ANSI AWWA B301-2010 Liquid Chlorine《液态氯》.pdf

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1、ANSI/AWWA B301-10(Revision of ANSI/AWWA B301-04)AW WA StandardEffective date: April 1, 2010.First edition approved by AWWA Board of Directors Jan. 26, 1992.This edition approved Jan. 17, 2010.Approved by American National Standards Institute Jan. 14, 2010.6666 West Quincy Avenue Advocacy Denver, CO

2、80235-3098 Communications T 800.926.7337 Conferences www.awwa.org Education and TrainingScience and TechnologySectionsThe Authoritative Resource on Safe WaterLiquid Chlorineb301-10.indd i 3/9/2010 8:28:25 AMCopyright 2010 American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved.iiAWWA StandardThis docu

3、ment is an American Water Works Association (AWWA) standard. It is not a specifi cation. AWWA standards describe minimum requirements and do not contain all of the engineering and administrative information normally contained in specifi -cations. The AWWA standards usually contain options that must

4、be evaluated by the user of the standard. Until each optional feature is specifi ed by the user, the product or service is not fully defi ned. AWWA publication of a standard does not constitute endorsement of any product or product type, nor does AWWA test, certify, or approve any product. The use o

5、f AWWA standards is entirely voluntary. This standard does not supersede or take precedence over or displace any applicable law, regulation, or codes of any governmental authority. AWWA standards are intended to represent a consensus of the water supply industry that the product described will provi

6、de satisfactory service. When AWWA revises or withdraws this standard, an offi cial notice of action will be placed on the fi rst page of the classifi ed advertising section of Journal AWWA. The action becomes effective on the fi rst day of the month following the month of Journal AWWA publication o

7、f the offi cial notice.American National StandardAn American National Standard implies a consensus of those substantially concerned with its scope and provisions. An Ameri-can National Standard is intended as a guide to aid the manufacturer, the consumer, and the general public. The existence of an

8、American National Standard does not in any respect preclude anyone, whether that person has approved the standard or not, from manufacturing, marketing, purchasing, or using products, processes, or procedures not conforming to the standard. American National Standards are subject to periodic review,

9、 and users are cautioned to obtain the latest editions. Producers of goods made in conformity with an American National Standard are encouraged to state on their own responsibility in advertis-ing and promotional materials or on tags or labels that the goods are produced in conformity with particula

10、r American National Standards.CAUTION NOTICE: The American National Standards Institute (ANSI) approval date on the front cover of this standard indicates completion of the ANSI approval process. This American National Standard may be revised or withdrawn at any time. ANSI procedures require that ac

11、tion be taken to reaffi rm, revise, or withdraw this standard no later than fi ve years from the date of publication. Purchasers of American National Standards may receive current information on all standards by calling or writing the American National Standards Institute, 25 West 43rd Street, Fourt

12、h Floor, New York, NY 10036; (212) 642-4900, or e-mailing infoansi.org.All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information or retrieval system, except in the form o

13、f brief excerpts or quotations for review purposes, without the written permission of the publisher.Copyright 2010 by American Water Works AssociationPrinted in USAb301-10.indd Sec1:ii 3/9/2010 8:28:35 AMCopyright 2010 American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved.iiiCommittee PersonnelTh e

14、AWWA Standards Committee on Disinfectants, which reviewed and approved this standard, had the following personnel at the time of approval:Cli ord L. McLain, ChairGeneral Interest MembersD.J. Gates, Citrus Heights, Calif. (AWWA)G. Giasson, Pawtucket Water Supply Board, Pawtucket, R.I. (AWWA)S.J. Posa

15、vec,*Standards Group Liaison, AWWA, Denver, Colo. (AWWA)K.B. Stark, NSF International, Ann Arbor, Mich. (AWWA)D.R. Wilkes,* Standards Council Liaison, Jordan Jones but at 100F (37.8C), the chlorine vapor pressure increases to about 140 psig (1,000 kPa gauge). When the pressure is released, liquid ch

16、lorine vaporizes into a greenish-yellow gas about 2.5 times as dense as air. One volume of liquid chlorine, when vaporized, will yield about 460 volumes of gas. At 60F (15.6C) under atmospheric pressure, about 0.8 lb of chlorine is soluble in 100 lb of water (equivalent to about 8 kg of chlorine in

17、1,000 kg 1 m3 of water).*4.2.2 Reactivity. Neither gaseous nor liquid chlorine is explosive or fl am-mable, but both can react violently with many organic materials and chemicals. Although dry chlorine does not react with (corrode) many metals, it is very reactive (strongly corrosive) when moisture

18、also is present. It will react spontaneously with iron or steel at 483F (251C), and a similar reaction has been reported with cop-per at elevated temperatures. Dry chlorine will react spontaneously with titanium metal.Sec. 4.3 Chemical RequirementsTh e liquid chlorine supplied according to this stan

