ACI 437.2M-2013 Code Requirements for Load Testing of Existing Concrete Structures (ACI 437.2M-13) and Commentary.pdf

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1、ACI 437.2M-13Code Requirements for Load Testing of Existing Concrete Structures (ACI 437.2M-13) and CommentaryAn ACI StandardReported by ACI Committee 437(metric)First PrintingMay 2014Code Requirements for Load Testing of Existing Concrete Structures and CommentaryCopyright by the American Concrete

2、Institute, Farmington Hills, MI. All rights reserved. This material may not be reproduced or copied, in whole or part, in any printed, mechanical, electronic, film, or other distribution and storage media, without the written consent of ACI.The technical committees responsible for ACI committee repo

3、rts and standards strive to avoid ambiguities, omissions, and errors in these documents. In spite of these efforts, the users of ACI documents occasionally find information or requirements that may be subject to more than one interpretation or may be incomplete or incorrect. Users who have suggestio

4、ns for the improvement of ACI documents are requested to contact ACI via the errata website at http:/concrete.org/Publications/DocumentErrata.aspx. Proper use of this document includes periodically checking for errata for the most up-to-date revisions.ACI committee documents are intended for the use

5、 of individuals who are competent to evaluate the significance and limitations of its content and recommendations and who will accept responsibility for the application of the material it contains. Individuals who use this publication in any way assume all risk and accept total responsibility for th

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10、f Institute standards does not constitute governmental endorsement of ACI or the standards that it develops.Order information: ACI documents are available in print, by download, on CD-ROM, through electronic subscription, or reprint and may be obtained by contacting ACI.Most ACI standards and commit

11、tee reports are gathered together in the annually revised ACI Manual of Concrete Practice (MCP).American Concrete Institute38800 Country Club DriveFarmington Hills, MI 48331U.S.A.Phone: 248-848-3700Fax: 248-848-3701www.concrete.orgISBN: 978-0-87031-891-7American Concrete InstituteAdvancing concrete

12、knowledgeACI 437.2M-13Code Requirements for Load Testing of Existing Concrete Structures (ACI 437.2M-13) and CommentaryReported by ACI Committee 437Carl J. Larosche*, Chair J. Gustavo Tumialan*, SecretaryJoseph A. AmonNicholas J. CarinoPaolo CasadeiJohn A. FrauenhofferNestore Galati*Zareh B. Gregori

13、anPawan R. GuptaFrederick D. HeidbrinkAshok M. KakadeDanielle D. KleinhansAndrew T. KrauklisDaniel J. McCarthyJaveed MunshiAntonio NanniThomas E. Nehil*Renato ParrettiK. Nam ShiuJeffrey S. West*Paul H. Ziehl*Consulting MembersMarco ArduiniHabib M. Zein Alabideen*Member of the subcommittee that prepa

14、red this reportThis code provides requirements for test load magnitudes, test protocols, and acceptance criteria for conducting a load test as a means of evaluating the safety and serviceability of concrete struc-tural members and systems for existing buildings as provided for by ACI 562-13. A load

15、test may be conducted as part of a struc-tural evaluation to determine whether an existing building requires repair and rehabilitation, or to verify the adequacy of repair and rehabilitation measures applied to an existing building, or both. This code contains provisions for both a cyclic load test

16、and a monotonic load test procedure.Keywords: acceptance criteria; cyclic loading; load test; monotonic loading; test load magnitude; test protocol.CONTENTSCHAPTER 1GENERAL, p. 31.1General, p. 31.2Scope, p. 31.3Purpose, p. 31.4Limitations, p. 41.5Interpretation, p. 41.6Language and units of measurem

17、ent, p. 4CHAPTER 2NOTATION AND DEFINITIONS, p. 52.1Notation, p. 52.2Definitions, p. 6CHAPTER 3REFERENCED STANDARDS, p. 8CHAPTER 4TEST LOAD, p. 94.1Service loads, p. 94.2Test load magnitude, p. 91ACI 437.2M-13 was adopted October 23, 2013, and published May 2014.Copyright 2014, American Concrete Inst

18、itute.All rights reserved including rights of reproduction and use in any form or by any means, including the making of copies by any photo process, or by electronic or mechanical device, printed, written, or oral, or recording for sound or visual reproduc-tion or for use in any knowledge or retriev

