ANSI INCITS ISO IEC 15444-2-2004 Information technology JPEG 2000 image coding system Extensions.pdf

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1、INCITS/ISO/IEC 15444-2-20042008 (ISO/IEC 15444-2:2004, IDT) Information technology JPEG 2000 image codingsystem: ExtensionsINCITS/ISO/IEC 15444-2-20042008(ISO/IEC 15444-2:2004, IDT)INCITS/ISO/IEC 15444-2-20042008 ii ITIC 2008 All rights reserved PDF disclaimer This PDF file may contain embedded type

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4、mized for printing. Every care has been taken to ensure that the file is suitable for use by ISO member bodies. In the unlikely event that a problem relating to it is found, please inform the Central Secretariat at the address given below. Adopted by INCITS (InterNational Committee for Information T

5、echnology Standards) as an American National Standard. Date of ANSI Approval: 11/12/2008 Published by American National Standards Institute, 25 West 43rd Street, New York, New York 10036 Copyright 2008 by Information Technology Industry Council (ITI). All rights reserved. These materials are subject

6、 to copyright claims of International Standardization Organization (ISO), International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), American National Standards Institute (ANSI), and Information Technology Industry Council (ITI). Not for resale. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form, inclu

7、ding an electronic retrieval system, without the prior written permission of ITI. All requests pertaining to this standard should be submitted to ITI, 1250 Eye Street NW, Washington, DC 20005. Printed in the United States of America ITIC 2008 All rights reserved iiiCONTENTS Page 1 Scope 1 2 Referenc

8、es 1 2.1 Identical Recommendations | International Standards 1 2.2 Additional references 2 3 Definitions 3 4 Abbreviations . 4 5 Symbols 4 6 General description. 5 6.1 Extensions specified by this Recommendation | International Standard. 5 6.1.1 Syntax . 5 6.1.2 Variable DC offset 5 6.1.3 Variable s

9、calar quantization 5 6.1.4 Trellis coded quantization. 5 6.1.5 Visual masking 5 6.1.6 Arbitrary decomposition . 5 6.1.7 Arbitrary wavelet transformation 6 6.1.8 Single sample overlap discrete wavelet transformations. 6 6.1.9 Multiple component transformations 6 6.1.10 Non-linear transformation. 6 6.

10、1.11 Region of interest 6 6.1.12 File format. 6 6.1.13 Metadata definitions 6 6.2 Relation between extensions . 7 Annex A Compressed data syntax, extension. 8 A.1 Extended capabilities 8 A.2 Extensions to ITU-T Rec. T.800 | ISO/IEC 15444-1 marker segment parameters . 8 A.2.1 Image and tile size (SIZ

11、), extended. 9 A.2.2 Start of tile-part (SOT) extended. 9 A.2.3 Coding style (COD, COC), extended 10 A.2.4 Quantization (QCD, QCC), extended . 12 A.2.5 Region of interest (RGN), extended 14 A.3 Extended marker segments 15 A.3.1 Variable DC offset (DCO) 15 A.3.2 Visual masking (VMS) . 16 A.3.3 Downsa

12、mpling factor styles (DFS). 17 A.3.4 Arbitrary decomposition styles (ADS) 18 A.3.5 Arbitrary transformation kernels (ATK) . 19 A.3.6 Component bit depth definition (CBD). 21 A.3.7 Multiple component transformation definition (MCT) . 22 A.3.8 Multiple component transform collection (MCC). 23 A.3.9 Mu

13、ltiple component transform ordering (MCO). 26 A.3.10 Non-linearity point transformation (NLT) 27 A.3.11 Quantization default, precinct (QPD) 29 A.3.12 Quantization precinct component (QPC) 30 Annex B Variable DC offset, extension . 33 B.1 Variable DC offset flow 33 B.2 Inverse DC offset 33 B.3 Forwa

14、rd DC offset (informative) 33 Annex C Variable scalar quantization, extension . 35 C.1 Variable scalar quantization 35 C.2 Variable scalar dequantization for irreversible filters . 35 C.3 Variable scalar quantization for irreversible filters (informative). 36 INCITS/ISO/IEC 15444-20042008iv ITIC 200

