ANSI SAIA A92.6-2006 Self-Propelled Elevating Work Platforms.pdf

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1、AMERICANNATIONALSTANDARD ANSI/SAIA A92.6 2006 (R2014) for Self - Propelled Elevating Work Platforms American National Standards Institute 11 West 42nd Street New York, New York 10036 1 Date of Publication: January 21, 2014 This Standard was approved by ANSI on January 21, 2014 The design and manufac

2、turing requirements of this standard apply to all aerial platforms manufactured on or after the effective date. All other provisions of this standard apply to both new and existing units delivered by sale, lease, rental or for any form of beneficial use on or after the effective date. The effective

3、date is established by the standards developer and not by the American National Standards Institute. This standard was developed under procedures accredited as meeting the criteria for American National Standards. The Consensus Committee that approved the standard was balanced to assure that individ

4、uals from competent and concerned interests have had an opportunity to participate. The proposed standard was made available for public review and comment which provides an opportunity for additional public input from industry, academia, regulatory agencies, and the public-at-large. The Scaffold the

5、ir existence does not in any respect preclude anyone, whether he has approved the standards or not, from manufacturing, marketing, purchasing, or using products, or procedures not conforming to the standards. The American National Standards Institute does not develop standards and will in no circums

6、tances give an interpretation of any American National Standard. Moreover, no person shall have the right or authority to issue an interpretation of an American National Standard in the name of the American National Standards Institute. Requests for interpretations should be addressed to the secreta

7、riat or sponsor whose name appears on the title page of this standard. CAUTION NOTICE: This American National Standard may be revised or withdrawn at any time. The procedures of the American National Standards Institute require that action be taken to reaffirm, revise, or withdraw this standard no l

8、ater than five years from the date of approval. Purchasers of American National Standards may receive current information on all standards by calling or writing the American National Standards Institute. Published by Scaffold Owners (Section 6); Users (Section 7); Operators (Section 8); Lessors (Sec

9、tion 9); Lessees (Section 10), and Brokers (Section 11). Manufacturer. A person or entity who makes, builds, or produces an aerial platform. Maximum travel height. The maximum platform height or the most adverse configuration(s) with respect to stability in which travel is permitted by the manufactu

10、rer. Modification, modified. To make a change(s) to an aerial platform that affects the operation, stability, safety factors, rated load or safety of the aerial platform in any way. Most adverse stability condition(s). The permitted configuration of the aerial platform most likely to cause instabili

11、ty while maintaining stability. Factors to be considered shall include: (1) With zero load to maximum test load. (2) Up to and including maximum platform height. (3) All positions and configurations of the platform(s). (4) All wheel and axle positions. (5) Forward and backward configurations of the

12、elevating assembly. (6) All other moveable features which affect the stability of the aerial platform. Multiple rating(s), multiple rated loads. Two or more different rated work loads based on alternative configurations of the aerial platform. Operation. Performance of functions of an aerial platfor

13、m within the scope of its specifications and in accordance with the manufacturers instructions, the users work rules, and applicable governmental regulations. Operator. A qualified person who controls the movement of an aerial platform. Outriggers. Devices that increase the stability of the aerial p

14、latform and that are capable of lifting and leveling the aerial platform. Override. To take over aerial platform movement control functions at the upper control station by those at the lower control station. Owner. A person or entity who has possession of an aerial platform by virtue of proof of pur

15、chase. Passive. Under specified conditions, automatically performed and not requiring any specific action to accomplish. Platform. The portion of an aerial platform intended to be occupied by personnel with their necessary tools and materials. Platform height. The vertical distance measured from the

16、 floor of the platform to the surface upon which the machine is being supported. Powered functions. Those which control motion of the platform or the aerial platform and are caused by electro- mechanical, hydraulic or pneumatic forces. Qualified person. One who, by possession of a recognized degree,

17、 certificate, or professional standing, or by extensive knowledge, training, and experience, has successfully demonstrated his/her ability to solve or resolve problems related to the subject matter, the work, or the project. Rated horizontal force. The maximum permissible horizontal force at the top