19、al system or device, unless permission in writing is obtained from the copyright proprietors.CHAPTER 5LOADING PROTOCOL, p. 115.1Safety, p. 115.2Load arrangement, p. 115.3Monotonic loading protocol, p. 125.4Cyclic loading protocol, p. 125.5Load application, p. 135.6Response measurements, p. 145.7Visu

20、al inspection, p. 14CHAPTER 6ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA, p. 156.1Distress caused by load test, p. 156.2Performance assessment at service load level, p. 166.3Acceptance criteria for monotonic loading protocol, p. 176.4Acceptance criteria for cyclic loading protocol, p. 176.5Provision for lower load rating,

21、p. 19R7COMMENTARY REFERENCES, p. 21Cited references, p. 21American Concrete Institute Copyrighted Materialwww.concrete.org2 CODE REQUIREMENTS FOR LOAD TESTING OF EXISTING CONCRETE STRUCTURES (ACI 437.2M-13)CHAPTER 1GENERAL 1.1General 1.1.1 The scope, purpose, applicability, limitations, inter-pretat

22、ion principles, and units of measure are defined in this chapter.1.1.2 This code supplements and is part of the “Code Requirements for Evaluation, Repair, and Rehabilitation of Existing Concrete Buildings (ACI 562-13) and Commen-tary” through reference. 1.2Scope 1.2.1 The requirements of this code s

23、hall govern for the evaluation of safety and serviceability of members in existing concrete structures by load testing.1.2.2 The requirements of this code shall apply to rein-forced concrete with prestressed reinforcement, nonpre-stressed reinforcement, or both.1.2.3 Procedures and requirements prov

24、ided in this code are not applicable to existing structures having concretes with compressive strengths above 55 MPa unless permitted by the licensed design professional.1.2.4 For structures being erected under the requirements of a legally adopted general building code, of which ACI 318-11 forms a

25、part, this standard shall not replace Chapter 20 of ACI 318-11.1.3Purpose1.3.1 The purpose of this code is to establish the minimum requirements for the test load magnitudes, load test proce-dures, and acceptance criteria applied to existing concrete structures as part of an evaluation of safety and

26、 service-ability to determine whether an existing structure requires repair and rehabilitation, to verify the adequacy of repair and rehabilitation measures applied to an existing structure, or to provide for public health and safety through structural safety and serviceability.1.3.2 Load tests shal

27、l be conducted according to load test procedures as described in Chapter 5.R1GENERAL R1.1General R1.1.2 Through its reference by ACI 562-13, this code is to be used only when ACI 562-13 governs. In those cases in which the general building code governs, then the applicable provisions of Chapter 20 o

28、f ACI 318-11 dealing with load testing are to be used. R1.2Scope R1.2.1 The determination of situations where a load test is required is outside the scope of this code. Furthermore, this code does not address procedures for analytical strength evaluations, condition evaluation of existing structures

29、, or assessment of structural deterioration and its consequences. The licensed design professional should advise the owner and parties participating in the load testing of a structure of the potential for damage or even failure of the portions of the structure to be load tested in accordance with th

30、e procedures of this code. Refer to 5.1 for provisions relating to safety and shoring.R1.2.4 Experience is lacking in the application of the procedures and requirements in this code to structures having high-strength concrete (concrete compressive strengths over 55 MPa). Structures with high-strengt

31、h concrete may exhibit a more linear response as the structure approaches its load-carrying limit and may experience a more brittle failure in comparison to structures with strengths less than 55 MPa.American Concrete Institute Copyrighted Materialwww.concrete.orgCODE REQUIREMENTS FOR LOAD TESTING O

32、F EXISTING CONCRETE STRUCTURES (ACI 437.2M-13) 3CODE COMMENTARY1.3.3 All references in this code to the licensed design professional shall be understood to mean persons who are licensed to practice structural design in the jurisdiction where this code is being used. The licensed design profes-sional

33、 for a project is responsible for and in charge of the evaluation of safety and serviceability.1.4Limitations 1.4.1 This code does not apply to foundations, slabs-on-ground, structures whose responses are dominated by in-plane actions, or structures having unusual design concepts as determined by th