15、8 All rights reservedPage Annex D Trellis coded quantization extensions . 37 D.1 Introduction to TCQ 37 D.2 Sequence definition. 39 D.3 Forward TCQ quantization (informative) . 39 D.4 Inverse quantization (normative) 41 D.4.1 Full TCQ dequantization. 41 D.4.2 Approximate dequantization . 43 D.5 Lagr

16、angian rate allocation (informative). 44 Annex E Visual masking, extensions 49 E.1 Introduction to visual masking (informative) 49 E.2 Point-wise extended non-linearity (informative). 49 E.3 Decoding with visual masking 51 E.4 Encoding with visual masking (informative) 52 E.5 Setting parameters (inf

17、ormative). 52 E.6 Compatibility with other technologies (informative) 53 Annex F Arbitrary decomposition of tile-components, extensions. 54 F.1 Wavelet sub-bands 54 F.1.1 Tier 1: Number of decomposition levels. 54 F.1.2 Tier 2: Resolution formation. 54 F.1.3 Tier 3: Sub-level decompositions 54 F.1.4

18、 Tier 4: Horizontal and vertical splits to variable sub-level depths 54 F.1.5 Complete sub-band notation . 55 F.1.6 HorOrient, VerOrient and PrimeOrient sub-band operators . 55 F.2 Equation, text and decomposition updates 55 F.2.1 Updates to NLLL references . 56 F.2.2 Context updates. 56 F.2.3 Exten

19、sion to ITU.T Rec. T.800 | ISO/IEC 15444-1 Equation B-14 56 F.2.4 Remaining updates 57 F.2.5 Updates to decomposition structure 61 F.3 Inverse discrete wavelet transformation for general decompositions 66 F.3.1 Modified IDWT procedure . 67 F.3.2 Modified 2D_SR procedure 68 F.3.3 Modified 2D_INTERLEA

20、VE procedure 69 F.4 Forward discrete wavelet transformation for general decompositions (informative) 73 F.4.1 Modified FDWT procedure. 73 F.4.2 Modified 2D_SD procedure 74 F.4.3 Modified 2D_DEINTERLEAVE procedure . 75 Annex G Whole-sample symmetric transformation of images, extensions 80 G.1 Wavelet

21、 transformation parameters, definitions and normalizations 80 G.2 Whole-sample symmetric (WS) wavelet transformations reconstruction . 80 G.2.1 Normalization of WS wavelet transformations . 80 G.2.2 One-dimensional sub-band reconstruction procedure for WS wavelet transformations 81 G.3 Whole-sample

22、symmetric (WS) wavelet transformation decomposition (informative) 84 G.3.1 The 1D_SD_WS procedure (informative) 84 G.3.2 The 1D_FILTD_WS one-dimensional decomposition procedure (informative) 84 G.4 Examples of WS wavelet transformations (informative) 86 G.4.1 Reversible WS wavelet transformations (W

23、T_Typ = REV) (informative) 86 G.4.2 Irreversible WS wavelet transformations (WT_Typ = IRR) (informative) 87 Annex H Transformation of images using arbitrary wavelet transformations 89 H.1 Wavelet transformation parameters and normalizations . 89 H.1.1 Normalization of ARB wavelet transformations. 89

24、 H.1.2 Compatibility of ARB and WS wavelet transformations 89 INCITS/ISO/IEC 15444-20042008 ITIC 2008 All rights reserved vPage H.2 Arbitrary (ARB) wavelet transformation reconstruction procedures 90 H.2.1 The extended 1D_SR_ARB procedure . 90 H.2.2 The 1D_SCALER procedure 91 H.2.3 The 1D_STEPR proc

25、edure 92 H.2.4 Extension procedures 92 H.2.5 One-dimensional reconstruction update filtering procedures 94 H.3 Arbitrary (ARB) wavelet transformation decomposition procedures (informative) . 95 H.3.1 Extended 1D_SD_ARB procedure (informative) . 95 H.3.2 The 1D_STEPD procedure (informative) . 96 H.3.

