ASME B30 7-2016 Winches《绞车》.pdf

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1、AN AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD ASME B30.7-2016(Revision of ASME B30.7-2011)WinchesSafety Standard for Cableways, Cranes, Derricks, Hoists, Hooks,Jacks, and SlingsASME B30.7-2016(Revision of ASME B30.7-2011)WinchesSafety Standard for Cableways,Cranes, Derricks, Hoists, Hooks,Jacks, and SlingsAN AMERIC

2、AN NATIONAL STANDARDTwo Park Avenue New York, NY 10016 USADate of Issuance: September 16, 2016The next edition of this Standard is scheduled for publication in 2021. This Standard will becomeeffective 1 year after the Date of Issuance.ASME issues written replies to inquiries concerning interpretatio

3、ns of technical aspects of thisStandard. Interpretations are published on the Committee Web page and under go.asme.org/InterpsDatabase.Errata to codes and standards may be posted on the ASME Web site under the Committee Pages toprovide corrections to incorrectly published items, or to correct typogr

4、aphical or grammatical errorsin codes and standards. Such errata shall be used on the date posted.The Committee Pages can be found at http:/cstools.asme.org/. There is an option available toautomatically receive an e-mail notification when errata are posted to a particular code or standard.This opti

5、on can be found on the appropriate Committee Page after selecting “Errata” in the “PublicationInformation” section.ASME is the registered trademark of The American Society of Mechanical Engineers.This code or standard was developed under procedures accredited as meeting the criteria for American Nat

6、ionalStandards. The Standards Committee that approved the code or standard was balanced to assure that individuals fromcompetent and concerned interests have had an opportunity to participate. The proposed code or standard was madeavailable for public review and comment that provides an opportunity

7、for additional public input from industry, academia,regulatory agencies, and the public-at-large.ASME does not “approve,” “rate,” or “endorse” any item, construction, proprietary device, or activity.ASME does not take any position with respect to the validity of any patent rights asserted in connect

8、ion with anyitems mentioned in this document, and does not undertake to insure anyone utilizing a standard against liability forinfringement of any applicable letters patent, nor assumes any such liability. Users of a code or standard are expresslyadvised that determination of the validity of any su

9、ch patent rights, and the risk of infringement of such rights, isentirely their own responsibility.Participation by federal agency representative(s) or person(s) affiliated with industry is not to be interpreted asgovernment or industry endorsement of this code or standard.ASME accepts responsibilit

10、y for only those interpretations of this document issued in accordance with the establishedASME procedures and policies, which precludes the issuance of interpretations by individuals.No part of this document may be reproduced in any form,in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise,without the pr

11、ior written permission of the publisher.The American Society of Mechanical EngineersTwo Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5990Copyright 2016 byTHE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERSAll rights reservedPrinted in U.S.A.CONTENTSForeword ivCommittee Roster . viB30 Standard Introduction . viiiSummary

12、 of Changes xiChapter 7-0 Scope, Definitions, Personnel Competence, and References. 1Section 7-0.1 Scope of B30.7 . 1Section 7-0.2 Definitions . 1Section 7-0.3 Personnel Competence . 2Section 7-0.4 References to Other Codes and Standards . 2Chapter 7-1 Construction and Installation . 5Section 7-1.1

13、Ratings and Markings 5Section 7-1.2 Construction . 5Section 7-1.3 Installation . 6Chapter 7-2 Inspection, Testing, and Maintenance . 7Section 7-2.1 Inspection . 7Section 7-2.2 Testing . 8Section 7-2.3 Maintenance . 9Section 7-2.4 Rope Inspection, Replacement, and Maintenance 9Chapter 7-3 Operations

14、11Section 7-3.1 Qualifications and Conduct of Operators 11Section 7-3.2 Operating Practices 14Section 7-3.3 Miscellaneous 15Section 7-3.4 Communications . 15Figures7-0.2-1 Winch With Capstan . 37-0.2-2 Single-Drum Winch 37-0.2-3 Three-Drum Winch With Attached Swinger . 37-0.2-4 Independent Direct Ge

15、ared Swinger or Single-Drum Winch 47-3.4.4-1 Standard Hand Signals for Controlling Winch Operations . 17iiiFOREWORDThis American National Standard, Safety Standard for Cableways, Cranes, Derricks, Hoists,Hooks, Jacks, and Slings, has been developed under the procedures accredited by the AmericanNati

16、onal Standards Institute (ANSI) (formerly the United States of America Standards Institute).This Standard had its beginning in December 1916 when an eight-page Code of Safety Standardsfor Cranes, prepared by an ASME Committee on the Protection of Industrial Workers, waspresented at the annual meetin

17、g of ASME.Meetings and discussions regarding safety on cranes, derricks, and hoists were held from 1920to 1925, involving the ASME Safety Code Correlating Committee, the Association of Iron andSteel Electrical Engineers, the American Museum of Safety, the American Engineering StandardsCommittee (lat

