[外语类试卷]2007年10月中国科学院考博英语真题试卷及答案与解析.doc

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1、2007年 10月中国科学院考博英语真题试卷及答案与解析 一、 Structure and Vocabulary 1 American women were_the right to vote until 1920 after many years of hard struggle. （ A） ignored （ B） denied （ C） refused （ D） neglected 2 The poor mother lacked her husbands capacity for discipline, and found herself_her headstrong （ A） aga

2、inst the will of （ B） in the way of （ C） at the mercy of （ D） in terms of 3 Changing from solid to liquid, water takes in heat from all substances near it, and this_produces artificial cold surrounding it. （ A） absorption （ B） dissemination （ C） assimilation （ D） interaction 4 I want to know if I ne

3、ed to complete a FAFSA form in order to be_for any type of financial aid. （ A） eligible （ B） competent （ C） proper （ D） legitimate 5 What an outrageous suggestion, young manIm a_married woman! （ A） respecting （ B） respected （ C） respectful （ D） respective 6 Her ease has attracted an enormous_of publ

4、ic sympathy. （ A） sum （ B） deal （ C） amount （ D） number 7 _couples generally share the same values and have similar lifestyles and goals. （ A） Consistent （ B） Amiable （ C） Sympathetic （ D） Compatible 8 I cannot thank you_much for your kindness, for I owe my success to you. （ A） so （ B） very （ C） too

5、 （ D） as 9 Written primarily for a specialized but diverse body of scholars, this book_the attention of those interested in seventeenth-century English literature. （ A） warrants （ B） proposes （ C） acclaims （ D） distills 10 The most significant measure we should take to stop terrorists is to_them of

6、material and moral support from within the country. （ A） squeeze （ B） eliminate （ C） prevent （ D） deprive 11 The stream overflowed and the flood_all of the farmland in the area. （ A） submerged （ B） sank （ C） soaked （ D） stripped 12 Powell calls for drawdown from Iraq by mid-200His comments break his

7、 long public silence on the issue and place him_with the administration. （ A） at will （ B） at ease （ C） at times （ D） at odds 13 We cannot be_the choices that our children are going to make, even though we have contributed to those choices. （ A） subject to （ B） susceptible to （ C） accountable for （

8、D） crazy about 14 Its easier to dismiss reports of low employee morale than face the facts and act_. （ A） consequently （ B） accordingly （ C） successfully （ D） excessively 15 She took a(n)_to the house as soon as she saw it （ A） preference （ B） affection （ C） attention （ D） fancy 16 He always include

9、d something above the understanding of his hearers in order to prevent them from becoming _and to stimulate their desire to learn more. （ A） pessimistic （ B） complacent （ C） perplexed （ D） complicated 17 The students on the school bus were_for half an hour in the traffic so all of them were late for

10、 class that morning. （ A） held up （ B） kept off （ C） taken back （ D） put off 18 This special committee was established for well-integrated members of the society and not for_individuals. （ A） marginal （ B） minor （ C） eccentric （ D） distinctive 19 In the past, competition for jobs caused different_gr

11、oups to be hostile toward each other. （ A） sexist （ B） ethnic （ C） gracious （ D） classic 20 The old musician decided to move to her country home_her advanced age and poor health. （ A） with regard to （ B） by virtue of （ C） on account of （ D） at the verge of 二、 Reading Comprehension 20 Celebrate. Cele

12、brate. Physicians are delighted with a Food and Drug Administration (FDA) advisory panels recommendation earlier this year that Vioxx and its cousins Bextra and Celebrex (all medicines known as Cox-2 inhibitors) should remain on the market, despite evidence they increase heart disease risk in some p

13、eople. The panelists reached their decision after weighing all the data and concluding the benefits of these pain-relieving drugs outweighed the risks. Specifically .these scientists acknowledged that, for some patients, these prescription drugs were uniquely effective in reducing pain from arthriti

14、s and other causes. For othersconcerned about ulcers associated with aspirin and other OTC analgesicsthe Cox-2 inhibitors offered the advantage of minimizing potentially serious effects of stomach irritation. Now is an appropriate time for everyone to take a fresh look at the benefit-risk equation f

15、or Vioxx and the other Cox-2 inhibitors. The risks-increased risk of heart disease in some who use the drugs-have been well publicized. Much less publicity has been given to a spectrum of real and potential benefits that go way beyond reduced risk of stomach irritation. These little-discussed benefi

