[外语类试卷]2010年3月中国科学院考博英语真题试卷及答案与解析.doc

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1、2010年 3月中国科学院考博英语真题试卷及答案与解析 一、 Structure and Vocabulary 1 Because of_ reviews, the producer announced that the play will close with tonights performance. （ A） adjacent （ B） adequate （ C） adhesive （ D） adverse 2 Please dont interrupt me. If you have something to say, _your comment until I have finish

2、ed speaking. （ A） withdraw （ B） wither （ C） withhold （ D） withstand 3 The organ transplant community has_humans and monkeys for ethical reasons. （ A） knocked out （ B） bailed out （ C） pointed out （ D） ruled out 4 Did the entertainer prepare his jokes before the program, or_them as he went along? （ A）

3、 envisage （ B） visualize （ C） improvise （ D） mediate 5 This_is a national prize and is awarded for the best score by a player under 16 years of age. （ A） trophy （ B） treat （ C） trifle （ D） tribute 6 Editors do think explicitly about timing and they are not motivated merely to be the first to print a

4、n exciting news story: they keep stories until the time is_. （ A） prompt （ B） ripe （ C） enough （ D） punctual 7 His short_in the living room had been long enough to keep him awake now. （ A） dove （ B） dose （ C） dole （ D） doze 8 Suddenly one of the leaves begins to fly in a strong wind; the leaf is rea

5、lly no leaf at allits an insect_as a leaf. （ A） masked （ B） disguised （ C） repressed （ D） assumed 9 Some children have amazed the world since their birth with their incredible intellect and abilities which can at times even_the brightest of adults. （ A） outdo （ B） overtake （ C） contend （ D） enhance

6、10 When buying food, consumers are usually in a hurry, so they dont often_descriptions for motivating them to make a choice. （ A） cover up （ B） get in （ C） go after （ D） linger over 11 Millions of people died in the 14th century as the result of a (an) _known as the Black Death. （ A） epidemic （ B） a

7、ntibiotics （ C） pharmacy （ D） contamination 12 While this arrangement was a major improvement over its _, it still had drawbacks. （ A） premium （ B） prevalence （ C） premise （ D） predecessor 13 The prime ministers proposal for new taxes created such a(n) _that his government fell. （ A） sensation （ B）

8、upheaval （ C） withdrawal （ D） outbreak 14 _sleep is crucial to the health of adults, new research suggests that lack of sleep may affect teens health, too. （ A） Just as （ B） As long as （ C） Despite that （ D） No matter how 15 He plans to_hand surgery until September in hopes of winning his first gold

9、 medal in the Beijing Olympics. （ A） hold forth （ B） hold out （ C） hold off （ D） hold down 16 To_American dollars into foreign currency, multiply the amount by the rate of exchange. （ A） compute （ B） convey （ C） convict （ D） convert 17 The step was announced by the Secretary of State in person and g

10、iven maximum_. （ A） publication （ B） publicity （ C） propaganda （ D） promotion 18 It is only with further evolution and refinement that health plan report cards can _their potential and become a distinctive and useful tool. （ A） shed light on （ B） put up with （ C） look forward to （ D） live up to 19 I

11、n my twenties, I was_to anxiety and depression, which I experienced as a depletion of my self-esteem. （ A） inclined （ B） accountable （ C） prone （ D） poised 20 Teachers complain that children_these tests without being able to write a decent essay, solve a multi-step math problem or construct a framew

12、ork. （ A） look through （ B） carry through （ C） sail through （ D） put through 二、 Cloze 20 Time for another global-competitiveness alert. In the Third International Mathematics and Science Studywhich last year tested a half-million students in 41 countriesAmerican eighth graders【 C1】 _below the world

13、average in math. And thats not even【 C2】 _part. Consider this as you try to【 C3】 _which countries will dominate the technology markets of the 21st century: the top 10 percent of Americas math students scored about the same as the average kid in the global【 C4】_, Singapore. It isnt exactly a news fla

14、sh these days【 C5】 _Americans score behind the curve on international tests. But educators say this study is【 C6】 _because it monitored variables both inside and outside the classroom. Lazinessthe factor often【 C7】_for Americans poor performanceis not the culprit here. American students【 C8】 _spend

15、more time in class than pupils in Japan and Germany. 【 C9】_, they get more homework and watch the same amount of TV. The problem, educators say, is not the kids but a curriculum that is too【 C10】 _. The study found that lessons for U. S. eighth graders contained topics mastered by seventh graders in

