BS PD CEN TR 13201-1-2014 Road lighting Guidelines on selection of lighting classes《道路照明 第1部分 选择照明级别的准则》.pdf

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1、BSI Standards Publication Road lighting Part 1: Guidelines on selection of lighting classes PD CEN/TR 13201-1:2014National foreword This Published Document is the UK implementation of CEN/TR 13201-1:2014. It supersedes PD CEN/TR 13201-1:2004 which is withdrawn. The UK participation in its preparatio

2、n was entrusted by Technical Committee EL/1, Light and lighting applications, to Subcommittee EL/1/2, Road lighting. A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contr

3、act. Users are responsible for its correct application. The British Standards Institution 2014. Published by BSI Standards Limited 2014 ISBN 978 0 580 80624 7 ICS 93.080.40 Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations. This Published Document was published under t

4、he authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 December 2014. Amendments issued since publication Date Text affected PUBLISHED DOCUMENT PD CEN/TR 13201-1:2014 TECHNICAL REPORT RAPPORT TECHNIQUE TECHNISCHER BERICHT CEN/TR 13201-1 December 2014 ICS 93.080.40 Supersedes CEN/TR 13201-

5、1:2004 English Version Road lighting - Part 1: Guidelines on selection of lighting classes clairage public - Partie 1: Slection des classes dclairage Straenbeleuchtung - Teil 1: Leitfaden zur Auswahl der Beleuchtungsklassen This Technical Report was approved by CEN on 9 December 2013. It has been dr

6、awn up by the Technical Committee CEN/TC 169. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,

7、Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 B

8、russels 2014 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. CEN/TR 13201-1:2014 E PD CEN/TR 13201-1:2014CEN/TR 13201-1:2014 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword 3 Introduction .4 1 Scope 5 2 Normative references 5 3 Terms and definitions .6

9、4 Outline of selection procedure .8 5 Lighting classes for motorised traffic (M) .9 6 Lighting classes for conflict areas (C) . 10 7 Lighting classes for pedestrian and low speed areas (P) 12 Annex A (informative) Examples for M and P lighting classes . 14 A.1 Examples for lighting class M . 14 A.2

10、Example for lighting class P 15 Annex B (informative) Alternative method for selection of lighting classes . 17 B.1 General . 17 B.2 Lighting classes for motorised traffic and conflict areas. 18 B.3 Lighting classes for pedestrian and low speed areas 21 B.4 Example of use of Table B.1 and Figure B.1

11、 23 Bibliography . 26 PD CEN/TR 13201-1:2014CEN/TR 13201-1:2014 (E) 3 Foreword This document (CEN/TR 13201-1:2014) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 169 “Light and lighting”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of thi

12、s document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document supersedes CEN/TR 13201-1:2004. This revised publication includes a simplified system of guidelines for selection of the lighting classes. The

13、 most important parameters are listed for the different lighting situations - motorised traffic areas, conflict areas, and pedestrian/low speed areas. The parameters include the design speed, the traffic volume and traffic composition, the function of the overall layout of the road, and the environm

14、ental conditions. Road lighting is dealt with by CEN as follows: CEN/TR 13201-1: Road lighting Part 1: Guidelines on selection of lighting classes. EN 13201-2: Road lighting Part 2: Performance requirements EN 13201-3: Road lighting Part 3: Calculation of performance EN 13201-4: Road lighting Part 4

15、: Methods of measuring lighting performance prEN 13201-5: Road lighting Part 5: Energy performance indicators PD CEN/TR 13201-1:2014CEN/TR 13201-1:2014 (E) 4 Introduction This document offers guidance on the selection of lighting classes and related aspects. It is applicable to fixed lighting instal

16、lations intended to provide good visibility to users of outdoor public traffic areas during the hours of darkness to support traffic safety, traffic flow and public security. The document offers two alternative examples of selection of lighting classes, one based on simple lighting class and the oth

