ANSI ASME PTC 23-2003 Atmospheric Water Cooling Equipment.pdf

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1、ATMOSPHERICWATER COOLINGEQUIPMENTASME PTC 23-2003Revision of ANSI/ASME PTC 23-1986 (R1997)An American National StandardC05503PERFORMANCE TEST CODESPTC 23-2003ASMEREAFFIRMED 2014FOR CURRENT COMMITTEE PERSONNELPLEASE E-MAIL CSasme.orgIntentionally left blank AN AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDATMOSPHERICWAT

2、ER COOLINGEQUIPMENTASME PTC 23-2003REVISION OF ANSI/ASME PTC 23-1986 (R1997)PERFORMANCE TEST CODESDate of Issuance: November 10, 2003This Standard will be revised when the Society approves the issuance of a new edition. There willbe no addenda issued to this edition.ASME issues written replies to in

3、quiries concerning interpretations of technical aspects of thisStandard. Interpretations are published on the ASME Web site under the Committee Pages athttp:/www.asme.org/codes/ as they are issued.ASME is the registered trademark of The American Society of Mechanical Engineers.This code or standard

4、was developed under procedures accredited as meeting the criteria for American NationalStandards. The Standards Committee that approved the code or standard was balanced to assure that individuals fromcompetent and concerned interests have had an opportunity to participate. The proposed code or stan

5、dard was madeavailableforpublicreviewandcommentthatprovidesanopportunityforadditionalpublicinputfromindustry,academia,regulatory agencies, and the public-at-large.ASME does not “approve,” “rate,” or “endorse” any item, construction, proprietary device, or activity.ASME does not take any position wit

6、h respect to the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with anyitems mentioned in this document, and does not undertake to insure anyone utilizing a standard against liability forinfringement of any applicable letters patent, nor assume any such liability. Users of a code or standard

7、are expresslyadvised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the risk of infringement of such rights, isentirely their own responsibility.Participation by federal agency representative(s) or person(s) affiliated with industry is not to be interpreted asgovernment or industr

8、y endorsement of this code or standard.ASME accepts responsibility for only those interpretations of this document issued in accordance with the establishedASME procedures and policies, which precludes the issuance of interpretations by individuals.No part of this document may be reproduced in any f

9、orm,in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise,without the prior written permission of the publisher.The American Society of Mechanical EngineersThree Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5990Copyright 2003 byTHE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERSAll rights reservedPrinted in U.S.A.CONTENTSFore

10、word vCommitteeRoster . viCorrespondencewiththePTC23Committee . viiiIntroduction. ixSection 1 Object and Scope 11-1 Object . 11-2 Scope . 11-3 Uncertainty 1Section 2 Definitions and Description of Terms 32-1 Symbols . 32-2 Definitions 62-3 Units 7Section 3 Guiding Principles 83-1 AdvancedPlanningfor

11、Test 83-2 AgreementsPriortoTest . 83-3 TestOverview . 83-4 PreparationforTest 93-5 DurationofTesting 93-6 StabilityofTestConditions 103-7 Readings 103-8 Limitations 103-9 ManufacturersPerformanceCurves 11Section 4 Instruments and Methods of Measurement . 134-1 GeneralRequirements . 134-2 Measurement

12、ofWaterFlow . 134-3 MeasurementofWaterTemperature 174-4 MeasurementofAirTemperature 184-5 WindVelocity . 204-6 TowerPumpHead 214-7 MeasurementofFanPower 214-8 MeasurementofSoundLevel 224-9 MeasurementofAtmosphericPressure . 224-10 MeasurementofWSACCPressureandHeatLoad 224-11 WaterAnalysis 224-12 Mea

13、surementofDriftLoss . 234-13 DataRecording 23Section 5 Calculations and Results 245-1 General . 245-2 WaterFlow 255-3 WaterTemperatures . 265-4 AirTemperatures 275-5 SteamCondensingTemperature 275-6 AirVelocity . 275-7 TowerPumpingHead . 285-8 FanPower. 285-9 AtmosphericPressure 295-10 ThermalCapabi