18、er changed to American Standards Association and subsequently to theUSA Standards Institute), Department of Labor State of New Jersey, Department of Labor andIndustry State of Pennsylvania, and the Locomotive Crane Manufacturers Association. OnJune 11, 1925, the American Engineering Standards Commit

19、tee approved the ASME Safety CodeCorrelating Committees recommendation and authorized the project with the U.S. Departmentof the Navy, Bureau of Yards and Docks, and ASME as sponsors.In March 1926, invitations were issued to 50 organizations to appoint representatives to aSectional Committee. The ca

20、ll for organization of this Sectional Committee was sent outOctober 2, 1926, and the committee organized November 4, 1926, with 57 members representing29 national organizations. The Safety Code for Cranes, Derricks, and Hoists, ASA B30.2-1943,was created from the eight-page document referred to in t

21、he first paragraph. This document wasreaffirmed in 1952 and widely accepted as a safety standard.Due to changes in design, advancement in techniques, and general interest of labor and industryin safety, the Sectional Committee, under the joint sponsorship of ASME and the Naval FacilitiesEngineering

22、Command, U.S. Department of the Navy, was reorganized as an American NationalStandards Committee on January 31, 1962, with 39 members representing 27 nationalorganizations.The format of the previous code was changed so that separate Volumes (each complete as toconstruction and installation; inspecti

23、on, testing, and maintenance; and operation) would coverthe different types of equipment included in the scope of B30.In 1982, the Committee was reorganized as an Accredited Organization Committee, operatingunder procedures developed by ASME and accredited by ANSI.This Standard presents a coordinate

24、d set of rules that may serve as a guide to governmentand other regulatory bodies and municipal authorities responsible for the guarding and inspectionof the equipment falling within its scope. The suggestions leading to accident prevention aregiven as both mandatory and advisory provisions; complia

25、nce with both types may be requiredby employers of their employees.In case of practical difficulties, new developments, or unnecessary hardship, the administrativeor regulatory authority may grant variances from the literal requirements or permit the use ofother devices or methods, but only when it

26、is clearly evident that an equivalent degree ofprotection is thereby secured. To secure uniform application and interpretation of this Standard,administrative or regulatory authorities are urged to consult the B30 Committee, in accordancewith the format described in Section IX of the B30 Standard In

27、troduction, before renderingdecisions on disputed points.Safety codes and standards are intended to enhance public safety. Revisions result from commit-tee consideration of factors such as technological advances, new data, and changing environmentaland industry needs. Revisions do not imply that pre

28、vious editions were inadequate.ivThe first edition of B30.7, entitled Base-Mounted Drum Hoists, was published in 1971. Neweditions were published in 1977, 1984, 1989, 1994, 2001, and 2006. In 2011, the Volume wascompletely rewritten, and the title was changed to Winches. This 2016 Edition includes c

29、hangesto update the Volume to clarify that capstans are not part of the B30.7 scope, be more consistentwith other B30 volumes, and add personnel competence requirements and responsibilities.This Volume of the Standard, which was approved by the B30 Committee and by ASME, wasapproved by ANSI and desi

30、gnated an American National Standard on August 3, 2016.vASME B30 COMMITTEESafety Standard for Cableways, Cranes, Derricks, Hoists,Hooks, Jacks, and Slings(The following is the roster of the Committee at the time of approval of this Standard.)STANDARDS COMMITTEE OFFICERSB. D. Closson, ChairT. L. Blan

31、ton, Vice ChairK. M. Hyam, SecretarySTANDARDS COMMITTEE PERSONNELN. E. Andrew, LTS Cranes MechanicalM. J. Eggenberger, Alternate, Berry Contracting, Inc.G. Austin, Terex Corp.T. L. Blanton, NACB Group, Inc.P. A. Boeckman, The Crosby Group, Inc.E. E. Lutter, Alternate, The Crosby Group, Inc.P. W. Boy

32、d, The Boeing Co.B. D. Closson, Craft Forensic ServicesJ. A. Danielson, The Boeing Co.B. M. Casey, Alternate, General Dynamics Electric BoatD. R. Decker, Becket, LLCL. D. DeMark, Equipment Training Solutions, LLCD. F. Jordan, Alternate, BP AmericaD. W. Eckstine, Eckstine this has theeffect of counte

33、racting torque by reducing the tendencyof the finished rope to rotate.service, heavy: service that involves operation within therated load limit but that exceeds normal service.service, normal: distributed service that involves opera-tion with randomly distributed loads within the ratedload limit, o

34、r uniform loads less than 65% of rated loadfor not more than 25% of the time.service, severe: service that involves normal or heavy ser-vice with abnormal conditions.shall: a word indicating a requirement.should: a word indicating a recommendation.spooling: winding of rope on a cylindrical drum in e