34、e licensed design professional.1.4.2 This code shall not be used for product develop-ment testing where load testing is used for quality control or approval of mass-produced members.1.4.3 Testing for resistance to load effects of fatigue, wind, and earthquakes is outside the scope of this code.1.4.4

35、 Load testing to determine design strength or load-carrying limit at failure is outside the scope of this code.1.5Interpretation1.5.1 The official version of the code is the English language version published by the American Concrete Insti-tute using inch-pound units.1.5.2 In case of conflict betwee

36、n the official version of the code and other versions of the code, the official version governs.1.6Language and units of measurementValues in this code are stated in inch-pound units. A companion code in SI units is also available.R1.4Limitations R1.4.1 The procedures and requirements in this code h

37、ave been developed and applied to structural members subjected to gravity loads and where the structural response is domi-nated by flexure, such as typical elements of the gravity load-resisting system in a building. This code is not appli-cable to structures where the response involves significant

38、in-plane or membrane action, where soil-structure interac-tion is present, or in situations where the structural behavior is not typical of building structural elements. Structures where the response may be inappropriate for use with the requirements of this code include shells, arches, bins and sil

39、os, blast-resistant structures, and chimneys.R1.4.4 The procedures and requirements of this code are not intended to provide any indication of the design strength or load-carrying limit of a member or structure at failure. The term “design strength” refers to the strength of a member or cross sectio

40、n as used in the context of the basic require-ment for strength design, expressed as “design strength required strength” (based on factored load combinations of the general existing building code). The design strength is calculated in accordance with the provisions and assump-tions of the strength d

41、esign method of the general existing building code and multiplied by the appropriate strength reduction factor .American Concrete Institute Copyrighted Materialwww.concrete.org4 CODE REQUIREMENTS FOR LOAD TESTING OF EXISTING CONCRETE STRUCTURES (ACI 437.2M-13)CODE COMMENTARYCHAPTER 2NOTATION AND DEF

42、INITIONS 2.1NotationD = total dead load: Dw+ Ds, or related internal moments or forcesDs= superimposed dead load, or related internal moments or forcesDw= load due to self-weight of the concrete structural systemF = load due to weight and pressure of fluids with well-defined densities and controllab

43、le maximum heights, or related internal moments or forcesIDL= deviation from linearity indexIPi= permanency index for the i-th cycle at specified load level of a cyclic load testIP(i+1)= permanency index for the (i + 1)thcycle at specified load level of a cyclic load testIpr= permanency ratio indexL

44、 = live load due to use and occupancy of the building not including environmental load and superim-posed dead load, or related internal moments or forcesLr= roof live load produced during maintenance by workers, equipment, and materials or during life of structure by moveable objects such as planter

45、s and people, or related internal moments or forceslt= span of member under load test and taken as the smaller of: (a) distance between centers of supports; and (b) clear distance between supports plus thick-ness h of member; for a cantilever, it shall be taken as twice the distance from face of sup

46、port to canti-lever end, mmPi= applied load corresponding to point i in load-deflection envelope in a cyclic load test, used for calculation of aiin IDLacceptance criterion, kNPmax= applied load corresponding to 100 percent of test load magnitude, kNPmin= minimum load to be maintained during a cycli

47、c load test, kNPref= reference load corresponding to the peak load of the first cycle (reference point) in a cyclic load test, used for computation of arefin IDLacceptance crite-rion, kNR = rain load, or related internal moments and forcesS = snow load, or related internal moments or forcesai= slope

48、 of secant line of point i in load-deflection envelope, where secant line passes through origin and point of interest, i, in a cyclic load test, degreesaref= slope of reference secant line in load-deflection envelope, where reference secant line passes through origin and peak load of the first cycle

49、 (reference point) in a cyclic load test, degreesi= measured deflection corresponding to point i in load-deflection envelope in a cyclic load test, used for computation of aiin IDLacceptance criterion, mm.R2NOTATION AND DEFINITIONS American Concrete Institute Copyrighted Materialwww.concrete.orgCODE REQUIREMENTS FOR LOAD TESTING OF EXISTING CONCRETE STRUCTURES (ACI 437.2M-13) 5CODE COMMENTARYl= maximum measured deflection (cyclic or mono-tonic load test), mml2= maximum deflection measured during a retest rela-tive to the position of the