[外语类试卷]中国科学院考博英语模拟试卷19及答案与解析.doc

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1、中国科学院考博英语模拟试卷 19及答案与解析 一、 Structure and Vocabulary 1 His career _ in his appointment as director. （ A） contaminated （ B） culminated （ C） contracted （ D） contacted 2 We are convinced that we are on the _ of an important discovery. （ A） threshold （ B） household （ C） thread （ D） entrance 3 If we say so

2、mething is _, we mean that we find it extremely pleasant or enjoyable. （ A） gracious （ B） gloomy （ C） gigantic （ D） gorgeous 4 The trucks _ heavy goods from factories to the ports. （ A） pull （ B） haul （ C） drag （ D） push 5 The girl _ when she couldnt answered the question in the presence of all her

3、classmates. （ A） flourished （ B） flattered （ C） flushed （ D） fluttered 6 A _ translation is not always the closest to the original meaning. （ A） liberal （ B） literal （ C） literary （ D） literate 7 She _ herself bitterly for her behavior that evening. （ A） blamed （ B） accused （ C） reproached （ D） scol

4、ded 8 The students are attracted by the _ of the snow-covered mountains when they look out of the train. （ A） notability （ B） nobility （ C） majesty （ D） visibility 9 The flowers in the vase _ because they had no water. （ A） withered （ B） wrinkled （ C） ripened （ D） prospered 10 She _ some salt on her

5、 food to make it taste better. （ A） sprinkled （ B） sprayed （ C） scattered （ D） dispersed 11 The hum of conversation _ as the chairman mounted the rostrum. （ A） died out （ B） died off （ C） died of （ D） died away 12 The old man was remarkably _. He was a musician, engineer, writer and philosopher. （ A

6、） unilateral （ B） universal （ C） audacious （ D） versatile 13 Living in poverty, John sold for 500 dollars the _ of his mothers first work which made her famous. （ A） document （ B） file （ C） duplicate （ D） manuscript 14 My grandmother has been ill for two months, so her health has _. （ A） deteriorate

7、d （ B） diminished （ C） dwindled （ D） lessened 15 He didnt notice me in the crowd; but he spotted my sister who was _ because of her red hair. （ A） conscious （ B） conspicuous （ C） dim （ D） conscientious 16 The company used so much coal that it has a train to _ the delivery process. （ A） transmit （ B）

8、 transport （ C） facilitate （ D） diminish 17 Asian economic crisis has only a _ effect on the lives of Chinese people. （ A） discrete （ B） massive （ C） marginal （ D） subordinate 18 The continuous unrest was _ the nations economy. （ A） exaggerating （ B） aggravating （ C） amending （ D） fastening 19 Shoul

9、d the death penalty be _? （ A） abolished （ B） abandoned （ C） eliminated （ D） omitted 20 As ordinary people, scientists are by no means more honest or _ than other people, but as scientist, they attach special value to honest while they are in their working sphere. （ A） ethical （ B） ethnic （ C） aesth

10、etic （ D） esthetic 二、 Reading Comprehension 20 Over the past century, all kinds of unfairness and discrimination have been condemned or made illegal. But one insidious form continues to thrive: alphabetism. This, for those as yet unaware of such a disadvantage, refers to discrimination against those

11、 whose surnames begin with a letter in the lower half of the alphabet. It has long been known that a taxi firm called AAAA cars has a big advantage over Zodiac cars when customers thumb through their phone directories. Less well known is the advantage that Adam Abbott has in life over Zoe Zysman. En

12、glish names are fairly evenly spread between the halves of the alphabet. Yet a suspiciously large number of top people have surnames beginning with letters between A and K. Thus the American president and vice-president have surnames starting with B and C respectively; and 26 of George Bushs predece

13、ssors (including his father) had surnames in the first half of the alphabet against just 16 in the second half. Even more striking, six of the seven heads of government of the G7 rich countries are alphabetically advantaged (Berlusconi, Blair, Bush, Chirac, Chretien and Koizumi). The worlds three to

14、p central bankers (Greenspan, Duisenberg and Hayami) are all close to the top of the alphabet, even if one of them really uses Japanese characters. As are the worlds five richest men (Gates, Buffet, Allen, Ellison and Albrecht). Can this merely be coincidence? One theory, dreamt up in all the spare

15、time enjoyed by the alphabetically disadvantaged, is that the rot sets in early. At the start of the first year in infant school, teachers seat pupils alphabetically from the front, to make it easier to remember their names. So short-sighted Zysman junior gets stuck in the back vow, and is rarely as

