ASTM C447-2003 Standard Practice for Estimating the Maximum Use Temperature of Thermal Insulations《估计隔热材料的最高使用温度标准指南》.pdf
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1、Designation: C 447 03Standard Practice forEstimating the Maximum Use Temperature of ThermalInsulations1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 447; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revi
2、sion. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice covers estimation of the maximum usetemperature of thermal insulation including loose fill, blanket,block, board
3、, and preformed pipe insulation. It is based uponselected performance criteria, and characterization of productproperties during and after use conditions.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of t
4、his standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:C 165 Test Method for Measuring Compressive Propertiesof Thermal Insulations2C 167 Test Methods for Thickness and Densi
5、ty of Blanketor Batt Thermal Insulations2C 168 Terminology Relating to Thermal Insulation2C 177 Test Method for Steady-State Heat Flux Measure-ments and Thermal Transmission Properties by Means ofthe Guarded-Hot-Plate Apparatus2C 203 Test Methods for Breaking Load and Flexural Prop-erties of Block-T
6、ype Thermal Insulation2C 302 Test Method for Density of Preformed Pipe-Covering-Type Thermal Insulation2C 303 Test Method for Density of Preformed Block-TypeThermal Insulation2C 335 Test Method for Steady-State Heat Transfer Proper-ties of Horizontal Pipe Insulation2C 411 Test Method for Hot-Surface
7、 Performance of High-Temperature Thermal Insulation2C 421 Test Method for Tumbling Friability of PreformedBlock-Type Thermal Insulation2C 446 Test Method for Breaking Load and CalculatedModulus of Rupture of Preformed Insulation for Pipes2C 518 Test Method for Steady-State Heat Flux Measure-ments an
8、d Thermal Transmission Properties by Means ofthe Heat Flow Meter Apparatus2D 1621 Test Method for Compressive Properties of RigidCellular Plastics3D 1622 Test Method for Apparent Density of Rigid CellularPlastics33. Terminology3.1 Definitions C 168 shall apply to the terms used in thispractice.4. Su
9、mmary of Practice4.1 Dimensions, weight and other pertinent properties of theinsulation are measured before, during, and after exposure to ahot surface.4.2 Properties during and after exposure, and, in some cases,the degree of change in properties are reported for use inestablishing the maximum serv
10、ice temperature of the insulationmaterial.5. Significance and Use5.1 This practice is intended for use as a guide in evaluatingthe behavior of insulations at elevated temperatures, and injudging suitability for use under the conditions of an intendedapplication. It is not intended for acceptance or
11、certificationtesting on a lot basis.5.2 No single test for estimating maximum use temperaturecan be used that will apply to all types of insulations, nor canany single maximum use temperature be applied to anyinsulation that will be applicable under all possible conditionsof use. Maximum use tempera
12、ture may depend on thickness,temperature gradient, heating rate, and other factors. When thevarious test methods listed herein are employed, the test resultsserve as guides and, as such, must be applied with goodengineering judgment in arriving at an acceptable temperaturelimit for the products and
13、applications being considered.1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C16 on ThermalInsulation and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C16.31 on Chemical andPhysical Properties.Current edition approved April 10, 2003. Published May 2003. Originallyapproved in 1959 . Last
14、previous edition approved in 2001 as C447 85 (2001)e1.2Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.06.3Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 08.01.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.5.3 The criteria used to establish acceptable p
15、erformance isprovided in the material specification or as agreed uponbetween the purchaser and seller.5.4 In most cases, the properties covered by the applicablematerial standards (for example, thermal transmission,strength, etc.) are the properties important to the end use of theproduct. Major chan
16、ges in those properties resulting fromin-service conditions can cause failure or substandard perfor-mance of the installed system.5.5 Unless removal and reuse of the insulation is an impor-tant consideration, properties that relate primarily to handlingand installation shall be eliminated from the e
17、valuation.NOTE 1Installation assemblies: some systems create conditions thatwill affect the performance from the data obtained in the test proceduresof this practice.5.6 The listing of a test procedure in this practice does notimply that the performance of that particular procedure isrequired. Only
18、those tests which are relevant to the require-ments of the application involved, or which are agreed uponbetween the purchaser and the seller are preformed.5.7 Most of the changes that occur in the functionallyimportant characteristics of all types of thermal insulationduring service result from cha
19、nges in the matrix or bindersystem first, followed by changes in the bulk filler materialswhere such fillers have been used.5.7.1 In general, these changes are temperature-dependentand the major portion of the change takes place fairly quicklyonce the critical temperature has been reached.5.7.2 Typi
20、cally, organic thermoplastic materials or binderswill change in the 140 to 240F (60 to 116C) temperaturerange. Thermosetting organic materials or binders will start todeteriorate above 350F (177C). Hydrated inorganic binderssuch as clays, portland and lumnite cements, gypsum, sodiumsilicates, oxysul
21、fates, and oxychlorides will lose varyingamounts of water of crystallization at temperatures from 250 to900F (121 to 482C) dependent on the compound involved.Glass fibers and glass foams may start to sinter around 1000F(538C). Rock or slag wools, perlites and refractory fibers mayshow change at temp
22、eratures in excess of 1300F (704C)dependent on specific composition.5.8 If, after testing samples exposed to the maximumservice temperature, additional tests are made of samplesexposed to intermediate temperatures (third or quarter points inthe full service temperature range), the results of such te
23、sts,when plotted with proper curve fit techniques, may give someindication of changes in product characteristics throughout theservice range. These results may also be used to bracket thetemperature range within which a change has occurred (sig-nificant change in slope of curve).5.9 Some properties
24、of thermal insulations containingtrapped gases other than air change with time, and at differentrates, depending upon the age, thickness, facing and boundaryconditions. Elevated temperature exposure accelerates thesechanges. Changes in properties of these materials may continueover a very long perio
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