[外语类试卷]中国科学院考博英语模拟试卷1及答案与解析.doc

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1、中国科学院考博英语模拟试卷 1及答案与解析 一、 Structure and Vocabulary 1 The chairman of the company said that new techniques had _ improved their production efficiency. （ A） violently （ B） severely （ C） extremely （ D） radically 2 The local authorities realized the need to make _ for elderly people in their housing prog

2、rammes. （ A） preparation （ B） requirement （ C） specification （ D） provision 3 The guest team was beaten by the host team 2 _ 4 in last years CFA Cup Final. （ A） over （ B） in （ C） to （ D） against 4 The police let him go, because they didnt find him guilty _ the murder. （ A） of （ B） in （ C） over （ D）

3、on 5 As a developing country, we must keep _ with the rapid development of the world economy. （ A） move （ B） step （ C） speed （ D） pace 6 Many people are _ to insect bites, and some even have to go to hospital. （ A） insensitive （ B） allergic （ C） sensible （ D） infected 7 When youre driving on a motor

4、way, you must obey the signs telling you to get into the right _ . （ A） way （ B） track （ C） road （ D） lane 8 The motorist had to _ to avoid knocking the old woman down in the middle of the road. （ A） swerve （ B） twist （ C） depart （ D） swing 9 In winter drivers have trouble stopping their cars from _

5、 on icy roads. （ A） skating （ B） skidding （ C） sliding （ D） slipping 10 This project would _ a huge increase in defense spending. （ A） result （ B） assure （ C） entail （ D） accomplish 11 The chances of a repetition of those unfortunate events are _ in deed. （ A） distant （ B） slim （ C） unlikely （ D） na

6、rrow 12 We should make a clear _ between “competent“ and “proficient“ for the purposes of our discussion. （ A） separation （ B） division （ C） distinction （ D） difference 13 In the present economic _ we can make even greater progress than previously. （ A） air （ B） mood （ C） area （ D） climate 14 Rite o

7、f Passage is a good novel by any standards; _ , it should rank high on any list of science fiction. （ A） consistently （ B） consequently （ C） invariably （ D） fortunately 15 The diversity of tropical plants in the region represents a seemingly _ source of raw materials, of which only a few have been u

8、tilized. （ A） exploited （ B） controversial （ C） inexhaustible （ D） remarkable 16 While he was in Beijing, he spent all his time _ some important museums and buildings. （ A） visiting （ B） traveling （ C） watching （ D） touting 17 You must let me have the annual report without _ by ten oclock tomorrow m

9、orning. （ A） failure （ B） hesitation （ C） trouble （ D） fall 18 As the director cant come to the reception, Im representing the company_. （ A） on his account （ B） on his behalf （ C） for his part （ D） in his interest 19 Dreams are _ in themselves, but, when combined with other data, they can tell us m

10、uch about the dreamer. （ A） uninformative （ B） startling （ C） harmless （ D） uncontrollable 20 During the famine, many people were _ to going without food for days. （ A） sunk （ B） reduced （ C） forced （ D） declined 二、 Cloze 20 Depending on whether you believe in principle or the art of the possible, t

11、he United Nations new proposal for the future of Western Sahara is either a betrayal or a dogged【 21】 at a settlement. It suggests that for the next four years Western Sahara should be a part of Morocco【 22】 will【 23】 the Moroccan flag and【 24】 the Moroccan constitution, but at the same time it will

12、 be“ autonomous“. After four years there may-but only may-be a referendum to decide whether it stays Moroccan or becomes a separate state. Morocco invaded this comer of north-west Africa in 1975 when the old colonial power, Spain, was preparing to【 25】 out. The International Court of Justice ruled t

13、he Moroccan occupation【 26】 , and a nasty little war ensued between Morocco and an independence movement, the Polisario Front. They signed a【 27】 in 1991 ,and agreed to a vote on the future of the territory,【 28】 by the UN. Instead of grinding【 29】 an appeals procedure, or declaring Morocco to be in

14、【 30】 , the UN now appears to have decided to abandon the whole exercise. The result may be virtually to hand the country【 31】 to Morocco. The new plan, drawn up by James Baker, a former American secretary of state,【 32】that the agreed list of voters should elect an executive that will.【 33】 the cou

15、ntrys internal affairs for the next four years. 【 34】 ,this executive will be responsible to an assembly elected by all adults now living in the territory, most of【 35】 are pro-Moroccan. After four years the assembly will appoint a new executive. Morocco will also appoint the judges and be responsib