14、lity 29iii5-11 PlumeCompliance 305-12 Uncertainty 32Section 6 Report of Results . 366-1 CompositionofReport. 366-2 ReportData . 36Figures4-2.1 RecommendedVelocityTraverseProbePositions 14Tables3-8 NoncondensableGasLoadLimits 124-5.2 UpperLevelWindExponent . 215-3 TemperatureCorrections . 26Nonmandat

15、ory AppendicesA PerformanceMonitoring . 37B UltrasonicFlowmeters . 41C TracerDilutionMethodforWaterFlowDetermination 45D UncertaintyCalculation 48E SampleCalculationforMechanicalDraftTowers . 58F SampleCalculationforNaturalDraftTowers . 64G SampleCalculationforPlumeCompliance . 73H SampleCalculation

16、forClosed-CircuitEvaporativeCoolers . 76I SampleCalculationforWetSurfaceAir-CooledCondensers(WSACC) 82J IllustrationsofCoolingEquipment . 87K OtherMethodsforAirTemperatureMeasurement 99L ReportingForms 100M References . 109ivFOREWORDIn1918,revisionbeganontheoriginaltenCodesthatformedthe1915editionof

17、theASMEPower Test Codes and it was decided to include water cooling in the list of revised Codes.FollowingtheappearanceoftheTestCodeforAtmosphericWaterCoolingEquipmentintentativeform in the August 1928 issue of Mechanical Engineering, the Society presented this Code fordiscussionatapublichearingheld

18、inDecember1928duringitsannualmeetinginNewYork.TheCodewasapprovedattheJune2,1930meetingoftheStandingCommittee,andwasadoptedbytheCouncilasastandardpracticeoftheSocietyonAugust4,1930.AnewTechnicalCommitteeforAtmosphericWaterCoolingEquipmentwasformedin1948toupdatetheCode.Agreementonthelocationforthewet-

19、bulbtemperaturemeasurementwasthemajorissue.Whiletherewasgeneralrecognitionthattowerperformancewasgovernedbytheenteringwet-bulbtemperature,atthattimetherewasconcernaboutresponsibilityforplumere-circulationandinterference.Thedifficultyofobtainingadequateairtemperaturecoverageofboth sides of large towe

20、rs was considered insurmountable. For this reason, some believed itwouldbebettertorelateperformancetoanambienttemperaturemeasuredsomedistanceupwindandtohaveperformancestatedandsubstantiatedonthatbasis.In1954,aseven-personSubcommitteewithrepresentationfromtheAmericanSocietyofRefrigeration Engineers a

21、nd the Cooling Tower Institute (now known as Cooling TechnologyInstitute) was appointed to abbreviate and bring to an early conclusion the work of the 1948TechnicalCommittee.TheSubcommitteesworkwascompletedandaCodebasedonambientwet-bulbtemperaturemeasurementwasadoptedbytheSocietyonJanuary29,1958.The

22、growingnumberandsizeoftowers,theevolutionofthenaturaldrafttower,andcontinuingdisagreementonambientversusenteringwet-bulbtemperatureledtotheformationofanewCommitteeinDecember 1968. Modern instrumentation and the availability of data acquisition systems hadadvancedmeasurementmethodssincethe1958Code.Mo

23、deltestresultsanderroranalysismadeavailabletotheCommitteesupportedthepositionthattowerperformanceshouldberelatedtoentering wet-bulb temperature in the revised Code. This issue of the Code was approved byANSIandpublishedbytheSocietyinNovember1986.Continuedadvancesininstrumentation,experienceswiththet

24、estingitselfandtestuncertainty,installation of a variety of other types of evaporative cooling equipment, and more stringentenvironmentalregulationsledtotheconveningofanewCommitteein1995.ItsobjectivewastoextendtheCodetoincludeplumeabatementcomplianceofwetdrytowersandtheperform-ancetestproceduresfor

25、coolingtowers,closedcircuitevaporativecoolers andwetsurfaceair-cooledcondensers.Intheinterim,theimpactonplanteconomicsofthecoolingsystemsoperatingperformancebecamebetterunderstood.Hence,AppendixAinthenewCodeaddressespracticaltechniquesofmonitoringtheperformanceofcoolingtowers.As in past editions of

26、PTC 23, the most accurate test methods were established as Code.However,theCommitteewasawarethatforsometowers,anelaboratetestwasnotpracticaloreconomicallyviable.Therefore,nonmandatoryAppendixKprovidessimplertestmethods.Thesetestmethods,beinglessaccurate,haveahigheruncertainty.To expeditethe completi

