[外语类试卷]上海交通大学考博英语模拟试卷2及答案与解析.doc

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1、上海交通大学考博英语模拟试卷 2及答案与解析 一、 Structure and Vocabulary 1 The business was forced to close down for a period but was _ revived. （ A） successively （ B） subsequently （ C） predominantly （ D） preliminarily 2 The book might well have _ had it been less expensive. （ A） worked out （ B） gone through （ C） caught

2、on （ D） fitted in 3 We had been taken over by another firm, and a management _ was under way. （ A） clean up （ B） set up （ C） break out （ D） take out 4 The poor quality of the film mined the _ perfect product. （ A） rather （ B） much （ C） otherwise （ D） particularly 5 Ill have to _ this dress a bit bef

3、ore the wedding next week. （ A） let off （ B） let go （ C） let loose （ D） let out 6 They reached a(n) _ to keep their dispute out of the mass media. （ A） understanding （ B） acknowledgement （ C） limitations （ D） misgivings 7 After walking for hours without finding the village, we began to have _ about

4、our map. （ A） troubles （ B） fears （ C） limitations （ D） misgivings 8 If you dont want to talk to him, Ill speak to him _ . （ A） on your account （ B） on your behalf （ C） for your part （ D） in your interest 9 From the time of the Greeks to the Great War, medicine s job was simple: to struggle with _ d

5、iseases and gross disabilities, to ensure live births, and to manage pain. （ A） immortal （ B） immune （ C） lethal （ D） toxic 10 This is a market in which enterprising businesses _ for the demands of teenagers and older youths in all their rock mania and pop-art forms. （ A） cater （ B） entitle （ C） app

6、eal （ D） subject 11 Brushing removes larger particles, but dentists suggest brushing the back of the tongue as well, where food residues and bacteria _ . （ A） flourish （ B） collaborate （ C） embark （ D） congregate 12 American literary historians are perhaps _ to viewing their own national scene too n

7、arrowly, mistaking prominence for uniqueness. （ A） prone （ B） legible （ C） incompatible （ D） prior 13 To many people, a husband and wife alone do not seem a proper family-they need children to enrich the circle, to _ family character and to gather the redemptive influence of offspring. （ A） repress

8、（ B） intimidate （ C） validate （ D） confine 14 The 1982 oil and Gas Act gives power to permit the disposal of assets held by the Corporation, and _ the Corporations statutory monopoly in the supply of gas for fuel purposes so as to permit private companies to compete in this supply. （ A） defers （ B）

9、curtails （ C） triggers （ D） sparks 15 These people actively try to _ what they believe to be bad English and assiduously cultivate what they hope to be good English. （ A） suppress （ B） regress （ C） enhance （ D） revive 16 As we have seen, propaganda can appeal to us by arousing our emotions or _ our

10、attention from the real issues at hand. （ A） retaining （ B） sustaining （ C） distracting （ D） obscuring 17 He went on to say that he would go to his hometown in _ of peace. （ A） quest （ B） allowance （ C） thirst （ D） greed 18 Unless I was _ mistaken, there was. something wrong with Louise. （ A） very m

11、uch （ B） too （ C） almost （ D） very 19 The widely publicized demonstration did not after all _ . （ A） come off （ B） get on （ C） break out （ D） put on 20 The floods did not start to _ until two days after the rain had stopped. （ A） retire （ B） recede （ C） retreat （ D） sink 21 Nowadays, our government

12、advocates credit to whatever we do or whoever we contact with. once you _ your words, you will lose your social status and personal reputation. （ A） keep up with （ B） give away from （ C） go back on （ D） lose sight of 22 _ this coming Thursdag. it will be too late to enroll for the course. （ A） As of

13、 （ B） As for （ C） As to （ D） As on 23 An intelligent TV viewer may occasionally become enraged by the _ argumentation in commercials. （ A） imperative （ B） fallacious （ C） persuasive （ D） fabulous 24 How can personal income tax be levied to _ as many as possible while at the same time ensuring State

14、finances do not suffer too much? （ A） interest （ B） benefit （ C） profit （ D） concern 25 To fund the _ event and also promote the marketing value of the National Games, the organizing committee set up the Marketing Development Department(MDD). （ A） beneficent （ B） expensive （ C） costly （ D） luxurious

15、 26 Japanese workers still put in an impressive 42 hours each week but they are _ by the South Koreans and Singaporeans who spend an average 46 hours at the grindstone. （ A） outdone （ B） outweighed （ C） outrun （ D） outrivaled 27 This is an alarming realization as natural resources and the environmen