16、ts would have been lost, perhaps permanentlyhad Vioxx, Bextra and Celebrex been driven from shelves in pursuit of perfect safety, an unattainable goal. For example, there is substantial evidence Cox-2 inhibitors can reduce development of colon polyps, which may become colon cancer. Indeed, Celebrex

17、is FDA-approved for those genetically prone to colon cancer. Ironically, the 2004 study that revealed the elevated heart attack risk of Vioxx was primarily designed to further establish the drugs effectiveness in protecting against colon cancer. And while the results of that interrupted trial have n

18、ot yet been published, there is good reason to believe they will confirm the protective effects against colon cancer established in research over the last 10 years. At the time of its withdrawal from the market last fall, studies of Vioxx as well as the other Cox-2 drugs suggest ted they had other a

19、nti-cancer properties as well, possibly reducing the risk of malignancies of a number of sites, including the lung and esophagus. Had these drugs been dismissed, their untapped promise for prevention would have evaporated well before it was evaluated and applied to save lives. Fortunately, cooler an

20、d wiser heads prevailed. 21 The FDA advisory panel recommends that Cox-2 inhibitors should be_. （ A） given clinic test （ B） taken with great caution （ C） used to treat heart problems （ D） made available to the patients 22 What does the passage say about Cox-2 inhibitors? （ A） They could prevent arth

21、ritis. （ B） Their functions have been exaggerated. （ C） They could relieve some stomach problems. （ D） Their risks and benefits are identical. 23 Cox-2 inhibitors were once banned from the market because they were found to increase the risk of triggering _. （ A） colon cancer （ B） stomach problems （

22、C） heart disease （ D） genetic problems 24 The possible benefits of Cox-2 inhibitors_. （ A） could hardly outweigh their risks （ B） should be thoroughly studied （ C） will show in curing stomachaches （ D） may well be found in a much wider area 25 The primary purpose of the 2004 study about Vioxx was to

23、_. （ A） confirm its power in cancer-prevention （ B） see if it protects against cancer for sure （ C） reveal its potential risks in causing heart attack （ D） interrupt the research focusing on its drawbacks 26 When Cox-2 inhibitors were banned from sale, _. （ A） no research had been done about their e

24、ffects （ B） some studies demonstrated their usefulness （ C） their risks were not well known to the public （ D） some patients complained about the decision 26 Oxford and Cambridge University Boat Clubs have both taken the opportunity to travel to Spain this month to train in less testing weather cond

25、itions than those which have, quite literally, already blown around the UK in January of 2007. Each group of athletes has been focused on training to the maximum, working on technique and molding themselves into two potential fighting units per Club for the 2007 Boat Race, sponsored by Xchanging. On

26、e set will be in the Blue Boat for each club and one set will race as reserves in Isis, for Oxford, and Goldie, for Cambridge. In these modern times, the Head Coach for each club has a huge input on selection even though the crew is still named by the President Just twenty years ago the balance was

27、not quite the same. The year 1987 will always be remembered in the history of this great Race as the year of the“ mutiny“ at Oxford. It is a tale which has since been retold and reworked in both a book and a movie. This was the season for which mature Scottish student, Donald Macdonald, was elected

28、President, having all ready won a Blue in 1986. Macdonald re-appointed Daniel Topolski (now a renowned rowing journalist and broadcaster) as Chief Coach. Part of the 1986/87 squad at Oxford included American Chris Clark, now a coach at an American University , and four fellow US internationals. Alle

29、gedly, a split appeared in the squad between the American quintet, all experienced and leading oarsmen, and those rowers closest to Macdonald. The Scots group were happy to follow Topolskis regime whilst the others were not so sure. Following a contentious seat racing trial in January of 1987, Topol

30、ski decided to move Clark to the bow-side of the beat Clark disagreed. Topolski held firm. As a result Clark and his “group“ within the squad decided not to row and sought a takeover. The squabble was played out extensively in the UK national media and caught the public imagination. Macdonald sought

31、 support from the college captains and eventually won a vote of confidence by 28 votes to 11. Without the Americans, the Oxford crew was immediately considered a lost cause. Cambridge were overwhelming favorites to win. As it turned out, though, this was a Race which would prove why sport, and parti

32、cularly The Boat Race, can be so fascinating. 27 It can be inferred that “Isis“ and “Goldie“ are the names of two_. （ A） places （ B） teams （ C） races （ D） clubs 28 According to the passage, in crew-naming, the President_. （ A） has no influence in the Head Coachs opinion （ B） gives little care to the