16、 other countries. Teachers actually agree that Americans need to【 C11】 _their kids to more sophisticated math earlier. Unfortunately, experts say, the teachers dont recognize that【 C12】 _these concepts are taught is as important as the concepts themselves. Most educators rely【 C13】 _on textbooks and

17、 rote learning (死记硬背 ). While many textbooks cover【 C14】 _ideas, most do so superficially,【 C15】_students with the techniques but not the mastery of the broader principles. 21 【 C1】 （ A） recorded （ B） gained （ C） climbed （ D） scored 22 【 C2】 （ A） the least （ B） the worst （ C） the less （ D） the worse

18、 23 【 C3】 （ A） figure out （ B） carry out （ C） count up （ D） show up 24 【 C4】 （ A） village （ B） leader （ C） friend （ D） country 25 【 C5】 （ A） what （ B） where （ C） when （ D） that 26 【 C6】 （ A） important （ B） ineffective （ C） comparable （ D） delightful 27 【 C7】 （ A） ignored （ B） blamed （ C） exaggerated

19、 （ D） viewed 28 【 C8】 （ A） vastly （ B） accurately （ C） actually （ D） merely 29 【 C9】 （ A） To begin （ B） As is known （ C） Not only that （ D） Even so 30 【 C10】 （ A） easy （ B） small （ C） short （ D） poor 31 【 C11】 （ A） relate （ B） expose （ C） lead （ D） instruct 32 【 C12】 （ A） where （ B） why （ C） how （ D

20、） whether 33 【 C13】 （ A） hard （ B） intentionally. （ C） consequently （ D） exclusively 34 【 C14】 （ A） advanced （ B） colorful （ C） controversial （ D） ambitious 35 【 C15】 （ A） carrying （ B） leaving （ C） expecting （ D） shaping 三、 Reading Comprehension 35 Most people lie in everyday conversation when they

21、 are trying to appear likable and competent, according to a study conducted by University of Massachusetts psychologist Robert S. Feldman. The study found that lies told by men and women differ in content, though not in quantity. Feldman said the results showed that men do not lie more than women or

22、 vice versa, but that men and women lie in different ways. “Women were more likely to lie to make the person they were talking to feel good, while men lied most often to make themselves look better,“ Feldman said. A group of 121 pairs of undergraduate UMass students were recruited to participate in

23、the study. They were told that the purpose of the study was to examine how people interact when they meet someone new. Participants were told they would have a 10-minute conversation with another person. Some participants were told to try to make themselves appear likable. Others were told to appear

24、 competent. A third, control group was not directed to present themselves in any particular way. Participants were unaware that the session was being videotaped through a hidden camera. At the end of the session, participants were told they had been videotaped and consent was obtained to use the vid

25、eo-recordings for research. The students were then asked to watch the video of themselves and identify any inac-curacies in what they had said during the conversation. They were encouraged to identify all lies, no matter how big or small. Feldman said the students who participated in the study were

26、surprised at their own results. “When they were watching themselves on videotape, people found themselves lying much more than they thought they had,“ Feldman said. The lies the students told varied considerably, according to Feldman. Some were relatively minor, such as agreeing with the person with

27、 whom they were speaking that they liked someone when they really did not. Others were more extreme, such as falsely claiming to be the star of a rock band. “It so easy to lie,“ Feldman said. “We teach our children that honesty is the best policy, but we also tell them its polite to pretend they lik

28、e a birthday gift theyve been given. Kids get a very mixed message regarding the practical aspects of lying, and it has an impact on how they behave as adults. “ 36 According to Feldmans study, men and women tell lies which differ in_. （ A） the purpose to achieve （ B） the amount of time taken （ C） t

29、he place of their occurrence （ D） the people theyre meant for 37 Paragraph 2 implies that_. （ A） women wish to be unrestrained （ B） women wish to be charming （ C） men wish to be impressive （ D） men wish to be perceptive 38 Before the study of the interactions, two groups of participants were told_.

