[外语类试卷]专业英语八级模拟试卷25及答案与解析.doc

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1、专业英语八级模拟试卷 25 及答案与解析 SECTION A MINI-LECTURE Directions: In this section you sill hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture.

2、 When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking. 0 Money in America Money is used to buy goods or services and【 1】 _debts. 【 1】_ In America, money supply co

3、nsists of【 2】 _paper 【 2】_ money, coins, and demand deposits【 3】 _ 【 3】_ In a modern credit economy, money must possess two most important attributes: acceptability and【 4】 _. It also 【 4】_ has two legal attributes: legal tender and【 5】 _ 【 5】_ Money performs four main functions: a. standard of valu

4、e; 【 6】 _; 【 6】_ c. store of value; d. standard of deferred payment. There are three partially conflicting theories of value for explaining the 【 7】 _in the value of American money, 【 7】 _ namely the commodity, quantity and income theories. Coins are credit money or【 8】 _money whereas 【 8】 _ paper m

5、oney consists of Federal Reserve notes. Demand deposits are supplied depending on a banks total【 9】 _ 【 9】_ reserves. The Federal Reserve, or Fed, as a central bank,【 10】 _and 【 10】_ controls the nations money supply and credit. 1 【 1】 2 【 2】 3 【 3】 4 【 4】 5 【 5】 6 【 6】 7 【 7】 8 【 8】 9 【 9】 10 【 10】

6、 SECTION B INTERVIEW Directions: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions. Now li

7、sten to the interview. 11 Diane Larsen-Freeman was a_ major when she was an undergraduate student. （ A） sociology （ B） psychology （ C） philosophy （ D） anthropology 12 Diane Larsen-Freeman advises new teachers to focus on_. （ A） the students （ B） class preparation （ C） class atmosphere （ D） class int

8、eraction 13 Diane Larsen-Freeman refrains from saying that some teachers are doing wrong because_ （ A） she wants to sound polite （ B） she thinks language teaching is not a right-or-wrong matter （ C） she thinks they are doing their best （ D） she believes no teaching is perfect 14 Diane Larsen-Freeman

9、 is fond of using low-tech things in class for all the following reasons EXCEPT that_. （ A） she wants to be interactive （ B） they are convenient （ C） they help to focus the learners attention （ D） she is afraid of technology 15 Diane Larsen-Freemans sons consider _to be a privilege. （ A） world trave

10、l （ B） education （ C） knowledge of the world （ D） service SECTION C NEWS BROADCAST Directions: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. At the end of each news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions. 16 There

11、are new concerns about the _ of the U.S. economic expansion. （ A） duration （ B） momentum （ C） prospect （ D） future 17 In the past _ years, the economy has been growing owing to tax cuts and Federal Reserve interest rate cuts. （ A） 2 （ B） 3 （ C） 4 （ D） 5 18 There seems to be _ the consumer spending d

12、rops. （ A） general pessimism about （ B） some doubt about （ C） different interpretations of （ D） much optimism about 19 According to the report, the contest will last _ days. （ A） one （ B） two （ C） four （ D） six 20 The chief purpose of the contest is to_ （ A） make computer users aware of hacking （ B）

13、 train hacking experts （ C） enlighten people on how to prevent computer attacks （ D） display the harms of hacking 20 1 Some consumer researchers distinguish between so-called rational motives and emotional (or non-rational) motives. In a marketing context, the term rationality implies that the consu

14、mer selects goals based on totally objective criteria, such as size, weight, price, or miles per gallon. Emotional motives imply the selection of goals according to personal or subjective criteria (the desire for individuality, pride, fear, affection and status). 2 The assumption underlying this dis

15、tinction is that subjective or emotional criteria do not maximize utility or satisfaction. However, it is reasonable to assume that consumers always attempt to select alternatives that, in their view, are to maximize satisfaction. Obviously, the assessment of satisfaction is a very personal process,

16、 based upon the individuals own need structure as well as on past behavioral, social, and learning experiences. What may appear as irrational to an outside observer may be perfectly rational within the context of the consumers own psychological field. For example, a product purchased to enhance ones