18、 rail which can be applied to the aerial platform as specified by the manufacturer. Rated work load. The designed carrying capacity of the aerial platform as specified by the manufacturer. 15 Rebuild/recondition. The act of disassembly, repair or adjustment of an aerial platform or component, utiliz

19、ing replacement parts and components, in accomplishing work beyond the scope of maintenance (as described and used in the standard) in order to restore, to the extent possible, the aerial platform or component to the original manufactured specifications. Remanufacture. The modification of an aerial

20、platform, either by the original manufacturer or another qualified entity, so that the aerial platform will comply with the ANSI Standard in effect on the date the modification is completed. Repair. The act of restoring to good condition that which has been broken, damaged or worn due to use, abuse

21、or other reasons. Shall. The word “shall” is to be understood as being mandatory. Should. The word “should” indicates that the rule is a recommendation, the advisability of which depends on the facts in each situation. Stability/Stable. A condition of an aerial platform in which the sum of the momen

22、ts that tend to overturn the unit is less than or equal to the sum of the moments tending to resist overturning. Stabilizers. Devices that increase the stability of the aerial platform but are not capable of lifting or leveling the aerial platform. Training. Instruction to enable the trainee to beco

23、me a qualified person regarding the task to be performed, including knowledge regarding potential hazards. Unintended motion. Motion of the aerial platform or platform without activation of any control. Unrestricted rated workload. The maximum designed carrying capacity of the aerial platform allowe

24、d by the manufacturer in all operating configurations. User. A person(s) or entity who has care, control and custody of the aerial platform. This person or entity may also be the employer of the operator, a dealer, owner, lessor, lessee, or operator. 4. Responsibilities of Manufacturers. 4.1 Basic p

25、rinciples. Sound engineering principles consistent with all data available regarding the parameters of intended use and expected environment shall be applied in the design, testing, and manufacture of aerial platforms, with due consideration for the knowledge that the unit will be carrying personnel

26、. 4.2 Rated work load. The rated work load of an aerial platform shall not be less than 250 pounds (114 kg). Either single or multiple ratings may be used. 4.2.1 Multiple ratings. Where multiple ratings are used, the following conditions shall be complied with: (1) When the rated workload is differe

27、nt for alternative configurations of the aerial platform, the manufacturer (remanufacturer) shall clearly describe these configurations, and the rated workload of each configuration, in the manual and on the platform. Examples of alternate configurations are, but shall not be limited to, the followi

28、ng: (a) Outriggers or stabilizers extended to firm footing versus not extended; (b) Platform and extension(s) extended versus retracted; (c) Platform attachment(s) attached versus unattached; (d) Elevating assembly elevated versus lowered; (e) Axles extended versus retracted. (2) When the rated work

29、load of the alternate configuration depends on the location of the platform in relation to the base, the manufacturer (remanufacturer) shall display the appropriate rated workload of that configuration to the operator at the control station(s). (3) The unrestricted rated work load, the rated number

30、of occupants, and the rated horizontal force shall be displayed at each access to the platform and operator control station. 4.3 Quality control. The manufacturer shall establish and follow a written quality control procedure to ensure compliance with Section 4 of this standard. 16 4.4 Proof test. E

31、ach production aerial platform on level ground shall sustain a load test which shall include the movement of the platform with a uniformly distributed platform load equaling 1.50 times the rated work load being imposed throughout the range of motions which confirm the integrity of the aerial platfor

32、m. A visual inspection shall be made to determine whether this test has produced an adverse effect on any component. 4.5 Welding Standards. All welding, including pressure applications such as hydraulic cylinders, shall conform to ANSI/AWS D1.1 - 2004 and ANSI/AWS D1.2 - 2003, or ANSI/AWS-D14.3-94,

33、except welder and procedure qualifications may be in accordance with one of the following: AWS B2.1 1998: Specification for Welding Procedure and Performance Qualification. ANSI/AMSE: 1998 Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section IX, Welding and Bracing Qualifications. EN 287-1: 1992 Approval Testin

