ASCE GSP 289-2017 JET GROUTING DIAPHRAGM WALLS AND DEEP MIXING.pdf

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1、GEOTECHNICAL SPECIAL PUBLICATION NO. 289 GROUTING 2017 JET GROUTING, DIAPHRAGM WALLS, AND DEEP MIXING SELECTED PAPERS FROM SESSIONS OF GROUTING 2017 July 912, 2017 Honolulu, Hawaii SPONSORED BY International Conference Organization for Grouting (ICOG) Geo-Institute of the American Society of Civil E

2、ngineers EDITED BY Paolo Gazzarrini, P.Eng. Thomas D. Richards Jr., P.E., D.GE Donald A. Bruce, Ph.D., C.Eng., D.GE Michael J. Byle, P.E., D.GE Chadi S. El Mohtar, Ph.D. Lawrence F. Johnsen, P.E., D.GE Published by the American Society of Civil Engineers Published by American Society of Civil Engine

3、ers 1801 Alexander Bell Drive Reston, Virginia, 20191-4382 www.asce.org/publications | ascelibrary.org Any statements expressed in these materials are those of the individual authors and do not necessarily represent the views of ASCE, which takes no responsibility for any statement made herein. No r

4、eference made in this publication to any specific method, product, process, or service constitutes or implies an endorsement, recommendation, or warranty thereof by ASCE. The materials are for general information only and do not represent a standard of ASCE, nor are they intended as a reference in p

5、urchase specifications, contracts, regulations, statutes, or any other legal document. ASCE makes no representation or warranty of any kind, whether express or implied, concerning the accuracy, completeness, suitability, or utility of any information, apparatus, product, or process discussed in this

6、 publication, and assumes no liability therefor. The information contained in these materials should not be used without first securing competent advice with respect to its suitability for any general or specific application. Anyone utilizing such information assumes all liability arising from such

7、use, including but not limited to infringement of any patent or patents. ASCE and American Society of Civil EngineersRegistered in U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. Photocopies and permissions. Permission to photocopy or reproduce material from ASCE publications can be requested by sending an e-mail

8、 to permissionsasce.org or by locating a title in ASCEs Civil Engineering Database (http:/cedb.asce.org) or ASCE Library (http:/ascelibrary.org) and using the “Permissions” link. Errata: Errata, if any, can be found at https:/doi.org/10.1061/9780784480809 Copyright 2017 by the American Society of Ci

9、vil Engineers. All Rights Reserved. ISBN 978-0-7844-8080-9 (PDF) Manufactured in the United States of America. Preface This is the third Geotechnical Special Publication of the proceedings of Grouting 2017, the Fifth International Conference on Grouting, Deep Mixing, and Diaphragm Walls held in Hono

10、lulu Hawaii, U.S.A. July 9-12, 2017. Grouting 2017 is the fifth in a series of international conferences that began in 1982 to advance the science and technology of grouting, and these proceedings represent a five-year update from the previous conference in 2012 New Orleans. The three GSPs of these

11、proceedings capture 1) advances in the technology of materials, instrumentation, control, and the basic science of grouting, deep mixing and diaphragm walls that will lead to new and deeper understanding, new applications, and directions for the future; 2) exciting new information on Grouting and De

12、ep Mixing practices for monitoring and instrumentation technology that is becoming the new normal for these technologies throughout the world; and 3) new integration of multiple technologies for diaphragm wall construction and remediation. GSP 289 concentrates on Jet Grouting, Deep Mixing Methods, a

13、nd Diaphragm Walls with papers focusing on control, verification, and/or innovation. Very interesting case histories on dam cut-offs, excavation support, general soil improvement, and tunneling are included in this volume, highlighting the constant research being carried out in the grouting industry

14、, including innovation and varying approaches for production and verification. These proceedings have been produced thanks to international support of numerous organizations and individuals, including the: ASCE, Geo-Institute of ASCE, US DOT FHWA, Deep Foundations Institute, and International Confer