26、3 Extension procedures (informative) 97 H.3.4 One-dimensional decomposition update procedures (informative). 97 H.3.5 1D_SCALED procedure (informative) . 98 H.4 Examples of ARB wavelet transformations (informative) 99 H.4.1 Examples of arbitrary wavelet transformations (Filt_Cat = ARB) (informative)

27、 . 99 H.4.2 Example of a structure for lifting implementation of half-sample symmetric wavelet transformations (informative) . 101 Annex I Single sample overlap discrete wavelet transform, extensions . 103 I.1 Introduction to single sample overlapping 103 I.2 The code-block anchor points (CBAP) exte

28、nsion . 103 I.2.1 Division of resolution levels in precincts 103 I.2.2 Division of the sub-bands into codeblocks 104 I.2.3 Resolution level-position-component-layer progression. 105 I.2.4 Position-component-resolution level-layer progression 106 I.2.5 Component-position-resolution level-layer progre

29、ssion . 106 I.3 The SSO extension 107 I.3.1 Single sample overlap inverse discrete wavelet transformation (SSO-IDWT) . 107 I.3.2 Single sample overlap forward discrete wavelet transformation (informative) 110 I.3.3 Selection of single sample overlap parameters (informative) . 112 I.3.4 SSO examples

30、(informative) . 113 I.4 The TSSO extension . 115 I.4.1 Signalling for the TSSO 115 I.4.2 Partitioning of the image into single-sample overlapping tiles . 115 I.4.3 Reconstruction of images samples from reconstructed tiles . 116 I.5 Combining the SSO and TSSO extensions (informative) . 116 Annex J Mu

31、ltiple component transformations, extension. 117 J.1 Introduction to multiple component transformation concepts. 117 J.2 Overview of inverse processing 117 J.2.1 Inverse multiple component transformation (MCO_TRANSFORM). 118 J.2.2 Multiple component transformation stage (MCC_TRANS) . 119 J.2.3 Trans

32、formation component collection (CC_TRANS). 121 J.3 Transformations 123 J.3.1 Array-based transforms. 124 J.3.2 Wavelet-based transformation. 132 Annex K Non-linear transformation . 134 K.1 Signallng the use of the non-linear transformations 134 K.1.1 Decoded component reconstruction 134 K.1.2 Bit de

33、pth and interaction with the multiple component transformation 134 K.1.3 Marker interpretation 135 K.2 Non-linear transformation specifications 135 K.2.1 Gamma-style non-linearity 135 K.2.2 LUT-style reverse non-linearity transformation 137 Annex L Region of interest coding and extraction, extension

34、s. 139 L.1 Decoding of ROI. 139 L.2 Description of the Scaling based method 139 L.2.1 Encoding with ROI (informative) . 139 INCITS/ISO/IEC 15444-20042008vi ITIC 2008 All rights reservedPage L.3 Region of interest mask generation. 140 L.3.1 Rectangular mask generation on the reference grid 141 L.3.2

35、Elliptic mask generation on the reference grid 141 L.3.3 Region of Interest mask generation of whole-sample symmetric filter banks 142 L.3.4 Region of Interest mask generation of arbitrary optional filter banks. 142 L.3.5 Fast generation of a rectangular mask (informative). 143 L.4 Remarks on region

36、 of interest coding 145 L.4.1 Usage together with Maxshift method described in ITU-T T.800 | ISO/IEC 15444-1 . 145 L.4.2 Multi-component remark (informative) 145 L.4.3 Implementation Precision remark (informative) . 145 Annex M JPX extended file format syntax. 146 M.1 File format scope. 146 M.2 Intr

37、oduction to JPX . 146 M.2.1 File identification 146 M.2.2 File organization . 146 M.2.3 Greyscale/Colour/multi-component specification. 147 M.2.4 Specification of opacity information. 147 M.2.5 Metadata 147 M.2.6 Storage of a codestream within JPX . 147 M.2.7 Combining multiple codestreams 147 M.3 G

38、reyscale/Colour/Palette/multi-component specification architecture . 148 M.3.1 Extensions to the Colour Specification box header. 148 M.3.2 Extensions to the Enumerated method 148 M.3.3 Any ICC method . 148 M.3.4 Vendor Colour method 148 M.3.5 Palettized colour 149 M.3.6 Using multiple methods 149 M