34、g of Welders-Fusion Welding-Part 1, Steels. EN 287-2: 1992 Approval of Welders-Fusion Welding- Part II, Aluminum and Aluminum Alloys. EN 288: 1992 Specifications and Approval of Welding Procedures for Metallic Materials. 4.6 Structural, rope and chain safety factors . 4.6.1 Structural safety factors

35、. 4.6.1.1 Ductile elements. All load supporting elements of the aerial platform made of ductile materials shall have a structural safety factor of not less than 2 to 1 based on: (1) The minimum yield strength of the materials used (2) The column strength of the structure. 4.6.1.2 Nonductile elements

36、. Elements of the aerial platform that are made of nonductile materials shall have a structural safety factor of not less than 5 to 1 based on the minimum ultimate strength of the materials used. 4.6.1.3 Structural safety factor formulas. The design stress or column load used in determining the stru

37、ctural safety factor shall be the maximum stresses or column load developed within the element with the machine operating at its rated work load, used in the type of service for which it was designed, and operated in accordance with the manufacturers operating instructions. The design stress shall i

38、nclude the effects of stress concentration and dynamic loading as shown in the following formula: Structural Safety Factor = a (a1 + a2) f1 f2 Where: a = minimum yield strength for materials described in 4.6.1.1 or ultimate strength for materials described in 4.6.1.2 a1 = stress due to the weight of

39、 the structure a2 = stress due to the rated work load f1 = stress concentration factor f2 = dynamic loading factor The column load shall include the effects of dynamic loading as shown in the following formula: Structural Safety Factor = b (b1 + b2) f2 Where: b = column critical buckling load b1 = c

40、olumn load due to the weight of the structure b2 = column load due to the rated work load f2 = the dynamic loading factor The value of f1 and f2 may be determined by experimental stress analysis on a prototype unit. Otherwise, the values of f1 and f2 shall be not less than 1.10 and 1.25, respectivel

41、y. 4.6.2 Wire rope or chain safety factor. Where the platform is supporting its rated work load by a system of wire ropes or chains, or both, the safety factor of the wire rope or chain system shall not be less than 8 to 1 based on ultimate strength. 4.7 Controls. 4.7.1 Upper controls. Upper control

42、s shall be provided at the platform, and shall: (1) Be readily accessible to the operator. (2) Be oriented and/or move in the approximate direction of the function which they control with the control box in its normal position for operation. Control boxes not permanently attached shall have their no

43、rmal location and orientation clearly marked. (3) Include a separate control which shall be continuously activated by the operator for upper directional controls to be operational, 17 which can be released by the operator independently from the directional controls, and which renders the upper contr

44、ols inoperative when released. (4) Be of the type that automatically return to the “off” or “neutral“ position when released, if used to control any movement of the aerial platform. (5) Be protected against activation other than that initiated by the operator. (6) Be clearly marked. 4.7.2 Lower cont

45、rols. Lower controls shall be readily accessible from ground level and shall: (1) Override upper controls for powered functions. (2) Be provided for all powered functions except drive and steering. (3) Be of the type that automatically return to the “off” or “neutral” position when released. (4) Be

46、protected against activation other than that initiated by the operator. (5) Be clearly marked. 4.7.3 Emergency stop device. The aerial platform shall be equipped with readily identifiable emergency stop devices, located at the upper control and lower control stations, which will deactivate all power

47、ed functions that affect the movement of the platform or aerial platform. 4.7.4 Emergency lowering. Any aerial platform equipped with a powered elevating assembly shall be supplied with clearly marked emergency lowering means readily accessible from ground level. 4.7.5 Security. A security means sha

48、ll be provided to protect against unauthorized use of the aerial platform. 4.7.6 Slope warning. All aerial platforms shall be fitted with a warning device which is activated automatically when the aerial platform is at or beyond a slope (or slopes where the slope varies by direction) established by

49、the manufacturer. The warning device may be inoperative when the platform is not elevated. The machine must pass the Horizontal Load Test (4.8.1) at the maximum slope on which the warning device first activates. 4.8 Stability testing. A sample unit of each model shall remain stable, in the most adverse stability condition(s), or as noted in the specific test description, during the following tests: 4.8.1 Horizontal load test. The rated horizontal load (or side load) shall be established by this test. The aerial