[外语类试卷]北京大学考博英语模拟试卷20及答案与解析.doc

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1、北京大学考博英语模拟试卷 20及答案与解析 一、 Structure and Vocabulary 1 During the nineteen years of this career, France Battiate has won the _of a wide audience outside Italy. （ A） enjoyment （ B） appreciation （ C） evaluation （ D） reputation 2 He quickly_behind the building to avoid being hurt by the stones thrown in h

2、is direction. （ A） ducked （ B） evaded （ C） escaped （ D） dodged 3 These photos of my family_happy memories of my early childhood. （ A） refreshed me （ B） brought to mind （ C） stimulated （ D） reminded himself 4 _with overwork and injury done him, the good man died of cancer. （ A） Because （ B） If （ C） S

3、ince （ D） What 5 Tom_better than to ask his brother to help at such a critical moment. （ A） shall （ B） has known （ C） shouldnt （ D） should have known 6 Once they had fame, fortune, secure futures; _is utter poverty. （ A） now that all is left （ B） now all which is left （ C） now all that is left （ D）

4、now all what is left 7 Largely due to the university tradition and the current academic milieu, every college student here works_. （ A） industrially （ B） industriously （ C） consciously （ D） purposefully 8 I dont think its sensible of you to _ your greater knowledge in front of the chairwoman, for it

5、 may well offend her. （ A） show up （ B） show off （ C） show out （ D） show away 9 If we dont stop flirting with those deathly nuclear weapons, the whole globe will be_. （ A） empowered （ B） punished （ C） polluted （ D） annihilated 10 One of the important properties of a scientific theory is its ability

6、to_further research and further thinking about a particular topic. （ A） invent （ B） stimulate （ C） renovate （ D） advocate 11 When in his rebellious years, that is when he was sixteen or eighteen, Frank Anderson _going around with a strange set of people and staying out very late. （ A） took to （ B） t

7、ook up （ C） took on （ D） took in 12 In spite of the wide range of reading material specially designed or_for language learning purposes, there is yet no effective and systematic program for the reading skills. （ A） appointed （ B） assembled （ C） acknowledged （ D） adapted 13 In 1816, an apparently ins

8、ignificant event in a remote part of Northern Europe_ Europe into a bloody war. （ A） imposed （ B） plunged （ C） pitched （ D） inserted 14 The municipal planning commission said that their financial outlook for the next year was optimistic. They expect increased tax_. （ A） privileges （ B） efficiency （

9、C） revenues （ D） validity 15 The problem of pollution as well as several other issues is going to be discussed when the Congress is in_again next spring. （ A） convention （ B） conference （ C） session （ D） assembly 二、 Cloze 15 Large animals that inhabit the desert have evolved a number of adaptations

10、for reducing the effects of extreme heat.【 C1】 _adaptation is to be light in color, and to【 C2】 _rather than absorb the suns rays. Desert mammals also depart from the normal mammalian practice of maintaining a 【 C3】 _body temperature.【 C4】_trying to keep down the body temperature deep inside the bod

11、y, which would involve the expenditure of water and energy, desert mammals allow their temperatures to rise to what would normally be fever【 C5】 _, and temperatures as high as 46 degrees Celsius have been measured in gazelles(瞪羚羊 ). Another strategy of large desert animals is to tolerate the loss of

12、 body water to a point【 C6】 _would be fatal for non-adapted animals. The camel can lose up to 30 percent of its body weight as water without harm to itself,【 C7】 _human beings die after losing only 12 to 13 percent of their body weight. An equally important adaptation is the ability to【 C8】 _this wa

13、ter loss at one drink. Desert animals can drink prodigious volumes in a short time, and camels have been known to 【 C9】_over 100 liters in a few minutes. A very dehydrated person,【 C10】 _, cannot drink enough water to rehydrate at one【 C11】 _, because the human stomach is not sufficiently big and be

14、cause a too rapid【 C12】 _of the body fluids causes death from water intoxication. The 【 C13】 _of water loss is of obvious advantage in the desert, as animals do not have to remain 【 C14】 _a water hole but can obtain food from grazing sparse and far-flung pastures. Desert-adapted mammals have the fur

15、ther ability to feed normally when extremely dehydrated; it is a common experience in people that appetite is lost even【 C15】 _conditions of moderate thirst. 16 【 C1】 （ A） The （ B） One （ C） No （ D） Other 17 【 C2】 （ A） react （ B） reflect （ C） reduce （ D） repel 18 【 C3】 （ A） continual （ B） stable （ C）