17、er giving a more refined result within the lighting class. Both methods provide comparable lighting classes and are interchangeable. Any adaptation of either of these methods or any other method can be used instead, on the national level. PD CEN/TR 13201-1:2014CEN/TR 13201-1:2014 (E) 5 1 Scope This

18、Technical Report specifies the lighting classes set out in EN 13201-2 and gives guidelines on the selection of the most appropriate class for a given situation. To do this, it includes a system to define appropriate lighting classes for different outdoor public areas in terms of parameters relevant

19、to guarantee the aims presented in introductions. The decision on whether a road should be lit is defined in the national road lighting policy. This varies by country or municipality. Specific guidelines are usually available at national level for each country. This Technical Report does not give th

20、e criteria on which a decision to light an area can be made, nor on how a lighting installation should be used. Further guidance is given in CIE 115:2010 (Paragraph 1.2 and Annex A). The methods presented in Clauses 5, 6 and 7 have to be considered as the starting points of a comprehensive approach

21、for the normal road lighting. In that sense, the models cannot cover all the different road cases; they introduce general parameters and the impact on lighting requirements. Only the real situation and its unique characteristics (geometry of the road, marking, visual environment, difficulty of the n

22、avigation task, lack of visibility, risks of glares due to existing elements, local weather, specific users such as high rate of elderly or visually impaired people, etc.) can lead to a final determination of the appropriate lighting class applying risk evaluation techniques. The visual needs of roa

23、d users under reduced traffic volumes during certain periods of night or under varying weather conditions, and the positive benefits of reduced energy consumption and potential environmental improvements, are some of the considerations which justify the installation of adaptive road lighting. There

24、are a variety of suitable instruments, devices and methods which can be used for the intelligent control of a road lighting installation. The control systems range from very simple to the most sophisticated applications. Annex B is of assistance in choosing the correct lighting level when adaptive l

25、ighting is used as it provides a more refined evaluation of the luminance or illuminance levels within the specific lighting class. Whilst the luminance or illuminance levels may be varied to suit reduced traffic volumes, weather conditions or other parameters the quality parameters of the applicabl

26、e lighting class specified in EN 13201-2 should be maintained at all times. Renewal or refurbishment of obsolete and uneconomic installations is important. It may be possible to obtain more adapted lighting levels with lower energy consumption using new designs and new technology. The upgrading of l

27、ighting and control systems will often give good cost-benefit ratios and short amortisation periods. This document does not give guidelines on the selection of lighting classes for toll stations, tunnels or canals and locks. 2 Normative references The following documents, in whole or in part, are no

28、rmatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 13201-2, Road lighting - Part 2: Performance requirement

29、s EN 13201-3, Road lighting - Part 3: Calculation of performance PD CEN/TR 13201-1:2014CEN/TR 13201-1:2014 (E) 6 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN 13201-2 and EN 13201-3 and the following apply. 3.1 normal lighting class class with the m

30、aximum value of average luminance or illuminance at any period of operation 3.2 adaptive lighting temporal controlled changes in luminance or illuminance in relation to traffic volume, time, weather or other parameters 3.3 motorised traffic (M) motor powered vehicles 3.4 conflict area (C) relevant a

31、rea where motorised traffic streams intersect each other or overlap areas frequented by other user types 3.5 pedestrians and low speed area (P) relevant area reserved for use by people on foot or using bicycle, and drivers of motorised vehicles at low speed ( 40 km/h) 3.6 design speed speed selected

32、 for purposes of design and correlation of the geometric features of a road and is a measure of the quality of design offered by the road Note 1 to entry: It is the highest continuous speed at which individual vehicles can travel with safety on a road when weather conditions are favourable and traff

33、ic density is so low that the safe speed is determined by the geometric features of the road. 3.7 traffic volume the number of vehicles passing a given point in a stated time period in both directions Note 1 to entry: E.g. average daily traffic is measured as number of vehicles per day. 3.8 maximum