33、 idea of the Head Coach （ C） used to be the only one to make decisions （ D） had greater say 20 years ago than today 29 The boldfaced word“ quintet“ in Paragraph 7 refers to_. （ A） three people （ B） four people （ C） five people （ D） six people 30 The split seemed to be caused by the disagreement betw

34、een_. （ A） Topolski and Clark （ B） Macdonald and Clark （ C） Macdonald and Topolski （ D） the Scottish students and the American oarsmen 31 Macdonald had to seek support from the college captains because_. （ A） the public imagined he was not competent to command his crew （ B） the Chief Coach Topolski

35、lost the experienced American oarsmen （ C） the Oxford crew was unlikely to win the Race without the Americans （ D） the Americans would leave the squad unless they were to lead it 32 From the last paragraph we can draw the conclusion that_. （ A） Oxford won the Boat Race （ B） Cambridge won the Boat Ra

36、ce （ C） the Boat Race ended in a tie （ D） the Boat Race was cancelled 32 It was two years ago today that the hunting ban came into force, supposedly ending centuries of tradition. However, the law has been an unmitigated failurenot that either side is shouting about it It was a nightmare vision that

37、 struck fear and loathing into the hearts of millions. When the hunting ban became law, it was said, 16, 000 people would lose their jobs, thousands of hounds would be put down, rotting carcasses would litter the countryside, hedgerows would disappear, riders would face on-the-spot fines, law-abidin

38、g people from doctors to barristers would be dragged from their horses and carted off to prison, while dog owners would be prosecuted if their mutt caught a rabbit These were just some of the claims as desperate countryside campaigners battled to save their sport in the leadup to the hunting ban, wh

39、ich Labour rammed into law using the Parliament Act on November 18, 2004. For many, the fears were real. Others exaggerated as they fought an increasingly aggressive anti-hunting lobby which had rejected acres of independent evidence affirming that hunting is the most humane way of killing foxes. In

40、 the battle to “fight prejudice, fight the ban“ .every emotive argument was deployed. For its part, the anti-hunting brigade extravagantly claimed that the ban would put an end to the rich parading in red jackets. A senior Labour MP, Peter Bradley, admitted in this newspaper that it was, as many sus

41、pected, about “class war“. He lost his seat shortly afterwards. But people in red coats did not disappear. In fact, none of the forecasts came true. What did happen was something nobody had predicted; the spectacular revival and growth of hunting with hounds. In short, the hunting ban has been a fai

42、lure. Today, on the second anniversary of the bans coming into force on February 18, 2005, new figures show that participation in the sport has never been higher. It is so cheerful that two new packs have been formed, something that has not happened for centuries. They include the seductively named

43、Private Pack, set up by the financier Roddy Fleming in Gloucestershire. It operates on an invitation-only basis, a sort of hunting private members club. This can only mean one thing: like it or not, hunting is cool. Young people are taking it up, enticed by the element of rebellion and the mystique

44、of what actually happens as hunts attempt to keep within the law. 33 The hunting ban has been a complete failure because_. （ A） the hunting has never been stopped but has instead flourished （ B） the government has been short of hands to enforce the law （ C） the law makers failed to see hunting as a

45、long-time tradition （ D） the ban aimed to protect the interests of the upper-class only 34 Those who break the hunting ban would_. （ A） lose their jobs （ B） bring shame to their fellow people （ C） have to kill their horses and dogs （ D） face either fines or imprisonment 35 The anti-hunting lobby hel

46、d that_. （ A） fox-hunting was an expression of prejudice （ B） the countryside campaigners were reasonable （ C） the theory of humane killing did not hold water （ D） the hunters exaggerated the dreadful scene of hunting 36 What does the author think of the hunting campaigners position? （ A） It was unk

47、nowingly biased. （ B） It was emotionally charged. （ C） It was increasingly militant （ D） It was certainly powerful. 37 By saying“ people in red coats did not disappear, “the author implied that_. （ A） the upper class won the“ war“ （ B） Bradley deserved his fate （ C） the hunting ban did not work （ D）

48、 the hunting ban was untimely 38 As a result of the ban, _. （ A） hunting activities have become more secretive （ B） people have become more curious about hunting （ C） citizens have become more confused by the law （ D） the country tradition has been radically shaken 38 In a recent survey, Garber and

49、Holtz concluded that the average half-hour childrens television show contains 47 violent acts. When asked about the survey network television executive Jean Pater responded. “ I sure as heck don t think that Bugs Bunny s pouring a glass of milk over a chipmunks head is violence. “ Unfortunately, both Garber and Holtz and Pater beg the question. The real issue is whether children view such