27、onof thisversion ofthe Code,sections ofCTI CodeATC-105 wereusedwiththepermissionoftheCoolingTechnologyInstitute(CTI).Thatcontributionisacknowl-edgedandappreciated.TheCommitteevotedtoapprovethedocumentonNovember13,2002.Itwasthenapprovedand adopted by the Council as a Standard practice of the Society

28、by action of the Board onPerformance Test Codes on February 28, 2003. The Code was also approved as an AmericanNationalStandardbytheANSIBoardofStandardsReviewonMarch13,2003.vPERFORMANCE TEST CODE COMMITTEE 23ON ATMOSPHERIC WATER COOLING EQUIPMENT(The following is the roster of the Committee at the t

29、ime of approval of this Standard.)COMMITTEE OFFICERSJ. M. Burns, ChairF. L. Michell, Vice ChairJ. H. Karian, SecretaryCOMMITTEE PERSONNELJ. M. Burns, Burns Engineering Services, Inc.J. W. Cuchens, Southern Company Services, Inc.D. H. Drew, Alternate, American Electric PowerR. D. Fulkerson, Fulkerson

30、 however, they should not contain proprietary names orinformation.Requests that are not in this format will berewritten in this format by the Committeepriortobeinganswered,whichmayinadvertentlychangetheintentoftheoriginalrequest.ASMEproceduresprovideforreconsiderationofanyinterpretationwhenorifaddit

31、ionalinformationthatmightaffectaninterpretationisavailable.Further,personsaggrievedbyaninterpretationmayappealtothecognizantASMECommitteeorSubcommittee.ASMEdoes not “approve,”“certify,”“rate,” or “endorse” any item, construction, proprietarydevice,oractivity.Attending Committee Meetings. The PTC 23

32、Standards Committee regularly holdsmeetings, which are open to the public. Persons wishing to attend any meeting shouldcontacttheSecretaryofthePTC23StandardsCommittee.viiiINTRODUCTIONThisCodedescribesinstruments,testprocedures,andanalysisoftestdatatobeusedtodeterminetheperform-ance of all designs of

33、 cooling towers and evaporativecoolingequipment.Itdefinesproceduresthatdeterminetheplumeabatementcomplianceofwet-drycoolingtowers.TheCodeoutlinespracticalmethodsofmonitor-ingtheperformanceofcoolingtowersinanappendix.Itprovidesexplicittestproceduresthatwillyieldresultsofthehighestlevelofaccuracy,cons

34、istentwiththebestcurrentengineeringpracticesandknowledgeinthisfield. The Code is not intended to be used for spray-coolingdevices,coolingcanalsorponds,orcoolinglakes.ToaidinanoverallstudyoftheCode,thefollowingreviewsequencesaresuggested.AquicksurveyoftheCodecanbeobtainedbyreadingtheintroductionstoea

35、chsectionfollowedbytheTestProcedures.Attheplantdesign,contractualagreement,orspecifi-cationstage,itisadvisabletoreviewinorder:(a) achievable test uncertainty stated in Object andScopesection(b) testproceduresoralternativelytheparticularspe-cialtestfromtheappendix(c) GuidingPrinciplessection(d) Instr

36、umentsandMethodsofMeasurementsectionfortherecommendedrequirements,particularlythewaterflowmeasurementixPerformancemonitoringprojectsshouldreviewAppendixAbeforereviewingthedetailsofCodeSec-tions.WhenthisCodeistobeusedasameanstodeterminefulfillmentofcontractobligations,thecontractingpar-tiesshallagree

37、inadvanceonthetestprocedures,uncer-tainty estimates and implications, methods ofpresentationofdata,andpresentationofresults.ConsiderableeffortsweremadetowritethiscoolingtowerCodesothatalltherelatedtechnologywascon-tainedwithinthedocumentitself;however,inallinstancesthiswasnotpossible.Inthesecasesand

38、unlessotherwise specified, all references to other codes referprimarilytoASMEPerformanceTestCodesortoCool-ingTechnologyInstituteStandards.AnytermsnotdefinedhereinarelistedintheCodeinDefinitionsandValues,ASMEPTC2.DescriptionsofinstrumentsandapparatusmaybefoundinthePTC19seriesofsupple-mentalcodes.Theg