19、dard shall be not less than 99.5 percent pure by volume as determined by analyzing the chlorine by the method described in Sec. 5.3.2.1. Sec. 4.4 Impurities4.4.1 General. Th e liquid chlorine supplied according to this standard shall contain no soluble mineral or organic substances in quantities cap

20、able of pro-ducing deleterious or injurious e ects on the health of persons consuming water that has been treated properly with the liquid chlorine.4.4.2 Product certifi cations. Liquid chlorine is a direct additive used in the treatment of potable water and wastewater. Th is material should be cert

21、ifi ed * For additional information on physical and thermodynamic properties, see the Chlorine Institute manuals ref-erenced in appendix A of this standard or R.M. Kapoar and J.J. Martini, Th ermodynamic Properties of Chlorine, University of Michigan Press (1957). See Sec. I.C of the foreword.b301-1

22、0.indd 4 3/9/2010 8:28:36 AMCopyright 2010 American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved.LIQUID CHLORINE 5as suitable for contact with or treatment of drinking water by an accredited cer-tifi cation organization in accordance with NSF/ANSI Standard 60, Drinking Water Treatment ChemicalsHealt

23、h E ects. Evaluation shall be accomplished in accordance with requirements that are no less restrictive than those listed in NSF/ANSI Standard 60. Certifi cation shall be performed by a certifi cation organization accredited by the American National Standards Institute.All chlorine used in water dis

24、infection is required to be registered with USEPA under the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA).*4.4.3 Moisture. Th e liquid chlorine supplied shall be dry chlorine. Mois-ture shall not exceed 150 ppm (0.015 percent) by weight.4.4.4 Heavy metals. Th e sum of all heavy metals

25、shall not exceed 30 ppm (0.003 percent) expressed as lead.4.4.4.1 Lead shall not exceed 10 ppm (0.001 percent) reported as lead.4.4.4.2 Mercury shall not exceed 1 ppm (0.0001 percent) reported as mercury.4.4.4.3 Arsenic shall not exceed 3 ppm (0.0003 percent) reported as metal-lic arsenic.4.4.5 Nonv

26、olatile residue. Th e total residue shall not exceed (1) 50 ppm (0.005 percent), by weight, in liquid chlorine, as loaded by the manufacturer in tank cars and chlorine tank trucks, or (2) 150 ppm (0.015 percent), by weight, in liquid chlorine, as packaged in cylinders or ton containers.4.4.6 Carbon

27、tetrachloride. Carbon tetrachloride shall not exceed 100 ppm (0.010 percent). Testing for carbon tetrachloride is not required unless a car-bon tetrachloride tail-gas scrubbing system is used in the chlorine production unit or if it is used as a diluent for nitrogen trichloride. Consult with your ma

28、nufac-turer, packager, or supplier.4.4.7 Trihalomethanes. Trihalomethanes shall not exceed 300 ppm (0.030 percent).* Users of ANSI/AWWA B301 outside the United States should verify applicable local, provincial, and national regulatory requirements. Because of frequent changes in these regulations, a

29、ll parties should remain informed of possible revisions. Provisions of the purchasers documents should not preclude compliance with applicable regulations.b301-10.indd 5 3/9/2010 8:28:36 AMCopyright 2010 American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved.6 AWWA B301-10SECTION 5: VERIFICATIONSec.

30、5.1 InspectionAll containers shall be carefully examined by the supplier as discussed in Chlorine Institute Pamphlet 17 and in Compressed Gas Association Pamphlet C6, including proper holding of fi lled containers to check for leaks before fi lling. Any containers that show evidence of leakage, dama

31、ge, or corrosion shall be rejected. Chlorine cylinders and ton containers, valves, valve threads, and valve packings shall be in good mechanical order and shall operate normally with a wrench that is no longer than 8 in. (0.2 m). If the condition of the container and valves does not conform to any r

32、ecommended practice in the above pamphlets in all applicable respects, the manufacturer or packager supplying the chlorine shall be notifi ed immediately and shall take immediate action to ensure compliance.Routine inspection and cleaning of the interiors of chlorine cylinders and ton containers sha

33、ll be performed by the supplier because of the potential buildup of contaminants when chlorine is removed as a gas.Sec. 5.2 SamplingIf the purchaser specifi es that the chlorine shall be tested, the samples shall be taken at the point of shipment according to ASTM E410, ASTM E412, and ASTM E806.Also

34、 see Chlorine Institute Pamphlet 77 on sampling chlorine. Th is system must be followed for carbon tetrachloride and trihalomethane analyses.Sec. 5.3 Test Procedures5.3.1 General. Most purchasers will depend on the manufacturer or sup-plier to provide a certifi ed analysis detailing the desired item