39、.3.7 Interactions with the decorrelating multiple component transformation. 149 M.4 Fragmenting the codestream between one or more files . 149 M.5 Combining multiple codestreams 151 M.5.1 Mapping codestreams to compositing layers 151 M.5.2 Sharing header and metadata information between codestreams

40、and compositing layers 152 M.5.3 Composition 152 M.6 Using reader requirements masks to determine how a file can be used 154 M.6.1 Types of expressions. 155 M.6.2 Expression representation . 155 M.6.3 Testing an Implementation against Requirements Expressions 160 M.7 Extensions to the JPX file forma

41、t and the registration of extensions 161 M.7.1 Registration elements 161 M.7.2 Differentiation between publication and registration 162 M.7.3 Items which can be extended by registration 162 M.7.4 Published items . 164 M.7.5 Registration process 165 M.7.6 Timeframes for the registration process 165 M

42、.8 Differences from the JP2 binary definition . 165 M.9 Conformance. 166 M.9.1 Interpretation of JPX data structures. 166 M.9.2 Support for JPX feature set . 166 M.10 Key to graphical descriptions (informative) 168 M.11 Defined boxes . 168 M.11.1 Reader Requirements box . 171 M.11.2 Data Reference b

43、ox. 174 M.11.3 Fragment Table box (superbox) 174 M.11.4 Cross-Reference box . 175 M.11.5 JP2 Header box (superbox) . 176 M.11.6 Codestream Header box (superbox) 178 M.11.7 Compositing Layer Header box (superbox) 179 M.11.8 Contiguous Codestream box . 190 M.11.9 Media Data box. 191 INCITS/ISO/IEC 154

44、44-20042008 ITIC 2008 All rights reserved viiPage M.11.10 Composition box (superbox). 191 M.11.11 Association box (superbox). 194 M.11.12 Number List box . 196 M.11.13 Label box 197 M.11.14 Binary Filter box . 197 M.11.15 Desired Reproductions box (superbox). 198 M.11.16 ROI Description box . 199 M.

45、11.17 Digital Signature box 200 M.11.18 XML box 202 M.11.19 MPEG-7 Binary box . 203 M.11.20 Free box 203 M.12 Dealing with unknown boxes 203 M.13 Using the JPX file format in conjunction with other multi-media standards (informative) 203 Annex N JPX file format extended metadata definition and synta

46、x. 204 N.1 Introduction to extended metadata 204 N.2 Additional references for extended metadata 204 N.3 Scope of metadata definitions . 204 N.3.1 Image Creation metadata. 205 N.3.2 Content Description metadata . 205 N.3.3 History metadata . 205 N.3.4 Intellectual Property Rights metadata . 205 N.3.

47、5 Fundamental metadata types and elements . 205 N.4 Metadata syntax 205 N.4.1 Metadata schema definition language . 205 N.4.2 Namespace 205 N.4.3 Document type definition information 206 N.4.4 XML Schema information 206 N.5 Defined boxes . 206 N.5.1 Image Creation metadata box 206 N.5.2 Content Desc

48、ription metadata box 207 N.5.3 History box 207 N.5.4 Intellectual Property Rights box 208 N.5.5 Image Identifier box 208 N.6 Metadata definitions 208 N.6.1 Image Creation metadata. 209 N.6.2 Content Description metadata . 220 N.6.3 History metadata . 226 N.6.4 Intellectual Property Rights metadata .

49、 229 N.6.5 Image Identifier metadata . 236 N.7 Fundamental type and element definitions 237 N.7.1 Defined types 237 N.7.2 Defined attributes 254 N.7.3 Defined elements. 255 N.8 JPX extended metadata document type definition 255 N.9 JPX extended metadata XML Schema 265 Annex O Examples and guidelines, extensions 281 O.1 Arbitrary decomposition examples . 281 O.2 Odd Tile Low Pass First (OTLPF) convention . 303 O.2.1 Example one (even tile sizes) 304 O.2.2 Example two (odd