16、le for law and order during the transition. （ A） attempt （ B） effort （ C） try （ D） endeavor （ A） where （ B） that （ C） in which （ D） what （ A） fly （ B） be flied （ C） flying （ D） flied （ A） by （ B） in （ C） at （ D） under （ A） drag （ B） draw （ C） pull （ D） haul （ A） legally （ B） illegally （ C） conventio

17、nally （ D） unconventionally （ A） contract （ B） peace （ C） ceasefire （ D） treaty （ A） controlled （ B） overseen （ C） supervised （ D） administrated （ A） through （ B） by （ C） in （ D） at （ A） failure （ B） default （ C） irresponsibility （ D） responsibility （ A） over （ B） in （ C） down （ D） on （ A） offers （

18、B） advises （ C） intends （ D） proposes （ A） manipulate （ B） rule （ C） control （ D） run （ A） Moreover （ B） However （ C） Therefore （ D） Hence （ A） whom （ B） that （ C） which （ D） who 三、 Reading Comprehension 35 In addition to redistributing incomes, inflation may affect the total real income and product

19、ion of the community. An increase in prices is usually associated with high employment. In moderate inflation, industries are operating efficiently and output is near capacity. There is a great deal of private investment and jobs are plentiful. Such has been the historical pattern. Thus many busines

20、s persons and union leaders, in evaluating a little deflation and a little inflation, consider the latter to be the lesser of two evils. In mild inflation, the losses to fixed-income groups are usually less than gains to the rest of the community. Even worker with relatively fixed wages are often be

21、tter off because of improved employment opportunities and greater take-home pay, a rise in interest rates on new securities may partly compensate for any losses to creditor, and increases in pension benefits may partly make losses to retirees. In deflation, on the other hand, the growing unemploymen

22、t of labor and capital causes the communitys total well-being to be less; so in a sense, the gainers get less than the losers lose. As a matter of fact, in a depression, or a time of severe deflation, almost everyone suffers, including the creditor who is left with uncollectible debts. For these rea

23、sons as increase in consumption of investment spending is considered good in times of unemployment, even if this tends to increase prices slightly. When the economic system is suffering from severe depression, few people will criticize private or public spending on the ground that this might be infl

24、ationary. Actually, most of this increased spending will increase production and create jobs. once, full employment and full plant capacity have been reached, however, any further increases in spending are likely to be completely wasted in prices increase. 36 “Historical patterns“ mentioned in the p

25、assage means that in mild inflation _ . （ A） there will be more production and employment （ B） private investment will be moderate and peoples income influenced （ C） the bad effects of the two evils will be associated with each other （ D） industrial revolution made men and women more equal 37 Which

26、of the following happens if there is mild inflation? （ A） Everyone loses because of the increase of prices. （ B） Retired people do experience any influence. （ C） Creditors gain rather than lose with a rise in interest rates. （ D） Some people gain more while other lose. 38 In times of inflation _ . （

27、 A） people like private or public investment （ B） there is usually full plant capacity （ C） creditors suffer more than other people （ D） everyone suffers and no one gains 39 The authors attitude towards investment is that _ . （ A） the more the investment, the better the economy （ B） private investme

28、nt is better than public investment （ C） investment should be set to a limit （ D） investment at the time of inflation is considered better than at the time of deflation 40 Which of the following is clearly the authors own opinion? （ A） The lesser of the two evils is not deflation but inflation. （ B）

29、 Peoples income is influenced by both inflation and deflation. （ C） Investment is good in times of deflation and unemployment. （ D） Private and public investment can cause inflation during deflation. 41 From the article we can see that the inflation can affect following except _ . （ A） Price （ B） Em

30、ployment （ C） Social wealth （ D） Capacity 41 Perhaps all criminals should be required to carry cards which read: Fragile; Handle with Care. It will never so, these days to go around referring to criminals as violent thugs. You must refer to them politely as “social misfits“. The professional killer

31、who wouldnt think twice about using his club or knife to batter some harmless old lady to death in order to rob her of her meager life-savings must never be given a dose of his own medicine. He is in need of “hospital treatment“. According to his misguided defenders, society is to blame. A wicked so

32、ciety breeds evil-or so the argument goes. When you listen to this kind of talk, it makes you wonder why we arent all criminals. We have done away with the absurdly harsh laws of the nineteenth century and this is only right. But surely enough is enough. The most senseless piece of criminal legislat