15、ence Organization for Grouting (ICOG). This publication culminates two years of effort by the planning committee whose focus has been to continue the vision established in the initial conference chaired by Wallace Hayward Baker and to keep the proceedings of this conference as the definitive source

16、of information on the cutting edge of grouting and related technologies. Many individuals are responsible for the content of this volume, all of whom served in the efforts to maintain the standard set by previous proceedings. Papers were reviewed in accordance with ASCE GSP standards. Accordingly, e

17、ach paper was subjected to technical review by two or more independent peer reviewers. Publication requires concurrence by at least two peer reviewers. The previous four conferences held in 1982, 1992, 2003, and 2012 were organized by the Grouting Committee of the ASCE/Geo-Institute and ICOG. ICOG i

18、s an independent organization that arose from the Grouting Committee of the Geo-Institute with the purpose of promoting the continuing growth of the understanding and use of geotechnical grouting. ICOG has worked closely with the Geo-Institute in the organization of this conference and preparation o

19、f these proceedings. *URXWLQJ*63 LLL$6 Tetra Tech, Inc. Conference Co-Chair: Lawrence F. Johnsen, P.E., D.GE, M.ASCE; GZA GeoEnvironmental, Inc. Conference Co-Chair: Paolo Gazzarrini, P.Eng, M.ASCE; Sea to Sky Geotech Inc. Conference Co-Chair and Workshops Co-Chair: Donald A. Bruce, Ph.D., D.GE, M.A

20、SCE; Geosystems L.P. Technical Program Co-Chair: Allen Cadden, P.E., D.GE, F.ASCE; Schnabel Engineering Committee Members Samson W. Bandimere, Aff.M.ASCE; Bandimere Grouting Consulting Services Michael J. Miluski, P.E., M.ASCE; Compaction Grouting Services, Inc. George K. Burke, P.E., D.GE, M.ASCE;

21、Hayward Baker, Inc. Joe Harris, Aff.M.ASCE; Hayward Baker, Inc. Steve C. Maranowski, A.M.ASCE; Spartan Specialties Ltd. Daniel Bole, A.M.ASCE; Hayward Baker, Inc. Thomas D. Richards, Jr., P.E., D.GE, M.ASCE; Nicholson Construction Company Justice J. Maswoswe, Ph.D., P.E., M.ASCE; FHWA Resource Cente

22、r Cumaraswamy “Vipu“ Vipulanandan, Ph.D., P.E., M.ASCE; University of Houston Chadi El Mohtar, Ph.D., A.M.ASCE; University of Texas at Austin Reyn Shyo Hashiro, P.E., M.ASCE; Yogi Kwong Engineering LLC Francis B. Gularte, M.ASCE; Hayward Baker, Inc. James Warner, F.ASCE; Independent Consultant Techn

23、ical Advisory Committee Australia Ernst Friedlaender, Keller Ground Engineering Pty Ltd Austria Professor Scott Kieffer, Graz University of Technology Brazil Arsenio Negro, Bureau de Projetos Canada Paolo Gazzarrini, Sea to Sky Geotech Inc. Italy Giuseppe A. Modoni, University of Cassino Japan Masaa

24、ki Terashi, Independent Consultant Morocco Ahmed F. Chraibi, DAMTECH *URXWLQJ*63 LY$6 Geosystems L.P. TRACK 3/ Drilling and Grouting 3A0/ Design and Assessment Chadi El Mohtar, Ph.D., A.M.ASCE, University of Texas at Austin Lisheng Shao, Ph.D., P.E., G.E., M.ASCE, Hayward Baker Inc. 3B0/ Constructio

