ANSI ASTM F2680-2017 Standard Test Methods and Specifications for Bicycle Manually Operated Front Wheel Retention Systems.pdf

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1、Designation: F2680 17 An American National StandardStandard Test Methods and Specifications forBicycle Manually Operated Front Wheel Retention Systems1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2680; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or

2、, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 These test methods and specifications cover the standardfor front wheel retenti

3、on systems for all bicycles equipped withmanually operated retention systems such as a quick release.1.2 This specification is only for bicycles equipped withmanually operated retention systems, and does not apply totool-operated wheel retention systems.1.3 The intent of this specification is to def

4、ine the perfor-mance of primary and secondary wheel retention systems, withthe focus on preventing unintended wheel separation andprevention of unintended contact of the retention system withthe disc brake rotor or wheel.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. No other units

5、 of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-mine the applica

6、bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the

7、 World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Terminology2.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:2.1.1 adult bicycle, nbicycle designed for, and marketedto, adult riders.2.1.2 bicycle fork (fork), nstructure between the head tubeand front hub axle, including some

8、 or all of the followingcomponents; the steerer tube, crown, fork blades, triple clamps,shock absorbers, lower tubes, upper tubes and dropouts (forkends).2.1.3 direction of removal of the wheel from the fork,ndirection, when both primary and secondary wheel reten-tion systems are disengaged, that pr

9、ovides the least resistanceto wheel and fork separation or wheel removal.2.1.4 disc brake, na brake that uses a caliper to squeeze apair of pads against a disc brake rotor in order to create frictionthat slows and stops the rotation of the wheel assembly.2.1.5 disc brake rotor, nthe component of a d

10、isc brakeagainst which the brake pads are pressed in order to stop. Therotor is attached to the wheel hub.2.1.6 dropout (fork end), nfork component used tosupport, or mount, the front wheel at the axle.2.1.7 manually operated, adjwithout the use of tools.2.1.8 primary retention, nsystem that keeps t

11、he bicyclewheel connected to the bicycle fork for riding.2.1.9 primary retention system in the unlocked position,nposition where, (1) if a quick release cam is used, the camis opened as far as possible or (2) if a turning style system suchas a wing nut or another non-cam style system is used, theman

12、ual lever is loosened 360.2.1.10 quick release assembly, nlever-actuated cammechanism that connects and retains the bicycle front wheel tothe bicycle fork.2.1.10.1 DiscussionThe assembly generally consists of alever (actuating the cam mechanism), adjusting nut and springs(two, optional).2.1.11 secon

13、dary retention, nsystem that retains the bi-cycle wheel in the dropouts when the primary retention systemis in the open (unlocked) position.2.1.12 wheel hub, nassembly consisting of an axle con-nected by bearings to a hub shell, to which the spokes attach,and permitting the shell to revolve around t

14、he axle.3. Performance Requirements3.1 Bicycles equipped with a manually operated primaryretention system shall be equipped with a secondary retention.3.2 The primary retention shall prevent relative motionbetween the front wheel axle and the front fork dropouts whentested by the methods described i

15、n 4.1.1 and as shown in Fig.1.1These test methods and specifications are under the jurisdiction of ASTMCommittee F08 on Sports Equipment, Playing Surfaces, and Facilities and are thedirect responsibility of Subcommittee F08.10 on Bicycles.Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2017. Published October 201

16、7. Originallyapproved in 2009. Last previous edition approved in 2014 as F2680 09 (2014).DOI: 10.1520/F2680-17.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally

17、 recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.13.3 The secondary retention shall prevent front wheel re-m

18、oval or partial separation when tested by the methodsdescribed in 4.1.2. Examples of front wheel partial separationare shown in Fig. 2.3.4 Manually operated wheel retention systems shall not beused on bicycles with 20-in. (51-cm) diameter wheels orsmaller (excluding adult bicycles).3.5 When the quic

19、k release assembly is installed into thetest fixture (Fig. 3), the quick release lever shall not contact thefixture surface at any time during the test described in 4.2,ineither an open or closed position (Fig. 4 and Fig. 5).3.6 The quick release lever shall not interfere with therotation of the whe