16、ked the improving questions posed by those insensitive teachers. At the time the alphabetically disadvantaged may think they have had a lucky escape. Yet the result may be worse qualifications, because they get less individual attention, as well as less confidence in speaking publicly. The humiliati

17、on continues. At university graduation ceremonies, the ABCs proudly get their awards first; by the time they reach the Zysmans most people are literally having a ZZZ. Shortlists for job interviews, election ballot papers, lists of conference speakers and attendees: all tend to be drawn up alphabetic

18、ally, and their recipients lose interest as they plough through them. 21 What does the author intend to illustrate with AAA A cars and Zodiac cars? （ A） A kind of overlooked inequality. （ B） A type of conspicuous bias. （ C） A type of personal prejudice. （ D） A kind of brand discrimination. 22 What c

19、an we infer from the first three paragraphs? （ A） In both East and West, names are essential to success. （ B） The alphabet is to blame for the failure of ZoeZysman. （ C） Customers often pay a lot of attention to companies names. （ D） Some form of discrimination is too subtle to recognize. 23 The 4th

20、 paragraph suggests that _. （ A） questions are often put to the more intelligent students （ B） alphabetically disadvantaged students often escape from class （ C） teachers should pay attention to all of their students （ D） students should be seated according to their eyesight 24 What does the author

21、mean by “most people are literally having a ZZZ“ (Line 2, Paragraph 5)? （ A） They are getting impatient. （ B） They are noisily dozing off. （ C） They are feeling humiliated. （ D） They are busy with word puzzles. 25 Which of the following is true according to the text? （ A） People with surnames beginn

22、ing with N to Z are often ill-treated. （ B） VIPs in the Western world gain a great deal from alphabetism. （ C） The campaign to eliminate alphabetism still has a long way to go. （ D） Putting things alphabetically may lead to unintentional bias. 25 When it comes to the slowing economy, Ellen Spero isn

23、t biting her nails just yet. But the 47-yearold manicurist isnt cutting, filling or polishing as many nails as shed like to, either. Most of her clients spend 12 to 50 weekly, but last month two longtime customers suddenly stopped showing up. Spero blames the softening economy. “Im a good economic i

24、ndicator,“ she says. “I provide a service that people can do without when theyre concerned about saving some dollars.“ So Spero is downscaling, shopping at middle-brow Dillards department store near her suburban Cleveland home, instead of Neiman Marcus. “I dont know if other clients are going to aba

25、ndon me, too“ she says. Even before Alan Greenspans admission that Americas red-hot economy is cooling, lots of working folks had already seen signs of the slowdown themselves. From car dealerships to Gap outlets, sales have been lagging for months as shoppers temper their spending. For retailers, w

26、ho last year took in 24 percent of their revenue between Thanksgiving and Christmas, the cautious approach is coming at a crucial time. Already, experts say, holiday sales are off 7 percent from last years pace. But dont sound any alarms just yet. Consumers seem only mildly concerned, not panicked,

27、and many say they remain optimistic about the economys long-term prospects, even as they do some modest belt-tightening. Consumers say theyre not in despair because, despite the dreadful headlines, their own fortunes still feel pretty good. Home prices are holding steady in most regions. In Manhatta

28、n, “theres a new gold rush happening in the 4 million to 10 million range, predominantly fed by Wall Street bonuses,“ says broker Barbara Corcoran. In San Francisco, prices are still rising even as frenzied overbidding quiets. “Instead of 20 to 30 offers, now maybe you only get two or three,“ says J

29、ohn Tealdi, a Bay Area real-estate broker. And most folks still feel pretty comfortable about their ability to find and keep a job. Many folks sec silver linings to this slowdown. Potential home buyers would cheer for lower interest rates. Employers wouldnt mind a little fewer bubbles in the job mar

30、ket. Many consumers seem to have been influenced by stock-market swings, which investors now view as a necessary ingredient to a sustained boom. Diners might see an upside, too. Getting a table at Manhattans hot new Alain Ducasse restaurant used to be impossible. Not anymore. For that, Greenspan its

31、 future in Europe will be as a broker, banker, and distributor of goods. You send your goods by container ship to Copenhagen, and these bright, young, English-speaking, utterly honest, highly disciplined people will get your goods around to Scandinavia, the Baltic States, and Russia. Airports, seapo

32、rts, highways, and rail lines are ultramodern and well-maintained. The orderliness of the society doesnt mean that Danish lives are less messy or lonely than yours or mine, and no Dane would tell you so. You can hear plenty about bitter family feuds and the sorrows of alcoholism and about perfectly

