ASTM B440-2000(2005) Standard Specification for Cadmium《镉的标准规范》.pdf

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1、Designation: B 440 00 (Reapproved 2005)Standard Specification forCadmium1This standard is issued under the fixed designation B 440; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses

2、indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers refined cadmium metal in slab,ball or stick form.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas the standard.1.3

3、ToxicityWarning: Soluble and respirable forms ofcadmium may be harmful to human health and the environmentin certain forms and concentrations. Therefore, ingestion andinhalation of cadmium should be controlled under the appro-priate regulations of the U.S. Occupational Safety and HealthAdministratio

4、n (OSHA). Cadmium-containing alloys and coat-ings should not be used on articles that will contact food orbeverages, or for dental and other equipment that is normallyinserted in the mouth. Similarly, if articles using cadmium-containing alloys or coatings are welded, soldered, brazed,ground, “flame

5、-cut,” or otherwise heated during fabrication,adequate ventilation must be provided to maintain occupationalcadmium exposure below the OSHA Permissible ExposureLevel (PEL).1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibilit

6、y of the user of this standard to become familiarwith all hazards including those identified in the appropriateMaterial Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for this product/materialas provided by the manufacturer, to establish appropriatesafety and health practices, and determine the applicability ofregulatory

7、 limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2B 899 Terminology Relating to Non-ferrous Metals andAlloysE 29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data toDetermine Conformance with SpecificationsE88 Practice for Sampling Nonferrous Metals and Alloysin Cast Form for Det

8、ermination of Chemical CompositionE 396 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of CadmiumE 527 Practice for Numbering Metals and Alloys (UNS)3. Terminology3.1 Terms shall be defined in accordance with TerminologyB 899.4. Ordering Information4.1 Orders for cadmium under this specification shall in-clude

9、the following information:4.1.1 ASTM designation,4.1.2 Quantity (weight),4.1.3 Grade (Table 1), and4.1.4 Shape and size (Section 7).5. Materials and Manufacture5.1 The cadmium shall be furnished in commercial standardforms or shapes requested by purchaser.6. Chemical Requirements6.1 The cadmium supp

10、lied shall conform to the require-ments of Table 1 for one of the three grades.7. Shape and Size7.1 Various forms and sizes of commercially availablecadmium are:Form Shape and SizeBall Spherical, about 2 in. diameterStick Bar, about 9 312 3 38 in. or stick about 9 312 in. in diameter.Slab Plate or b

11、ar, varying in weight from about 20 to 60 lb7.2 Cadmium may be ordered in other shapes and sizes asmutually agreed.8. Workmanship, Finish and Appearance8.1 The supplier shall use care to have the quality of each lotof cadmium as uniform as possible.8.2 The cadmium shall be reasonably free of adherin

12、gforeign material.1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B02 onNonferrous Metals and Alloys and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeB02.04 on Zinc and Cadmium.Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2005. Published February 2006. Originallyapproved in 1966. Last previous ed

13、ition approved in 2000 as B 440 00.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1*A Summary of Changes sec

14、tion appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.9. Sampling for Chemical Analysis9.1 The producer may obtain representative samples fromthe molten metal during casting, and all or part of these

15、samples may be cast into shapes suitable for analysis.9.2 For sampling cadmium in slab form a minimum of twopieces shall be selected for shipments of 500 lb or less, threepieces for shipments of 500 to 1000 lb (227 to 454 kg), and oneadditional piece for each additional 1000 lb or part thereof. Forc

16、admium in ball or stick form a minimum of four pieces shallbe selected for shipments of 500 lb or less, six pieces forshipments of 500 to 1000 lb and two additional pieces for eachadditional 1000 lb or part thereof.9.3 The selected pieces shall be cleaned to rid the surface ofextraneous material and

17、 then sawed, drilled, or milled, carebeing taken to avoid errors due to segregation within thepieces. The saw, drill, or cutter used shall be thoroughlycleaned. No lubricant shall be used in the operation, and thesawings, drillings, or millings shall be treated with a magnet toremove any particles o