34、capacity maximum rate of flow at which vehicles can be reasonably expected to traverse a point or uniform segment of a lane or carriageway during a specified time period under prevailing road, traffic and control conditions Note 1 to entry: Usually expressed as veh/h or veh/d. 3.9 traffic density nu

35、mber of vehicles occupying a given length of lane or carriageway averaged over time Note 1 to entry: Usually expressed as veh/km or veh/km/lane. PD CEN/TR 13201-1:2014CEN/TR 13201-1:2014 (E) 7 3.10 traffic composition distribution of vehicle types in the traffic stream, directional distribution of t

36、raffic, lane use distribution of traffic, and type of driver population on a given facility Note 1 to entry: In this report simplified: mixed and motorised only. 3.11 junction place where several traffic routes meet, join, or cross each other, and a location where traffic can change between differen

37、t routes 3.12 intersection general area where two or more roads join or cross at the same level, within which are included the carriageway and roadside facilities for traffic movements 3.13 interchange grade-separated junction with one or more turning ramps for travel between the through roads 3.14

38、ambient luminosity assessed luminance levels of the surroundings 3.15 visual guidance / traffic control means that ensure that motorists are given adequate information on the course of the road 3.16 facial recognition visual task of pedestrians consisting of a recognition of a face at certain distan

39、ces that allows to take evasive or defensive action if thought necessary Note 1 to entry: Generally, facial recognition requires an overall minimum lighting value at a distance where the recognition of a face is possible. Note 2 to entry: An ideal facial recognition distance is 10 m the point of tra

40、nsition between “close” and “not-close” phases. 3.17 relevant area part of the public traffic area under consideration 3.18 non-motorised pedestrians and pedal cyclists 3.19 separation of carriageways central reserve and/or guardrail 3.20 difficulty of navigational task degree of effort necessary by

41、 the road user, as a result of the information presented, to select route and lane, and to maintain or change speed and position on the carriageway Note 1 to entry: Visual guidance provided by the road is part of this information. PD CEN/TR 13201-1:2014CEN/TR 13201-1:2014 (E) 8 4 Outline of selectio

42、n procedure In this Technical Report, a number of the most important parameters are listed for the different lighting situations - motorised traffic areas, conflict areas, and pedestrian and low speed areas. These parameters include the design speed, the traffic volume and traffic composition, the f

43、unction and the overall layout of the road, and the environmental conditions. Selection procedures, parameters and weighting values presented in the main text of this document are based on ones defined in CIE 115:2010, Lighting of roads for motor and pedestrian traffic. Annex B is an alternative met

44、hod of selection of lighting classes which allows refined evaluation of the luminance or illuminance levels given for each class in EN 13201-2. In many cases public areas consist of more than just one traffic area, e.g. often there is a carriageway with adjacent footway or cycle path. As users of th

45、e different traffic areas have different visual demands, the respective relevant parameters have to be considered during the selection process. In selecting the normal (design) lighting class the maximum value of the selection parameters likely to occur at any period of operation should be considere

46、d, e.g. for traffic volume consider peak hourly value. For simplicity, in this document only the main parameters are summarized for ordinary motorised traffic, for conflict areas and for pedestrian and low speed areas. The descriptions of the parameters and the associated options are broad so that t

47、hey can be interpreted to suit the individual requirements of national recommendations. In some cases risk analysis or other consideration (environmental for example) could lead to the consideration of other parameters. As indicated above, the normal (design) lighting class is selected using the mos

48、t onerous parameter values, however, the application of this class may not be justified throughout the hours of darkness due to changing conditions, e.g. weekends, different weather conditions, different traffic volumes, etc. Temporal changes in the parameters under consideration when selecting the

49、normal (design) lighting class could allow, or may require, an adaptation of the normal level of average luminance or illuminance, usually by reducing the level. The most important parameters in this respect are likely to be traffic volume, traffic composition, real time reflection properties of pavement and current state of road surface (dark, light, dry, wet, salty, snowy), but ambient luminosity can also have an influence. The adaptive lighting level or levels should be the average luminance or illuminance selected from a class or classes in the sa