What does the passage mainly discuss? （ A） Causes of food spoilage （ B） Commercial production of ice （ C） Inventions that led to changes in the American diet （ D） Population movement in the nineteenth century

19、22 The world “prevent“ in line 4 is closest in meaning to _. （ A） estimate （ B） avoid （ C） correct （ D） confine 23 During the 1860s, canned food products were _. （ A） unavailable in rural areas （ B） shipped in refrigerator cars （ C） available in limited quantities （ D） a staple part of the American

20、diet 24 It can be inferred that railroad refrigerator cars came into use _. （ A） before 1860 （ B） before 1890 （ C） after 1900 （ D） after 1920 25 The author implies that in the 1920s and 1930s home deliveries of ice _. （ A） decreased in number （ B） were on an irregular schedule （ C） increased in cost

21、 . （ D） occurred only in the summer 25 Mass transportation revised the social and economic fabric of the American city in three fundamental ways. It catalyzed physical expansion, it sorted out people and land uses, and it accelerated the inherent instability of urban life. By opening vast areas of u

22、noccupied land for residential expansion, the omnibuses, horse railways, commuter trains, and electric trolleys pulled settled regions outward two to four times more distant from city centers than they were inthe premodern era. In 1850, for example, the borders of Boston lay scarcely two miles from

23、the old business district. By the turn of the century the radius extended ten miles. Now those who could afford it could live far removed from the old city center and still commute there for work, shopping, and entertainment. The new accessibility of land around the periphery of almost every major c

24、ity sparked an explosion of real estate development and pulled what we now know as urban sprawl. Between 1890 and 1920, for example, some 250000 new residential lots were recorded within the borders of Chicago; most of them located in outlying areas. Over the same period, another 550000 were plotted

25、 outside the city limits but within the metropolitan area. Anxious to take advantage of the possibilities of commuting, real estate developers added 800000 potential building sits to the Chicago region in just thirty years lots that could have housed five to six million people. 26 With which of the

26、following subjects is the passage mainly concerned? （ A） Types of mass transportation （ B） Instability of urban life （ C） How supply and demand determine land use （ D） The effects of mass transportation on urban expansion 27 The author mentions all of the following as effects of mass transportation

27、on cities EXCEPT. （ A） growth in city area （ B） separation of commercial and residential districts （ C） changes in life in the inner city （ D） increasing standards of living. 28 The word “vast“ in line 3 is closest in meaning to _. （ A） large （ B） basic （ C） new （ D） urban 29 The word “sparked“ in l

28、ine 11 is closest in meaning to _. （ A） brought about （ B） surrounded （ C） sent out （ D） followed 30 Why does the author mention both Boston and Chicago? （ A） To demonstrate positive and negative effects of growth （ B） To show that mass transit changed many cities （ C） To exemplify cities with and w

29、ithout mass transportation （ D） To contrast their rate of growth 30 In the late 20th century, information has acquired two major utilitarian connotations. On the one hand, it is considered an economic resource, somewhat on par with other resources such as labour, material, and capital. This view ste

30、ms from evidence that the possession, manipulation, and use of information can increase the cost-effectiveness of many physical and cognitive processes. The rise in information-processing activities in industrial manufacturing as well as in human problem solving has been remarkable. Analysis of one

31、of the three traditional divisions of the economy, the service sector, shows a sharp increase in information-intensive activities since the beginning of the 20th century. By 1975 these activities accounted for half of the labour force of the United States, giving rise to the so-called information so

32、ciety. As an individual and societal resource, information has some interesting characteristics that separate it from the traditional notions of economic resources. Unlike other resources, information is expansive, with limits apparently imposed only by time and human cognitive capabilities. Its exp

33、ansiveness is attributable to the following: (1) it is naturally diffusive; (2) it reproduces rather than being consumed through use; and (3) it can be shared only, not exchanged in transactions. At the same time, information is compressible, both syntactically and semantically. The second perceptio

34、n of information is that it is an economic commodity, which helps to stimulate the worldwide growth of a new segment of national economies-the information service sector. Taking advantage of the properties of information and building on the perception of its individual and societal utility and value

35、, this sector provides a broad range of information products and services. By 1992 the market share of the U.S. information service sector had grown to about $ 25 billion. This was equivalent to about one-seventh of the countrys computer market, which, in turn, represented roughly 40 percent of the