35、s; therefore, testing methods are listed by reference to the applicable ASTM and Food Chemicals Codex methods.5.3.2 Referenced test methods.5.3.2.1 Assay. Assay shall be as determined by ASTM E412 or by a gas chromatographic method.5.3.2.2 Moisture and residue. Moisture and residue shall be as deter

36、-mined by ASTM E410.5.3.2.3 Carbon tetrachloride and trihalomethanes. Carbon tetrachloride and trihalomethanes shall be determined by the test method described in ASTM E806.b301-10.indd 6 3/9/2010 8:28:36 AMCopyright 2010 American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved.LIQUID CHLORINE 75.3.3 S

37、ample solution for the determination of arsenic, heavy metals, lead, and mercury.To prepare the sample solution, dissolve the residue (obtained in the test for residue) in 2.5 mL of freshly prepared aqua regia. Dilute with water to a volume in milliliters equivalent to the weight in grams of the ini

38、tial chlorine sample, so that 1 mL of the fi nal dilution is equivalent to 1 g of chlorine.5.3.3.1 Arsenic.*A 1-mL portion of the sample solution diluted with water to 35 mL shall meet the requirements of the arsenic test of the Food Chemi-cals Codex (6th ed., 2008).5.3.3.2 Heavy metals. A 0.67-mL p

39、ortion of the sample solution diluted with water to 25 mL shall meet the requirements of the heavy metals test of the Food Chemicals Codex (6th ed., 2008), using 20 g of lead ion (Pb) in the control (solution A).5.3.3.3 Lead.*A 1-mL portion of the sample solution mixed with 5 mL of water and 11 mL o

40、f diluted hydrochloric acid test solutionshall meet the requirements of the lead limit test of the Food Chemicals Codex (6th ed., 2008), using 10 g of lead ion (Pb) in the control.5.3.3.4 Mercury. Mercury shall be determined by the test method described in ASTM E506.Sec. 5.4 Notice of Nonconformance

41、If the material or its container delivered to the purchaser does not meet the chemical, physical, safety, or security requirements of this standard, the purchaser shall provide a notice of nonconformance to the supplier within 5 days after receipt of shipment at the point of destination. In this eve

42、nt, the supplier shall remove the unsuitable product or container from the premises of the purchaser at the pur-chasers request and replace it with a like amount of satisfactory liquid chlorine in an acceptable container.* Atomic absorption spectrometric methods as described in Standard Methods for

43、the Examination of Water and Wastewater (latest edition) may be used for these tests. A solution containing 10 percent (weight/volume) of hydrochloric acid (HCl). Prepare by diluting 236 mL of hy-drochloric acid (36 percent) with su cient water to make 1,000 mL.b301-10.indd 7 3/9/2010 8:28:36 AMCopy

44、right 2010 American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved.8 AWWA B301-10SECTION 6: DELIVERYSec. 6.1 Marking*Each container shall be marked to clearly indicate the contents and shall bear the current precautionary information required by the US Department of Trans-portation (DOT), US Environme

45、ntal Protection Agency (USEPA), and other reg-ulatory agencies concerned with the hazardous nature of chlorine. Liquid chlorine is classifi ed by DOT as a 2.3 toxic gas.Sec. 6.2 PackagingTh e manufacturer or packager shall pack the liquid chlorine in containers that comply in every respect with the

46、current Hazardous Materials Regulations of the DOT (49 CFR 100-177 Chapter 1, Subchapter C) for shipment of chlorine. Th e containers shall be inspected, reconditioned, cleaned, maintained, and loaded in strict accordance with the latest edition of Chlorine Institute Pamphlet 17. (Because of frequen

47、t changes in the regulations, the purchaser should not restate the actual regulations in their documents.)6.2.1 Packaging precautions. Packagers receiving liquid chlorine from a manufacturer shall be extremely cautious during packaging operations to prevent the addition of moisture or other contamin

48、ants that would increase the formation of ferric chloride or the introduction of any other deleterious material that could clog valves, evaporators, or chlorinators.6.2.2 Filling density.Filling density shall not exceed 125 percent. Th e fi lling density is defi ned as the percent ratio of the weigh

49、t of chlorine in the container to the weight of water that the container will hold at 60F (15.6C).6.2.3 Security requirements for nonbulk shipments. Packaged product shall be stored, shipped, and delivered in tamper-evident packaging as defi ned in Sec-tion 3, item 9, or an alternative method or methods may be agreed on by the manu-facturer and purchaser that provide a reasonable assurance of protection against tampering.* Governmental packaging and marking references refl ect US requirements. Users of ANSI/AWWA B301 outside the United Sta