20、el, including any attachments (for example,rotor), in either the open or closed position when the quickrelease is used as a system assembly (complete bicycle) andpositioned according to the manufacturers instructions.4. Test Methods4.1 Test SetupRemove the braking system entirely or setto the state

21、for wheel removal. Remove the tire from the wheel,and mount the fork only by the steerer tube so that the forkcannot rotate (Fig. 1). Assemble and adjust the primary andsecondary retention systems according to the manufacturersinstructions.4.1.1 Primary Retention TestLock the primary retentionsystem

22、 for the riding condition and apply a force of 2300 N thatis distributed symmetrically on the axle for a period of 1 minin the direction of removal of the wheel from the fork.4.1.2 Secondary Retention TestAs shown in Fig. 6, withthe primary retention system in the unlocked position, apply aForce “A”

23、 of 200 N distributed symmetrically on the axle inthe direction of the removal of the wheel from the fork. Whileapplying Force “A”, apply a separate 100 N Force “B” on thewheel rim as follows:(1) LocationAt the intersection of the extension of theForce “A” vector and a rim of maximum size compatible

24、 withthe fork.(2) DirectionApplied on the wheel rim in a directionparallel to the hub axle and on the line of the direction ofremoval of the front wheel.(3) DurationApply force for 1 min, then reduce Force“B” to zero as quickly as possible while maintaining Force“A”. Then reduce Force “A” to zero.FI

25、G. 1 Typical Primary Retention Test ApparatusF2680 1724.1.2.1 Repeat 4.1.2 with Force “B” applied on the oppositeside of the wheel (Fig. 7).4.1.2.2 If the quick release lever can be manually installedon either side of the fork, the test shall be performed with thelever on each side. See Fig. 6 and F

26、ig. 8.(1) Repeat the test described in 4.1.2 with the assemblyshown in Fig. 8.(2) Repeat the test described in 4.1.2.1 with the assemblyshown in Fig. 9.4.2 Quick Release Lever Clearance TestThe test shall beconducted on the complete quick release assembly (all hard-ware).Atest fixture similar to tha

27、t shown in Fig. 3 shall be usedwith a mass of 2.5 kg (5.5 lbf) hanging from the end of theskewer opposite the lever of the quick release mechanism. Thefixture and mass shall remain concentric during the test. Applya force of 4.44 N (1.0 lbf, 0.45 Kgf), 5 mm from the end of thelever, in a direction p

28、arallel with the quick release axis, in eachof the open and closed positions for a duration of 1 min. WhileFIG. 2 Failure Mode ExamplesF2680 173under load, observe the position of the quick release lever inrelation to any part of the fixture (Fig. 4). There shall be nocontact with the fixture (conta

29、ct is shown in Fig. 5).5. Rejection5.1 Bicycle front wheel retention systems that fail to meetthe performance requirements of this specification will berejected.6. Keywords6.1 bicycle fork; bicycle quick release; bicycle wheel; discbrake; disc brake rotor; dropout; fork end; wheel hub; wheelretentio

30、nKey:1 Quick release assembly (Thru-Axle Assembly note shown)2 Test fixture example (10 mm raised center)3 2.5 kg (5.51 lb) mass4 Test fixture with quick release assembly and massNOTE 1Ensure that the 10 mm raised section of the fixture does not interfere with the quick release lever arm when the le

31、ver is in the fully openor closed position. The diameter of the 10 mm raised section should be such that it can accommodate the test without contacting the lever arm.FIG. 3 Test FixtureFIG. 4 Passing Result FIG. 5 Failure ModeF2680 174FIG. 6 Typical Secondary Retention Test ApparatusFIG. 7 Typical S

32、econdary Retention Test ApparatusF2680 175FIG. 8 Typical Secondary Retention Test ApparatusFIG. 9 Typical Secondary Retention Test ApparatusF2680 176ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users

33、 of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every f

34、ive years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical

35、 committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken,

36、PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the Copyright Clearance Center, 222Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, Tel: (978) 646-2600; http:/ 177