16、t are being degraded and _ at a record pace. （ A） wasted （ B） reconstructed （ C） destructed （ D） reversed 28 Charles was another monarch _ maligned by Victorian historians. （ A） much （ B） very （ C） greatly （ D） deeply 29 The elements of nature must be reckoned with in any military campaign. Napoleon

17、 and Hitler both underestimated the _ of the Russian winter. （ A） severity （ B） consequence （ C） influence （ D） threat 30 The company, EDS, is smart enough to _ 90, 000-person workforce into independent microteams that work directly with individual clients on creative business solutions. （ A） break

18、out （ B） break off （ C） break away from （ D） break down 31 Most environmental _ -from climate changes to freshwater and forest habitat loss-have become markedly worse. （ A） symptoms （ B） highlights （ C） indicators （ D） symbols 32 What we call nature is, _ , the sum of the changes made by all the var

19、ious creatures and natural forces in their intricate actions and influences upon each other and upon their places. （ A） in common sense （ B） from a sense （ C） by the sense （ D） in a sense 33 Although the“ on line“ life style has dominated the majority of city youth, most people in the remote country

20、side still think Internet or something is _ to their life. （ A） unconcerned （ B） irrelevant （ C） inseparable （ D） inaccessible 34 _ near-perfect English language skills, the students were keen to explore every aspect of Australian culture, from Aussie eating customs to family and student life, popul

21、ar culture, the natural landscape and the ever-popular Australian native animals. （ A） Possessing （ B） Acquiring （ C） Apprehending （ D） Interpreting 35 Telephones save the feet and endless amounts of time. This is due partly to the fact that the telephone service is superb here, _ the postal service

22、 is less efficient. （ A） where （ B） since （ C） that （ D） whereas 36 The board of directors have already discussed the subject _ in the previous meetings and they will handle it in all its aspects. （ A） in place （ B） at length （ C） on end （ D） off and on 37 Reflecting on our exploration, we also disc

23、overed that people will exploit the newness, vagueness, and breadth of the information Marketplace to support their wishes and predilections, _ they may be. （ A） whatsoever （ B） whatever （ C） whichever （ D） which 38 The World Bank is taking steps to _ its lending to reducing poverty in the Third Wor

24、ld Countries. （ A） orient （ B） tailor （ C） adapt （ D） adjust 39 Total investments for this year reached $ 56 million, and to put this into _ investments this year will double those made in 1997. （ A） sight （ B） vision （ C） perspective （ D） horizon 40 The year of 776 B.C.is considered to be the found

25、ing date of the Olympic Games in ancient Greece. The Games lasted more than 11 centuries _ they were banned in 393 A.D. （ A） when （ B） after （ C） as （ D） until 二、 Reading Comprehension 40 If you were to examine the birth certificates of every soccer player in 2006s World Cup tournament you would mos

26、t likely find a noteworthy quirk elite soccer are more likely to have been born in the earlier months of the year than in the later months. If you then examined the European national youth teams that feed the World Cup and professional ranks, you would find this strange phenomenon to be even more pr

27、onounced. What might account for this strange phenomenon? Here are a few guesses: a) certain astrological signs confer superior soccer skills, b) winter-born bathes tend to have higher oxygen capacity which increases soccer stamina. c) soccer mad parents are more likely to conceive children in sprin

28、gtime at the annual peak of soccer mania, d) none of the above. Anders Ericsson, a 58-year-old psychology professor at Florida State University, says he believes strongly in “none of the above“. Ericsson grew up in Sweden, and studied nuclear engineering until he realized he realized he would have m

29、ore opportunity to conduct his own research if he switched to psychology. His first experiment nearly years ago, involved memory: training a person to hear and then repeat a random series of numbers. “With the first subject, after about 20 hours of training his digit span had risen from 7 to 20,“ Er

30、icsson recalls. “He kept improving, and after about 200 hours of training he had risen to over 80 numbers.“ This success coupled with later research showing that memory itself as not genetically determined, led Ericsson to conclude that the act of memorizing is more of a cognitive exercise than an i

31、ntuitive one. In other words, whatever inborn differences two people may exhibit in their abilities to memorize those differences are swamped by how well each person “encodes“ the information. And the best way to learn how to encode information meaningfully, Ericsson determined, was a process known

32、as deliberate practice. Deliberate practice entails more than simply repeating a task. Rather, it involves setting specific goals, obtaining immediate feedback and concentrating as much on technique as on outcome. Ericsson and his colleagues have thus taken to studying expert performers in a wide ra