36、global market in computers in that year. However, the probable convergence of computers and television (which constitutes a market share 100 times larger than computers) and its impact on information services, entertainment, and education are likely to restructure the respective market shares of the

37、 information industry before the onset of the 21st century. 31 The first paragraph is mainly about _. （ A） the remarkable rise in information-processing activities （ B） a sharp increase in information-intensive activities （ C） information as an economic resource （ D） the birth of information society

38、 32 It is not true that information can be _. （ A） condensed （ B） consumed through use （ C） shared by many people （ D） delivered at very high speed 33 According to this passage, the market share of _. （ A） the U. S. information service sector was equivalent to 40 percent of the global market share （

39、 B） the U. S. information service sector was about one-seventh of the global market share （ C） computers in the United States had reached about $ 3. 5 billion by 1992 （ D） computers in the United States is much smaller than that of television 34 The proper title for this passage should be _. （ A） in

40、formation society （ B） characteristics of information （ C） two major utilitarian connotations （ D） information as a resource and commodity 35 The characteristics of information are _ those of other economic resources. （ A） same with （ B） different from （ C） contrary to （ D） opposite to 三、 Cloze 35 T

41、he development of writing was one of the great human inventions. It is difficult【 36】 many people to imagine language without writing; the spoken word seems intricately tied to the written【 37】 . But children speak【 38】 they learn to write. And millions of people in the world speak languages with【 3

42、9】 written form. Among these people oral literature abounds, and crucial knowledge【 40】 memorized and passed【 41】 generations. But human memory is short-lived, and the brains storage capacity is finite.【 42】 overcame such problems and allowed communication across the miles【 43】 through the years and

43、 centuries. Writing permits a society【 44】 permanently record its poetry, its history and its technology. It might be argued【 45】 today we have electronic means of recording sound and【 46】 to produce films and television, and thus writing is becoming obsolete.【 47】writing became extinct, there would

44、 be no knowledge of electronics【 48】 TV technicians to study; there would be, in fact, little technology in years to【 49】 There would be no film or TV scripts, no literature, no books, no mail, no newspapers, no science. There would be【 50】 advantages: no bad novels, junk mail, poison-pen letters, o

45、r “unreadable“ income-tax forms, but the losses would outweigh the【 51】 . There are almost as【 52】 legends and stories on the invention of writing as there are【 53】 the origin of language. Legend has it that Cadmus, Prince of Phoenicia and founder of the city of Thebes,【 54】 the alphabet and brought

46、 it with him to Greece. In one Chinese fable the four-eyed dragon-god Tsang Chien invented writing. In【 55】myths, the Babylonian god Nebo and the Egyptian god Thoth gave humans writing as well as speech. 考博英语模拟试卷 129答案与解析 一、 Structure and Vocabulary 1 【正确答案】 B 2 【正确答案】 B 3 【正确答案】 A 4 【正确答案】 C 5 【正确答

47、案】 A 6 【正确答案】 B 7 【正确答案】 A 8 【正确答案】 D 9 【正确答案】 B 10 【正确答案】 C 11 【正确答案】 D 12 【正确答案】 A 13 【正确答案】 C 14 【正确答案】 B 15 【正确答案】 C 16 【正确答案】 D 17 【正确答案】 B 18 【正确答案】 C 19 【正确答案】 C 20 【正确答案】 B 二、 Reading Comprehension 21 【正确答案】 C 22 【正确答案】 B 23 【正确答案】 C 24 【正确答案】 B 25 【正确答案】 A 26 【正确答案】 D 27 【正确答案】 B 28 【正确答案】

48、A 29 【正确答案】 A 30 【正确答案】 B 31 【正确答案】 C 32 【正确答案】 B 33 【正确答案】 D 34 【正确答案】 D 35 【正确答案】 B 三、 Cloze 36 【正确答案】 for 37 【正确答案】 oneword 38 【正确答案】 before 39 【正确答案】 no 40 【正确答案】 is 41 【正确答案】 through 42 【正确答案】 writing 43 【正确答案】 and 44 【正确答案】 to 45 【正确答案】 that 46 【正确答案】 image 47 【正确答案】 if 48 【正确答案】 for 49 【正确答案】 come 50 【正确答案】 some 51 【正确答案】 gains 52 【正确答案】 any 53 【正确答案】 on 54 【正确答案】 invented 55 【正确答案】 other