25、n and Innovation 3B1/ Bio-Treatment Chadi El Mohtar, Ph.D., A.M.ASCE, University of Texas at Austin 3C0/ Verification, QA/QC Michael J. Miluski, P.E., M.ASCE; Compaction Grouting Services, Inc. 3D1/ Case Histories: Karst Michael J. Byle, P.E., D.GE, F.ASCE; Tetra Tech, Inc. 3D2/ Case Histories: Pile

26、s and Anchors Peter Bowman, Advanced Construction Techniques Ltd. 3D3/ Case Histories: Jet Grouting Paolo Gazzarrini, P.Eng, M.ASCE; Sea to Sky Geotech Inc. *URXWLQJ*63 Y$6 GZA GeoEnvironmental, Inc. Walter E. Kaeck, P.E., M.ASCE, Mueser Rutledge Consulting Engineers Alan R. Ringen, P.E., M.ASCE, Ha

27、yward Baker Inc. Grouting 2017 Paper Reviewers Andy Anderson Tim Avery Ali Azizian Nicholas Bachand David Barstow Vanesa Bateman Diego Bellato Rachael Bisnett Robert Bivens Robert Bliss Adriane Boscardin Marco Boscardin Peter Bowman Eric Bregman Donald Bruce George Burke Michael Byle Joanna Bzowka A

28、llen Cadden Swami Charan King Chin Pierre Choquet Michael Chow Paddy Cochran Todd Culp Thomas Dalmalm James Davies James Davis Jason DeJong Chadi El Mohtar Magnus Eriksson Jeffrey Evans Bob Faulhaber Alessandro Flora Gary Fuerstenberg Johan Funehag Paolo Gazzarrini Franz-Werner Gerressen Glen Gorski

29、 Clay Griffin Francis Gularte Ron Hall Seth Hamblin Mark Hampton Joe Harris Doug Heenan Olivier Helson Raymond Henn Georgette Hlepas Chu Ho William Hover Siu-Wang Huang Ken Ivanetich Hamza Jaffal Jon Jagello Mike Jefferies Stephan Jefferis Lawrence Johnsen Walter Kaeck Edward Kavazanjian Hamed Khoda

30、dadi Jack Kinley Kazuhiko Komatsu Takao Kono Sara Kvartsberg James Kwong Eric Landry Paul Lewis Marina Li Vittorio Manassero Steve Maranowski Roman Marte *URXWLQJ*63 YL$6 Junichi Yamazaki2; Yasuharu Nakanishi3; and Kazuhito Komiya41Dept. of Engineering, Sanshin Corporation, 2-19-6, Yanagibashi, Tait

31、o-ku, Tokyo 111-0052, Japan. E-mail: t-shinsakasanshin-corp.co.jp 2Dept. of Engineering, Sanshin Corporation, 2-19-6, Yanagibashi, Taito-ku, Tokyo 111-0052, Japan. E-mail: j-yamazakisanshin-corp.co.jp 3N.I.T. Inc., 37-10-501, Udagawa-cho, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo 150-0042, Japan. E-mail: 4Chiba Institute

32、of Technology, 2-17-1 Tsudanuma, Narashino, Chiba 275-0016, Japan. E-mail: hisho-stfit-chiba.ac.jp Abstract The multifan jet grouting method of ground improvement was developed to reduce the amount of redundantly improved soil. In this study, we geometrically examined the effectiveness of multifan-s

33、haped columns for lattice- or wall-form ground improvements. Consequently, ground improvement work could be performed more effectively with multifan columns than with oval or round columns. Furthermore, we developed new equipment to construct multifan columns, and conducted field tests to confirm it

34、s workability. Consequently, we confirmed our assumption that it is possible to construct multifan -shaped columns for ground improvement. INTRODUCTION Jet grouting is a technique for ground improvement which employs high pressure cement slurry and high pressure air (e.g. Shinsaka Uchida et al., 201

35、4). Until now, lattice- and wall-form improvements were constructed with round columns generated by jet grouting. Because the columns were round, more soil was improved than what was actually required, and more cement slurry was used than what was required. Furthermore, the cost of industrial waste