33、ion in Britain and a number of other countries has been the suspension of capital punishment. The violent criminal has become akin of hero-figure in our time. He is glorified on the screen; he is pursued by the press and paid vast sums of money for his “memoirs“. Newspapers which specialize in crime

34、 reporting enjoy enormous circulations and the publishers of trashy cops and robbers stories or “murder mysteries“ have never had it so good. When you read about the achievements of the great train robbers, it makes you wonder whether you are reading about the some glorious resistance movement. The

35、hardened criminal is cuddled and cosseted by the sociologists on the one hand and adored as a hero by the masses on the other. Its no wonder he is a privileged person who expects and receives VIP treatment wherever he goes. Capital punishment used to be a major deterrent. It made the violent robber

36、think twice before pulling the trigger. It gave the cold-blooded poisoner something to ponder about while he was shaking up or serving his arsenic cocktail. It prevented unarmed policemen from being killed while pursuing their duty by killers armed with automatic weapons. Above all, it protected the

37、 most vulnerable members of society, young children, from brutal violence. It is horrifying to think that the criminal can literally get away with murder. We all know that “life sentence“ does not mean what it says. After ten years or so of good comfortably, thank you, on the proceeds of his crime,

38、of he will go on committing offences until he is caught again. People axe always willing to hold liberal views at the expense of others. Its always fashionable to pose as the defender of under-dog, so long as you, personally, remain unaffected. Did the defenders of crime, one wonders, in their desir

39、e for fair-play, consult the victims before they suspended capital punishment? Hardly. You see, they couldnt, because all the victims were dead. 42 What is the main idea of the text? （ A） Society is to blame for the rising crime. （ B） All the criminals are to be sympathized. （ C） Crime defenders hav

40、e done a lot for criminals. （ D） Severe punishment should be used to prevent crime. 43 In the authors opinion, all the following are to blame for crime EXCEPT _ . （ A） society （ B） the criminals themselves （ C） the suspension of life sentence （ D） the defenders role 44 The word “deterrent“ (Line I,

41、Para. 3) most probably means“ _ “. （ A） threat （ B） delay （ C） determination （ D） hindrance 45 What is the tone of the text? （ A） Critical. （ B） Cynical. （ C） Ironic. （ D） Humorous. 46 What is the authors attitude toward capital punishment? （ A） Negative. （ B） Sympathetic. （ C） Supportive. （ D） Neut

42、ral. 47 From third passage we can see that _. （ A） Capital punishment is really effective （ B） Capital punishment may work （ C） Capital punishment （ D） Capital punishment is sure to protect the policeman in other hand 47 The gravitational pull of the Earth and moon is important to us as we attempt t

43、o conquer more and more of outer-space. Heres why. As a rocket leaves the Earth, the pull of the Earth on it becomes less and less as the rocket roars out into space. If you imagine a line between the Earth the pull of the Earth and the moon, there is a point somewhere along that line, nearer to the

44、 moon than to the Earth, at which the gravitation pull of both the Earth and the moon on an object is just about equal. An object placed on the moon side of that point would be drawn to the moon. An object placed on the Earth side of that point would be drawn to the Earth. Therefore, a rocket need b

45、e sent only to this “point of no return“ in order to get it to the moon. The moons gravity will pull it the rest of the way. The return trip of the rocket to Earth is, in some ways, less of a problem. The Earths gravitational field reaches far closer to the moon than does the moons to Earth. Thus it

46、 will be necessary to fire an Earthbound rocket only a few thousand miles away from the moon to reach a point where the rocket will drift to earth under the Earths gravitational pull. The problem of rocket travel is not so much concerned with getting the rocket into space as it is with guiding the r

47、ocket after it leaves the Earths surface. Remember that the moon is constantly circling the Earth. A rocket fired at the moon and continuing in the direction in which it was fired would miss the moon by a wide margin and perhaps continue to drift out into space until “captured“ in another planets gr

48、avitational field. to reach the moon, a rocket must be fired toward the point where the moon will be when the rocket has traveled the required distance. This requires precise calculations of the speed and direction of the rocket and of the speed and direction of the moon. For a rocket to arrive at a

49、 point where the moons gravity will pull it the rest of the way, it must reach a speed called velocity of escape. This speed is about 25, 000 miles per hour. At a speed less than this, a rocket will merely circle the Earth in an orbit and eventually fall back to Earth. 48 This passage deals mainly with _ . （ A） the gravitational pull of the Earth and the moon （ B） the factors involved in firing a rocket into the outer