17、 self-image (such as a fragrance) is a perfectly rational form of consumer behavior. If the behavior did not appear rational to the person who undertakes it at the time that it is undertaken, obviously he or she would not do it. Therefore the distinction between rational and emotional motives does n

18、ot appear to be warranted. 3 Indeed, some researchers go so far as to suggest that emphasis on “needs“ obscures the rational, or conscious, nature of most consumer motivation. They claim that consumers act consciously to maximize their gains and minimize their losses; that they act not from subconsc

19、ious drives but from rational preferences, or what they perceive to be in their own best interests. 4 Marketers who agree with this view are reluctant to spend either time or money to uncover subconscious buyer motives. Instead, they try to identify problems that consumers experience with products t

20、hen on the market. For example, instead of trying to identify any special needs that consumers may have for dog food, the marketer will try to discover any problems that consumers are experiencing with existing brands of dog food. If the marketer discovers that many dog foods leave an unpleasant odo

21、r in the refrigerator, he or she can develop a new product that solves this consumer problem and then run advertisements that announce to dog owners that the new product does not impart unpleasant odors. Thus, rather than address consumers expressed needs, such marketers attempt to discover and solv

22、e consumers problems and thereby achieve market success. 21 According to the classification of consumer motives, _ should belong to the category of emotional motives. （ A） color （ B） durability （ C） fashion （ D） service 22 Clearly, the author of this passage is _ the distinction between rational and

23、 emotional motives. （ A） in favor of （ B） opposed to （ C） uncertain about （ D） interested in 23 The author seems to suggest getting to know _ is critical to market success. （ A） consumers problems （ B） consumers motives （ C） consumers experience （ D） consumers needs 23 1 There are various ways in wh

24、ich individual economic units can interact with one another. Three basic ways may be described as the market system, the administered system, and the traditional system. 2 In a market system individual economic units are free to interact among each other in the marketplace. It is possible to buy com

25、modities from other economic units or sell commodities to them. In a market, transactions may take place via barter or money exchange. In a barter economy, real goods such as automobiles, shorts, and pizzas are traded against each other. Obviously, finding somebody who wants to trade my old car in e

26、xchange for a sailboat may not always be an easy task. Hence the introduction of money as a medium of exchange eases transactions considerably. In the modern market economy, goods and services are bought or sold for money. 3 An alternative to the market system is administrative control by some agenc

27、y over all transactions. This agency will issue edicts or commands as to how much of each good and service should be produced, exchanged, and consumed by each economic unit. Central planning may be one way of administering such an economy. The central plan, drawn up by the government, shows the amou

28、nts of each commodity produced by the various firms and allocated to different households for consumption. This is an example of complete planning of production consumption, and exchange for the whole economy. 4 In a traditional society, production and consumption patterns are governed by tradition；

29、 every persons place within the economic system is fixed by parentage, religion, and custom. Transactions take place on the basis of tradition, too. People belonging to a certain group or caste may have an obligation to care for other persons, provide them with food and shelter, care for their healt

30、h, and provide for their education. Clearly, in a system where every decision is made on the basis of tradition alone, progress may be difficult to achieve. A stagnant society may result. 24 What is the main purpose of the passage? （ A） To outline contrasting types of economic systems. （ B） To expla

31、in the science of economics. （ C） To argue for the superiority of one economic system. （ D） To compare barter and money-exchange markets. 25 In the second paragraph, the word “real“ in “real goods“ could best be replaced by_. （ A） high quality （ B） concrete （ C） utter （ D） authentic 26 According to

32、the passage, a barter economy can lead to _. （ A） rapid speed of transaction （ B） inflation （ C） misunderstandings （ D） difficulties for the traders 27 According to the passage, _ has the greatest degree of control in an administered system. （ A） individual households （ B） major corporations （ C） sm

33、all businesses （ D） the government 28 Which of the following is not mentioned by the author as a criterion for determining a persons place in a traditional society? （ A） Family background. （ B） Religious beliefs. （ C） Age. （ D） Custom. 28 1 If Johnny cant write, one of the reasons may be conditionin