18、f steel introduced in the taking of thesamples. Equal weights of the sawings, drillings, or millingsshall be taken from each piece sampled, and then combinedinto one sample and thoroughly mixed. The total sampleweight shall be not less than 300 g.9.4 In those cases where the cadmium involved is in s

19、omeother shape or form that does not lend itself to any of the abovemethods, the sampling procedure shall be agreed upon betweenthe manufacturer or seller and purchaser. The method of 9.1offers many advantages.9.5 Aspects of sampling and sample preparation not coveredspecifically in this specificati

20、on shall be carried out in accor-dance with Practice E88.10. Method of Chemical Analysis10.1 The chemical requirements enumerated in Table 1shall, in case of disagreement, be determined by methodsmutually agreed upon or by Test Methods E 396.11. Rejection11.1 Material which fails to conform to the r

21、equirements ofthis specification may be rejected.12. Claims12.1 Claims to be considered shall be made to manufactureror seller in writing within 30 days of receipt of material at thepurchasers plant, and the results of the test made by thepurchaser shall accompany such claims. The manufacturer orsel

22、ler shall be given 2 weeks from the receipt of the complaintto investigate his records and shall either agree to satisfy theclaim, obtain a sample of the metal for investigation, or send arepresentative to the plant of the purchaser.12.2 No claims shall be considered unless the minimumnumber of samp

23、les of unused cadmium shapes can be shown tosuch representative.12.3 In a question of chemical composition, a sample shallbe drawn by representatives of both parties in accordance withSection 10. The properly mixed and quartered sample shall beseparated into three parts, each of which shall be place

24、d in asealed package, one for the manufacturer or seller, one for thepurchaser and one for an umpire, if necessary. The manufac-turer or seller and purchaser shall each perform an analysis. Ifthe results do not establish or dismiss the claim to thesatisfaction of both parties, the third sample shall

25、 be submittedto a mutually agreeable umpire who shall determine thequestion of quality and whose determination shall be final.12.4 Expenses of the manufacturers or sellers representa-tives and of the umpire shall be paid by the loser or divided inproportion to the concession made in case of compromi

26、se. Inthe case of rejection being established, the damages shall belimited to the payment of freight both ways by the manufac-turer or seller for substitution of an equivalent weight ofcadmium conforming to this specification.13. Product Marking13.1 The outside container shall be marked in such a wa

27、ythat the manufacturer or seller may be identified. The indi-vidual pieces of cadmium may also be marked at the discretionof the manufacturer or seller.14. Keywords14.1 cadmium; cadmium metalTABLE 1 Chemical RequirementsANOTE 1With the mutual agreement of the buyer and seller, chemicallimits for Tin

28、, Silver, Antimony, Arsenic, and Mercury may also beassigned to the grades 99.95 and 99.99 Cd.Element Grade(UNS)B99.95 Cd(L01951)99.99 Cd(L01971)99.995 Cd(L01981)Cadmium, min.A99.95 % 99.99 % 99.995 %Iron, max. ppm . 10 5Copper, max. ppm 150 20 5Nickel, max. ppm . 10 5Lead, max. ppm 250 100 20Zinc,

29、max. ppm 350 30 5Thallium, max. ppm 35 35 5Tin, max. ppm . . 1Silver, max. ppm . . 1Antimony, max. ppm . . 0.1Arsenic, max. ppm . . 1Mercury, max. ppm . . 0.1ADetermined by difference.BUNS designations were established in accordance with Practice E 527.B 440 00 (2005)2SUMMARY OF CHANGESThis section

30、contains the principle changes to the standard that have been incorporated since the last issue.(1) The caveat in section 1.4 was added editorially.(2) Section 3. Terminology was added editorially.(3) 1.3 was added.ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights ass

31、erted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time b

32、y the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will rece

33、ive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM Inte

34、rnational, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).B 440 00 (2005)3