35、venlyspaced wraps and uniform layers.standby winch: a winch not in regular service but usedoccasionally or intermittently as required.swinger drum: a drum that has a wire rope connectionpoint at each flange to allow an overwind andunderwind operation. When the rope is wrappedaround a derrick bull wh

36、eel, it is used to slew or swingthe derrick.switch: a device for making, breaking, or changing theconnections in an electric, hydraulic, or pneumatic cir-cuit (valve).winch: a power-driven drum(s) that when attached to aload is capable of moving the load (see Figs. 7-0.2-1through 7-0.2-4).2SECTION 7

37、-0.3: PERSONNEL COMPETENCEPersons performing the functions identified in thisVolume shall meet the applicable qualifying criteriastated in this Volume and shall, through education, train-ing, experience, skill, and physical fitness, as necessary,be competent and capable of performing the functionsas

38、 determined by the employer or employersrepresentative.SECTION 7-0.4: REFERENCES TO OTHER CODESAND STANDARDSThe following is a list of publications referenced inthis Standard:ANSI/ASSE Z244.1-2003 (R2008), Control of HazardousEnergy Lockout/Tagout and Alternative Methods1Publisher: The American Soci

39、ety of Safety Engineers(ASSE), 520 N. Northwest Hwy, Park Ridge, IL 60068(www.asse.org)ANSI/AWS D14.3/D14.3M-2010, Specification forWelding Earthmoving and Construction Equipment1Publisher: American Welding Society (AWS), 8669 NW36 Street, No. 130, Miami, FL 33166 (www.aws.org)ASME B30.10-2014, Hook

40、sASME B30.20-2013, Below-the-Hook Lifting DevicesASME B30.26-2014, Rigging HardwareASME P30.1-2014, Planning for Load HandlingActivitiesPublisher: The American Society of MechanicalEngineers (ASME), Two Park Avenue, New York, NY10016-5990 (www.asme.org)1May also be obtained from American National St

41、andardsInstitute (ANSI), 25 West 43rd Street, New York, NY 10036(www.ansi.org).(16)(16)ASME B30.7-2016Fig. 7-0.2-1 Winch With CapstanFig. 7-0.2-2 Single-Drum WinchFig. 7-0.2-3 Three-Drum Winch With Attached Swinger3ASME B30.7-2016Fig. 7-0.2-4 Independent Direct Geared Swinger or Single-Drum Winch4(1

42、6)ASME B30.7-2016Chapter 7-1Construction and InstallationSECTION 7-1.1: RATINGS AND MARKINGS7-1.1.1 BasisWinch ratings are dependent upon such factors asapplied power, layers of rope wound on the drum, ropediameter and minimum breaking force, drum size, andstructural competence of the various winch

43、componentsand mounting methods.7-1.1.2 Winch RatingsWinch ratings shall be the manufacturers recom-mended total line pull in pounds (kilograms) at a speci-fied rate of speed on a given size drum and prescribednumber of layers of rope.7-1.1.3 MarkingsWinches shall be marked with the following identif

44、i-cations for each drum:(a) winch rating(b) drum size consisting of barrel diameter, barrellength, and flange diameter(c) rope diameter(s)(d) rope speed in feet per minute (meters per second)at rated load on specified layer(e) power requirement7-1.1.4 Rope Layer RatingsThe manufacturer shall provide

45、 line pull ratings foreach rope layer and a specified rope diameter.SECTION 7-1.2: CONSTRUCTION7-1.2.1 GeneralWinches shall be designed and constructed to meetthe stresses imposed on their frames and componentsunder all anticipated operating conditions when prop-erly installed and when handling load

46、s not exceedingthe manufacturers ratings. Welding shall conform torecommended practices of ANSI/AWS D14.3.7-1.2.2 Winch Mechanisms(a) Winches shall be provided with the power, cool-ing, and operational characteristics to perform all winchfunctions.(b) The rope shall be anchored to the drum in a man-

47、ner approved by the winch manufacturer. The anchorageshall hold the rated line pull with no less than two fullwraps on the drum.5(c) Drum flanges shall extend a minimum of one-halfrope diameter, but not less than 0.5 in. (13 mm) abovethe top layer of rope during operation.(d) Diameter of the drum sh

48、all provide first layer ropepitch diameter of not less than 15 times the nominaldiameter of the rope. Winch lines of material other thanwire rope may require a different D/d ratio, based onthe recommendation of the winch line manufacturer ora qualified person.(e) Winches that hold loads while the wi

49、nch is unat-tended shall be equipped with a mechanical holdingdevice, other than a brake, such as a pawl, capable ofholding the rated load.7-1.2.3 Brakes(a) Each winch shall be equipped with at least onebrake capable of holding not less than 125% of the ratedload at the point where the brake is applied.(b) Remote-operated winches shall be equipped witha self-setting brake.(c) Foot-operated brakes, if provided, should be con-structed so that the operators foot, when in position,will not slip off the pedal.(d) Winches designed to allow simultaneousunderwind and overwind shall h