39、eneralbasisoftheuncertaintyanaly-sisbeyondthatspecifiedinthisCodemaybefoundinthe supplement ASME PTC 19.1, Test Uncertainty. Acarefulstudyshouldbemadeofallthereferencedcodes,butintheeventofdiscrepanciesbetweenspecificdirec-tionscontainedhereinandthosecodesincorporatedbyreference,ASMEPTC23shallgovern

40、.Intentionally left blank ASME PTC 23-2003ATMOSPHERIC WATER COOLING EQUIPMENTSection 1Object and Scope1-1 OBJECTThisCodeprovidesuniformtestmethodsforconduct-ing and reporting thermal performance characteristicsofwetmechanicaldraft,naturaldraft,wetdrycoolingtowers,closedcircuitevaporative(wet)coolers

41、,andwetsurfaceair-cooledsteamcondensers.ThisCodealsopro-videsdirectionsandrulesforconductingandreportingplumeabatementofwetdrycoolingtowersandwaterconsumptionofanycoolingtower.Itprovidesexplicittest procedures to yield results of the highest level ofaccuracy consistent with the best engineering know

42、l-edge and practice currently available. The purpose ofthis Code is to provide rules for monitoring thermalperformance or for conducting acceptance tests on allofthecoolingequipmentreferencedabove.Itprovidesrulesformonitoringplumeabatementandconductingplume-abatement acceptance tests on wetdry cooli

43、ngtowers.The test can be used to determine compliance withcontractualobligationsandcanbeincorporatedintocommercial agreements. A test shall be considered anASMECodeTestonlyifthetestprocedurescomplywiththoseallowedinthisCodeandthepost-testuncertaintyanalysisresultsareinaccordwithpara.1.3.1-2 SCOPEThi

44、sCodeprovidesrulesfordeterminingtheperform-anceofallreferencedcoolingequipmentwithregardtothe thermal capability, deviation from design thermalcapability,ordeviationfromdesigncoldwatertempera-ture.ThisCodealsoprovidesproceduresforassessingthe compliance to specified plume abatement require-ments cha

45、racteristic of a wetdry cooling tower. It isnotintendedfortestsofatmosphericwindtowers,drycoolers,spraycanals,orponds,althoughsectionsofthisCodemaybeusefulforthatpurpose.Thedeterminationof special data or verification of guarantees that areoutsidethescopeofthisCode,shallbemadeonlywiththe written agr

46、eement of the parties to the test. Theagreedmethodsofmeasurementandcomputationshallbe defined in writing and fully described in the testreport.11-3 UNCERTAINTYTheapplicationofuncertaintiestoadjusttestresultsorguaranteesisspecificallynotpermittedbecausethetest results themselves provide the best indi

47、cation ofactualperformance.Theuncertaintyvaluesareusedtodeterminethevalidityofthetestandhavenorelation-shiptotheexpectedperformanceoftheequipment.Theuncertaintyvaluesreflecttheaccuracyofthetestinstru-mentationandstabilityofthetestconditions.Theresultsofathermalperformancetest,conductedinfullcomplian

48、cewiththeproceduresandinstrumenta-tionspecifiedinthisCode,shallbeconsideredvalidifthecalculatedoveralluncertaintyinthethermalcapabil-ityislessthan:(a) naturaldraftcoolingtower:6.0%(b) mechanicaldraftcoolingtower:5.5%(c) wetdrycoolingtower:6.0%(d) closedcircuitwetevaporativecooler:5.5%(e) wetsurfacea

49、ir-cooledsteamcondensers:8%Theresultsofplumecharacteristicandmixingqualitytests of wetdry cooling towers are greatly a functionofthestabilityoftheoperatingandenvironmentalcon-ditions.Becauseaplumecharacteristictestincorporatesallofthesamemeasurementsasathermalperformancetestplusothermeasurements,theuncertaintyinthetestresultwillbehigherthanforamechanicaldrafttower.Alleffortsshouldbemadetoconductthesetestsinfullycode compliant conditions. As the stability of the testconditionsdeteriorates,thetestuncertaintywillincrease.Becausethesensitivityofthetestresulttoenvi-ronmentalc