34、g based on speed rather than respect for the creative process. Speed is neither a valid test of nor a proper preparation for competence in writing. It makes for murkiness, glibness, disorganization. It takes the beauty out of the language. It rules out respect for the reflective thought that should

35、precede expression. It runs counter to the word-by-word and line-by-line reworking that enables a piece to be finely knit. 2 This is not to minimize the value of genuine facility. With years of practice, a man may be able to put down words swiftly and expertly. But it is the same kind of swiftness t

36、hat enables a cellist, after having invested years of efforts, to negotiate an intricate passage from Haydn. Speed writing is for stenographers and court reporters, not for anyone who wants to use language with precision and distinction. 3 Thomas Mann was not ashamed to admit that he would often tak

37、e a full day to write 500 words, and another day to edit them, out of respect for the most difficult art in the world. Flaubert would ponder a paragraph for hours. Did it say what he wanted it to say not approximately but exactly? Did the words turn into one another with proper rhythm and grace? Wer

38、e they artistically and securely fitted together? These questions are relevant not only for the established novelist but for anyone who attaches value to words as a medium of expression and communication. 4 E.B. White, whose respect for the environment of good writing is exceeded by no word-artist o

39、f our time, would rather have his fingers cut off than to be guilty of handling words lightly. No sculptor chipping away at a granite block in order to produce a delicate curve or feature has labored more painstakingly than White in fashioning a short paragraph. Obviously, we cant expect our schools

40、 to make every Johnny into a White or Flaubert or a Mann, but it is not unreasonable to expect more of them to provide the conditions that promote clear, careful, competent expression. Certainly the cumulative effort of the school experience should not have to be undone in later years. 29 According

41、to the passage, competence in writing is _. （ A） an art that takes practice （ B） a skill that requires dexterity （ C） a technique that is easy to learn （ D） a result of the spontaneous flow of words 30 The main purpose of the passage is to _. （ A） present an original idea （ B） describe a new process

42、 （ C） argue against an established practice （ D） comment on a skill and its techniques 31 Our schools, according to the passage, _. （ A） are providing proper conditions for good writing （ B） should not stress writing speed on a test （ C） should give essay tests rather than multiple-choice tests （ D）

43、 teach good writing primarily through reading 32 In describing White as a “word-artist“, the author means that White _. （ A） was also a cartoonist （ B） was colorful in his descriptions （ C） had artistic background （ D） was a great writer 33 It can be inferred from the passage that the author values

44、good literature primarily for its ability to_. （ A） relieve the boredom of everyday life （ B） accurately describe events as they occur （ C） prevent disorder in society （ D） communicate ideas and experience 33 1 I was leaving the office when the phone rang. 2 “John? Its Mike,“ he said. “Mike Clarke.“

45、 3 There was something broken in the sound of his voice. 4 Clarke is a Chicago guy from the Northwest Side who moved his family to a McHenry County farm because he loved the countryside. Hes the SBC worker and turkey farmer Ive written about. 5 This spring, he was charged with felonies and branded a

46、 vigilante in the local papers there. His 19-year-old son also was charged. Clarkes family was shamed. They were the subject of common talk in a small country town. 6 And what exactly was his crime? 7 Protecting his family and his neighbora frightened elderly womanfrom a hooded stranger late at nigh

47、t. 8 Clarke called 911, but witnesses say it took police almost an hour to get there. The stranger repeatedly refused to identify himself as he walked toward the Clarke home. So Clarke tackled him. Witnesses supported Clarkes account. 9 But he made a mistake. He complained that deputies did not show

48、 up on time. And they didnt like that. The trespasser wasnt charged, but Clarke was. 10 “You said theyd break me, that Id take a deal,“ he said. “Well, you were right. I took the deal.“ 11 SBC suspended Clarke without pay and wouldnt reinstate him until the charges were resolved. With no money coming in, he was threatened with the loss of his home and his dream, those few a