33、sensible people who went off one day and killed themselves. An orderly society cannot exempt its members from the hazards of life. But there is a sense of entitlement and security that Danes grow up with. Certain things are yours by virtue of citizenship, and you shouldnt feel bad for taking what yo

34、ure entitled to, youre as good as anyone else. The rules of the welfare system are clear to everyone, the benefits you get if you lose your job, the steps you take to get a new one; and the orderliness of the system makes it possible for the country to weather high unemployment and social unrest wit

35、hout a sense of crisis. 31 The author thinks that Danes adopt a _ attitude towards their country. （ A） boastful （ B） modest （ C） deprecating （ D） mysterious 32 Which of the following is NOT a Danish characteristic cited in the passage? （ A） Fondness of foreign culture （ B） Equality in society （ C） L

36、inguistic tolerance （ D） Persistent planning 33 The authors reaction to the statement by the Ministry of Business and Industry is _. （ A） disapproving （ B） approving （ C） noncommittal （ D） doubtful 34 According to the passage, Danish orderliness _. （ A） sets the people apart from Germans and Swedes

37、（ B） spares Danes social troubles besetting other peoples （ C） is considered economically essential to the country （ D） prevents Danes from acknowledging existing troubles 35 At the end of the passage the author states all the following EXCEPT that _. （ A） Danes are clearly informed of their social

38、benefits （ B） Danes take for granted what is given to them （ C） the open system helps to tide the country over （ D） orderliness has alleviated unemployment 35 Richard Satava, program manager for advanced medical technologies, has been a driving force bringing virtual reality to medicine, where compu

39、ters create a “virtual“ or simulated environment for surgeons and others medical practitioners(从业者 ). “With virtual reality well be able to put a surgeon in every trench,“ said Satava. He envisaged a time when soldiers who are wounded fighting overseas are put in mobile surgical units equipped with

40、computers. The computers would transmit images of the soldiers to surgeons hack in the U.S. The surgeons would look at the soldier through virtual reality helmets(头盔 )that contain a small screen displaying the image of the wound. The doctors would guide robotic instruments in the battlefield mobile

41、surgical unit that operate on the soldier. Although Satavas vision may be years away from standard operating procedure, scientists are progressing toward virtual reality surgery. Engineers at an international organization in California are developing a tele-operating device. As surgeons watch a thre

42、e-dimensional image of the surgery, they move instruments that are connected to a computer, which passes their movements to robotic instruments that perform the surgery. The computer provides feedback to the surgeon on force, textures, and sound. These technological wonders may not yet be part of th

43、e community hospital setting but increasingly some of the machinery is finding its way into civilian medicine. At Wayne State University Medical School, surgeon Lucia Zamorano takes images of the brain from computerized scans and uses a computer program to produce a 3-D image. She can then maneuver

44、the 3-D image on the computer screen to map the shortest, least invasive surgical path to the tumor(肿瘤 ). Zamorano is also using technology that attaches a probe to surgical instruments so that she can track their positions. While cutting away a tumor deep in the brain, she watches the movement of h

45、er surgical tools in a computer graphics image of the patients brain taken before surgery. During these procedures-operations that are done through small cuts in the body in which a miniature camera and surgical tools are maneuvered-surgeons are wearing 3-D glasses for a better view. And they are co

46、mmanding robot surgeons to cut away tissue more accurately than human surgeons can. Satava says,“ We are in the midst of a fundamental change in the field of medicine.“ 36 According to Richard Satava, the application of virtual reality to medicine _. （ A） will enable surgeons to be physically presen

47、t on every battlefield （ B） can raise the spirits of soldiers wounded on the battlefield （ C） will greatly improve medical conditions on the battlefield （ D） can shorten the time for operations on soldiers wounded on the battlefield 37 Richard Satava has visions of _. （ A） using a remote-control tec

48、hnique to treat wounded soldiers fighting overseas （ B） wounded soldiers being saved by doctors wearing virtual reality helmets on the battlefield （ C） wounded soldiers being operated on by specially trained surgeons （ D） setting up mobile surgical units overseas 38 How is virtual reality surgery pe

49、rformed? （ A） It is performed by a computer-designed high precision device. （ B） Surgeons wear virtual reality helmets to receive feedback provided by a computer. （ C） Surgeons move robotic instruments by means of a computer linked to them. （ D） A 3-D image records the movements of the surgeons during the operation. 39 During virtual reality operations, the surgeon can have a better view