33、nge of pursuits, including soccer. They gather all the data they can, not just predominance statistics and biographical details but also the results of their own lavatory experiments with high achievers. Their work makes a rather startling assertion: the trait we commonly call talent is highly overr

34、ated. or, put another way, expert performers whether in memory or surgery, ballet or computer programming are nearly always made, not born. 41 The birthday phenomenon found among soccer players is mentioned to _ . （ A） stress the importance of professional training. （ B） spotlight the soccer superst

35、ars in the World Cup. （ C） introduce the topic of what males expert performance. （ D） explain why some soccer teams play better than others. 42 The word “mania“ (Line 4, Paragraph 2) most probably means _ . （ A） fun. （ B） craze. （ C） hysteria. （ D） excitement 43 According to Ericsson good memory _ .

36、 （ A） depends on meaningful processing of information. （ B） results from intuitive rather than cognitive exercises. （ C） is determined by genetic rather than psychological factors. （ D） requires immediate feedback and a high degree of concentration. 44 Ericsson and his colleagues believe that _ . （

37、A） talent is a dominating factor for professional success. （ B） biographical data provide the key to excellent performance. （ C） the role of talent tends to be overlooked. （ D） high achievers owe their success mostly to nurture. 45 Which of the following proverbs is closest to the message the text t

38、ries to convey? （ A） Faith will move mountains. （ B） one reaps what one sows. （ C） Practice makes perfect. （ D） Like father, like son. 45 For the past several years, the Sunday newspaper supplement Parade has featured a column called “Ask Marilyn“. People are invited to query Marilyn vos Savant, who

39、 at age 10 had tested at a mental level of someone about 23 years old; that gave her an IQ of 228-the highest score ever recorded. IQ tests ask you to complete verbal and visual analogies, to envision paper after it has been folded and cut, and to deduce numerical sequences, among other similar task

40、s. So it is a bit confusing when vos Savant fields such queries from the average Joe (whose IQ is 100) as, Whats the difference between love and fondness? or what is the nature of luck and coincidence? Its not obvious how the capacity to visualize objects and to figure out numerical patterns suits o

41、ne to answer questions that have eluded some of the best poets and philosophers. Clearly, intelligence encompasses more than a score on a test. Just what does it means to be smart? How much of intelligence can be specified, and how much can we learn about it from neurology, genetics, computer scienc

42、e and other fields? The defining term of intelligence in humans still seems to be the IQ score, even though IQ tests are not given as often as they used to be. The test comes primarily in two forms: the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale and the Wechsler Intelligence Scales (both come in adult and ch

43、ildrens version). Generally costing several hundred dollars, they are usually given only by psychologists, although variations of them populate bookstores and the World Wide Web. Superhigh scores like vos Savants are no longer possible, because scoring is now based on a statistical population distri

44、bution among age pecks, rather tan simply dividing the mental are by the chronological age and multiplying by 100. Other standardized tests, such as the Scholastic Assessment Test (SAT) and the Graduate Record Exam (GRE), capture the main aspects of IQ tests. Such standardized tests may not assess a

45、ll the important elements necessary to succeed in school and in life, argues Robert J. Sternberg. In his article “How Intelligent Is Intelligence Testing?“. Steinberg notes that traditional tests best assess analytical and verbal skills but fail to measure creativity and practical knowledge, compone

46、nts also critical to problem solving and life success. Moreover, IQ tests do not necessarily predict so well once populations or situations change. Research has found that IQ predicted leadership skills when the tests were given under low-stress conditions, but under high-stress conditions, IQ was n

47、egatively correlated with leadership-that is it predicted the opposite. Anyone who has toiled through SAT will testify that test-taking skill also matters, whether its knowing when to guess or what questions of skip. 46 Which of the following may be required in an intelligence test? （ A） Answering p

48、hilosophical questions. （ B） Folding or cutting paper into different shapes. （ C） Telling the differences between certain concepts. （ D） Choosing words or graphs similar to the given ones. 47 What can be inferred about intelligence testing from Paragraph3? （ A） People no longer use IQ scores as an i

49、ndicator of intelligence. （ B） More versions of IQ tests are now available on the Internet. （ C） The test contents and formats for adults and children may be different. （ D） Scientists have defined the important elements of human intelligence. 48 People nowadays can no longer achieve IQ scores as high as vos Savants because _ . （ A） the scores are obta