16、 constant （ D） hot 19 【 C4】 （ A） Besides （ B） Apart from （ C） In order to （ D） Instead of 20 【 C5】 （ A） height （ B） degree （ C） scale （ D） domain 21 【 C6】 （ A） that （ B） where （ C） it （ D） what 22 【 C7】 （ A） however （ B） whereas （ C） on the contrary （ D） when 23 【 C8】 （ A） compensate （ B） make up （

17、C） replenish （ D） refill 24 【 C9】 （ A） take （ B） devour （ C） imbibe （ D） accept 25 【 C10】 （ A） on the other hand （ B） on the whole （ C） on another condition （ D） on another hand 26 【 C11】 （ A） session （ B） section （ C） part （ D） mouthful 27 【 C12】 （ A） dilution （ B） watering （ C） mixture （ D） thicke

18、ning 28 【 C13】 （ A） permittance （ B） allowance （ C） endurance （ D） tolerance 29 【 C14】 （ A） near （ B） before （ C） aside （ D） along 30 【 C15】 （ A） on （ B） in （ C） under （ D） with 三、 Reading Comprehension 30 Pageants are usually conceived on a fairly large scale, often under the auspices of some local

19、 or civic authority or at any rate in connection with local groups of some kind. This sometimes means that there is an allocation of funds available for the purpose of mounting the production, though unfortunately this will usually be found to be on the meager side and much ingenuity will have to be

20、 used to stretch it so that all performers can be adequately clothed. Most pageants have a historical flavor as they usually come about through the celebration of the anniversary of some event of historic importance, or the life or death of some local worthy. Research among archives and books in the

21、 public library will probably prove very useful and produce some workable ideas which will give the production an especially local flavor. From the first economy will have to be practiced because there are usually a great number of people to dress. Leading characters can be considered individually i

22、n the same way as when designing for a play; but the main body of the performers will need to be planned in groups and the massed effect must be always borne in mind. Many pageants take place in daylight in the open air. This is an entirely different problem from designing costumes which are going t

23、o be looked at under artificial lighting; for one thing, scenes viewed in the daylight are subject to many more distractions. No longer is everything around cut out by the surrounding darkness, but instead it is very easy to be aware of disturbing movement in the audience of behind the performers. V

24、ery theatrically conceived clothes do not always look their best when seen in a daylight setting of trees, verdant lawns and old ivy-covered walls; the same goes for costumes being worn in front of the mellow colors of stately homes. The location needs to be studied and then a decision can be made a

25、s to what kinds of colors and textures will harmonize best with the surroundings and conditions and then to carry this out as far as possible on the funds available. If money is available to dress the performers without recourse to their own help in the provision of items, it is best to arrange for

26、all the cutting and pinning together of the costumes to be done by one or two experienced people than to be given out to the groups and individuals for completion. When there is little or no money at all, the garments need to be reduced to the basic necessities. Cloaks and shawls become invaluable,

27、sheets and large bath towels and bath sheets are admirable for draping. Unwanted curtains and bed spreads can be cut to make tunics, robes and skirts. These are particularly valuable if they are of heavy fabrics such as velvet or chenille. Colors should be massed together so that there are contrasti

28、ng groups of dark and light, this will be found to help the visual result substantially. Crowds of people gathered together in a jumble of colors will be ground to look quite purposeless and will lack dramatic impact. The use of numbers of identical head-dresses, however simply made, are always effe

29、ctive when working with groups. If these are made of cardboard and painted boldly, the cost can be almost negligible. Helmets, hats and plumes will all make quite a show even if the costumes are only blandest or sheets cleverly draped. The same can be said of the use of banners, shields and poles wi

30、th stiff pennants and garlands anything which will help to have a unifying effect. Any kind of eye-catching device will always go with a flourish and add excitement to the scenes. 31 Which of the following is true about pageants? （ A） Pageants seldom take place in the afternoon or evening. （ B） Page

31、ants are often supported by local or civic authorities. （ C） Many pageants get abundantly funded by local companies. （ D） Most pageants are based on events of historical importance. 32 Whats the main idea of this passage? （ A） Pageants. （ B） Costumes on the stage. （ C） Costumes for pageants. （ D） Ho

32、w to arrange a pageant. 33 It can be inferred that the most important factor in costume design is_. （ A） money （ B） color （ C） harmony （ D） texture 34 Why will much ingenuity have to be required in costume design? （ A） Because pageants take place in daylight in the open air. （ B） Because different c

33、haracters require different costumes. （ C） Because the colors and textures must be in harmony with the setting. （ D） Because an allocation of the funds available is usually rather small. 35 Why do most pageants have a historical flavor? （ A） Because most pageants take place for celebration. （ B） Man

34、y pageants take place for amusement. （ C） A lot of pageants take place for religion. （ D） Because pageants usually take place for competition. 35 The British Court of Appeal has cut libel damages awarded to McDonalds, the worlds largest fast-food chain, against two penniless environment campaigners.