36、disposal was high. *URXWLQJ*63 $6 Awis the effective cross sectional area of the wall. From Fig. 8, it is clear that the MultiFan and oval columns demonstrated smaller values of redundantly improved soil body than that of round columns. Furthermore, the MultiFan columns had a smaller value of redund

37、antly improved soil body than that of oval columns. In other words, we identified the point at which unnecessary construction for the wall body becomes small. 0.81.01.21.41.61.80.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0Column number rationCoefficient of wall thickness CwtRoundOval (Csd=0.8)Oval (Csd=0.6)Oval (Csd=0.4)

38、MultiFan (Csd=0.8)MultiFan (Csd=0.6)MultiFan (Csd=0.4)*URXWLQJ*63 $6 and begathe Unitedl jet grout c014, the inn stage in thology performing its posequence, th. This projerily discloseEATURESo the traditioby selectinht, rotationaple concepnozzles arel speed of te onto the xis of the elr2 are the rFP

39、RESENTuting techndeveloped ily small geom that woufor the instas acquired n “travelingStates a fewolumn geomnovative laye US, for thrmed very tential utilize system wct is curred. nal jet groug the approl speed, andt: alternatiooriented tohe jet groutsoils (slow lipse (fast seotational spigure 2: co

40、nology, elsewn northern Itechnical enld increase tllation of diby one of”. years lateretries for thout was eve SELA22 pwell for the ation for othas approvently ongoint technologpriate combwithdrawan of slow wards the drods is redsector). Thector). This eeds througceptual deshere also ktaly approxgin

41、eering fhe efficiencaphragm wathe larges, where it we constructentually seleroject. designed aper, diverse,d for anotheg; howevery, where theination of fl rates, thisand fast roesigned lonuced in ordeexact oppoprocess is sch the fast anign of the enown as “imately tenirm. The inty and effeclls. The

42、systt groups inas proposedtion of a bottcted and application, leengineeringr project aw, its somehdimensionluid pressurinnovative otational speger axis of er for the prsite is accohematicallyd slow sectolliptical jet“candy-jet” oyears ago buition derivtiveness of tem proved pthe geoteas a viable om

43、plug in plied, for thading to a schallengesarded in thow unique s of a cylindes and flowelliptical veeds. Specifthe ellipse essurized flmplished aldepicted inrs respectivgrouting or “bowtie”,y the Teched from the he traditionromising anchnical indalternative tthe New Orhe first timeuccessful pr. e s

44、ame areafeatures carical columrates, steprsion relies ically, when(or column)fluids to act ong the desiFigure 2, wely. was nical need al jet d its ustry o the leans in a oject , the n be n are time on a the , the for a gned here *URXWLQJ*63 $6 in addition, equipment demands and site logistics for th

45、e latter are exactly the same as for the former. And so are the potential applications, although with the advantages that the elliptical geometry can bring into play and that will be described in the following paragraphs. MAIN BENEFITS As described above, the main reasons why the elliptical jet grou

46、ting technology was originally developed reside in the necessity of finding alternative, viable solutions to improve the efficiency of the traditional systems for the construction of diaphragm walls. In fact, the major benefits of this innovative technology are associated with the reduced column ove

47、rlaps needed to provide the same, for instance, wall width. As a matter of example, a continuous wall width is considered for the representations of Figure 3 where option a) shows the wall constructed by overlapping elliptical JG columns; option b) shows the same wall constructed with Cylindrical JG

48、 columns having the equivalent square footage of the elliptical columns; and option c) shows the same footprint constructed with cylindrical JG columns having the diameter equal to the major axis of the ellipses of option a). Figure 3: JG layout options to construct a diaphragm wall Although installation times (function of the injection parameters) and equipment capabilities, as well as design criteria and site specific conditions, may certainly vary, what appears evident in the sketch above is the much greater productivity and efficiency of the ell