30、（ A） what they should discuss （ B） whom they should talk to （ C） how they should behave （ D） how fast they should speak 39 From the participants response to the videotape, it can be said that they could hardly_. （ A） believe they had told lies （ B） tell where they had lied （ C） agree to make the tap

31、e public （ D） tolerate their having been videotaped 40 Which word best describes the way the participants told lies, as observed by Feldman during the study? （ A） Hesitant. （ B） Natural. （ C） Embarrassed. （ D） Hasty. 41 Feldman felt that the ideas told to the children about lie-telling were very_. （

32、 A） insincere （ B） groundless （ C） irresponsible （ D） confusing 41 Modern Japan, despite its ready adoption of western manners, is in things theatrical still faithful to the ancient feudal day. It is true that within the last few years, the old school drama has to some extent lost ground, and quite

33、recently performances of Shakespeares Othello and Hamlet, and Daudets Sappho have been received with favor by Tokyo audiences. The explanation of this curious survival of the old form of play, at a time when all Japan is eagerly imitating the foreigner, is undoubtedly to be found in the peculiar cus

34、toms of the country. The progressive Japanese finds it easier to change his mode of dress than to reform habits bred in the bone. The old plays, lasting, as they formerly did, from early morning until nearly midnight, just suited the Japanese play-goer, who, when he does go to the theatre, makes an

35、all-day affair of it. Indeed, theatre-going in Japan is a very serious matter, and not to be entered upon lightly or without due preparation. Recently Sada Yoko and Oto Kawakami, who learned a good deal in their foreign travels, introduced the comparatively short evening performance of three or four

36、 hours, an innovation which was at once welcomed by the better class of people. But the new arrangement found little favor with the general public, and particular indignation was aroused in the bosom of the Japanese Matinee Girl who loves to sit in the theatre as long as possible and weep over the p

37、lay. For, to the young gentlewoman, the theatre is essentially the place for weeping. Japanese girls are extremely sentimental, and a play without tear-provoking situations would not appeal to them in the least. The Japanese women are passionately devoted to the drama. It is usual for a party to boo

38、k a box through a tea house connected with the theatre and at the same time make arrangements for what refreshments they wish served. The Japanese maiden makes the most elaborate preparations days beforehand. To be at the theatre on time, playgoers must rise with the sun, and all their meals, includ

39、ing breakfast, are eaten in the tiny box in the playhouse. It is not an easy task to reach ones seats and once the family has settled down, nothing but a catastrophe would induce it to leave its box. The women chew candy and the men freely drink sake as the play goes on. 42 Paragraph 1 stresses the

40、idea that the general public in Tokyo_. （ A） favors Shakespeares masterpieces （ B） enjoys Japanese old school drama （ C） appreciates western classic theatre （ D） likes performances of foreign styles 43 The peculiar custom of Japan is_. （ A） making progressive changes in life （ B） enjoying dressing i

41、n the latest fashion （ C） spending all day watching a drama （ D） wearing formal clothes at the theatre 44 The emphasized difference between the Japanese play form and the foreign one is in_. （ A） the length （ B） the costume （ C） the acting （ D） the innovation 45 The Japanese Matinee Girl would most

42、likely favor a play that centers on_. （ A） the childhood of a naughty boy （ B） the honeymoon of a young couple （ C） the trial of a serial murderer （ D） the misfortunes of a big family 46 As playgoers, compared with Japanese men, Japanese women seem to be all the more_. （ A） lighthearted about going

43、to the theatre （ B） emotionally involved with the play （ C） fond of eating food as the play goes （ D） experienced in booking a play ticket 47 While watching a drama in the theatre box, the family would most UNLIKELY_. （ A） go out for a drink （ B） go to the restroom （ C） chat about the actors （ D） sh

44、ow their inner feelings 47 Ever since the 1750s, when the writer, satirist, statesman and inventor Benjamin Franklin put political cartooning on the map by publishing the first cartoon of the genre in America, artists have combined their talent, wit and political beliefs to create cartoons that enra

45、ge, enlighten or simply engage the viewer. A picture may paint a thousand words, but a cartoon provokes, protests and entertains all at once. It is this that makes cartoonists so valuable and influential in times of crisis. Today, that crisis is climate change, and clever imagery can give new impetu

46、s to our struggle to combat global warming. The organizers of Earthworks 2008, a global cartoon competition, believe that art and humor are simple ways to get the environmental message across. “We set up the competition to give cartoonists around the world a platform on which to express themselves,“

47、 says John Renard, one of the Earthworks organizers. “We hoped the competition would stimulate cartoonists to use their pens and wit to help combat environmental devastation and give new impetus to our desperate fight to stop global warming,“ he says. “After all, humor is often a valuable key in the

48、 struggle to win hearts and minds. “ But despite the sharp wit that pervades the cartoons, climate change is no laughing matter for their creators. The 50 or so countries from which the 600 competition entries were sent are all suffering the effects of global warming, some more dramatically than oth

49、ers. Two cartoons were sent from Burma, where in May this year a tropical storm tore through five regions along the western coast, killing at least 100,000 people, and leaving millions more without shelter, food, or clean water. Although governments around the world are reluctant to suggest, officially, that the disaster in Burma is a