35、 In 1997, the High Court in London found that environmental campaigners Helen Steel, aged 34, and Dave Morris, 44, were guilty of distributing a pamphlet containing allegations against McDonalds and their fast food and its preparation. The trial lasted three years and brought to light much evidence

36、about the way McDonalds hamburger chain workers prepared, handled and served food, and the treatment of these workers by the American-owned company. The High Court in London awarded McDonalds damages of 60, 000 pounds(RMB 780, 000)against the two penniless campaigners. But in 1999, three Appeal Cour

37、t Judges in London decided that the two defendants found guilty of libel against McDonalds in 1997 would have the damages they have to pay to McDonalds reduced to 40, 000 pounds(RMB 520, 000). While upholding the libel ruling, the judges backed the defendants claim the food carries health risks and

38、said allegations McDonalds workers suffer poor pay and conditions are “ fair comment“. The judges also backed a claim by the defendants that eating the companys hamburgers can cause heart disease. The claim that “if one eats enough McDonalds food, ones diet may well become high in fat. with the very

39、 real risk of heart disease, is justified,“ said Lord Justice Pill, who was sitting in the Court of Appeal with Lord Justice May and Justice Keene. The appeal decision is likely to be a further embarrassment to McDonalds, whose three-year action against environmental campaigners Helen Steel and Dave

40、 Morris generated extensive negative publicity. Peter Backman, chief executive of Food Service Intelligence, a research group, said, “McDonalds is very conscious of what people say about them. They have got where they have by listening to consumers. I think their strategy will be to downplay the rul

41、ing, refute the comments, and thirdly, to do something about it.“ McDonalds said it welcomed the Court of Appeal decision to uphold the 1997 libel ruling. The company faces another $200,000 legal bill for the 23-day appeal hearing. Steel and Morris were to take the case to the House of Lords and the

42、 European Court of Human Rights to appeal against the damages awarded against them. They present much of their cases themselves and any lawyers fees are largely paid for by donations. The pair have yet to win court backing for claims that McDonalds damages the environment, or that there are links be

43、tween its hamburgers, cancer and food poisoning. The fast-food chain has not yet recovered a penny of its original libel award from the defendants, who are refusing to hand over any money. 36 One benefit of the long trial was that_. （ A） McDonalds become more famous after that （ B） people knew a lot

44、 about the food processing in McDonalds （ C） the way McDonalds treated its workers has been improved （ D） the government got a sum of money from it 37 In 1999, three Appeal Court Judges supported the claims made by the defendants EXCEPT that_. （ A） the food of McDonalds bears health risks （ B） McDon

45、alds workers are not paid well （ C） McDonalds hamburgers will lead to heart disease （ D） McDonalds caused much environmental pollution 38 Why is McDonalds not satisfied with the result of 1999? （ A） Because it has to face another $200, 000 legal bill. （ B） Because it was wrongly treated by the Appea

46、l Court Judges. （ C） Because the result will make McDonalds further lose face. （ D） Because the Court announced the two defendants innocent of libel. 39 What Peter Backman said can be best described as_. （ A） conclusive （ B） suggestive （ C） instructive （ D） subjective 40 What can be inferred from th

47、e passage? （ A） The two defendants will win the case in the end. （ B） People are sympathetic with the two defendants. （ C） McDonalds food will inevitably lead to heart disease. （ D） People will refuse to eat McDonalds food. 40 Although Chopin later attended the Lyceum where his father taught, his ea

48、rly training began at home. This included receiving piano lessons from his mother. By the age of six, Chopin was creating original pieces, showing innate prodigious musical ability. His parents arranged for the young Chopin to take piano instruction from Wojciech Zywny. When Chopin was sixteen, he a

49、ttended the Warsaw Conservatory of Music, directed by composer Joseph Eisner, like Zywny, who insisted on the traditional training associated with Classical music but allowed his students to investigate the more original imaginations of the Romantic style as well. As often happened with the young musicians of both the Classical and Romantic Periods, Chopin was sent to Vienna, the unq