专业英语四级-31及答案解析.doc

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1、专业英语四级-31及答案解析 (总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、完型填空题(总题数：3，分数：100.00)Lawyers are less than 1% of American adults, 1 they are well-represented in government. Both the president and the vice-president trained as lawyers. 2 did 55% of senators and 100% of Supreme Court justices. There are 3 to having a bit of l

2、egal expertise among those who write and 4 the nations laws, or assess their constitutionality. But there is also a potential conflict of interest. 5 florists had such a lock on the levers of 6 , you might expect subsidies for weddings and a campaign to beautify cities. Lawyers, alas, are no more 7

3、. The American legal system is the most lawyer-friendly on Earth. It is dizzily 8 . The regulations that accompany the Dodd-Frank law governing Wall Street, 9 , are already more than 3 million words longand not yet half-written. Companies must hire 10 lawyers to guide them 11 a labyrinth (迷宫) create

4、d by other lawyers. They must also hire lawyers to 12 themselves against attacks by other lawyers on a playing field 13 by lawyers. The costroughly $800 a year for every Americanis 14 to consumers. The 15 are hard to detect. Americans are probably no less likely to be injured or cheated than the cit

5、izens of countries 16 spend a fraction as much. 17 it is hard to feel sympathy for lawyers facing a 18 labour market. Americas 250 biggest law firms shed more than 9500 people last year. Law students are 19 to find the lavishly paid work they expected after graduation. One big law firm even went bus

6、t. None of this is nice for the people 20 , especially those with large student debts.（分数：30.00）A.butB.andC.orD.thenA.AlsoB.NorC.SoD.AsA.appealsB.advantagesC.concernsD.issuesA.readB.breakC.observeD.executeA.IfB.UnlessC.WhenD.AsA.abilityB.strengthC.powerD.forceA.carelessB.selflessC.blamelessD.helples

7、sA.complexB.comprehensiveC.complementaryD.commercialA.thereforeB.howeverC.namelyD.for exampleA.scholarlyB.richlyC.costlyD.unfriendlyA.acrossB.throughC.amidD.throughoutA.defendB.leanC.fightD.turnA.restoredB.sustainedC.builtD.maintainedA.handed outB.put awayC.turned overD.passed onA.drawbacksB.fatesC.

8、benefitsD.fraudsA.howB.thatC.whereD.whatA.ButB.ThenC.AndD.SoA.more flexibleB.looserC.tighterD.strongerA.attemptingB.willingC.managingD.strugglingA.concernedB.confusedC.connectedD.confinedThese are dark days for the book business. Borders, a once-huge bookseller, 21 on July 18th that it will close do

9、wn its remaining stores, 22 nearly 10,700 staff jobless. Publishers will lose a showcase for their books, 23 could mean more laid-off editors. 24 the problem is not the 25 : writers will still scribble for scraps. 26 demand: Araerican book publishers reported 27 across all platforms last year. It is

10、 just that no one is making money. The business needs fresh ideas. 28 Unbound, a British effort to crowd-fund books. Visitors to its website can 29 money for a book that is only part-written. 30 enough money is raised, the author can 31 to finish itand the pledgers will get a copy. Having launched i

11、n May, the firm announced its first 32 on July 18th. Terry Jones, of Monty Python fame, has 33 the funds to finish a book of quirky stories. Handsome edited volumes and e-books will follow. We can make books work at a much lower level of 34 , explains John Mitchinson, who co-founded Unbound. Visitor

12、s can 35 10 for an e-book and a nod in the afterword, or up to 250 for such 36 as lunch with the author. Over 3,000 pledges have come in, averaging 30 apiece. Authors see a new way to nurture fans and make money, 37 publishing budgets dwindle. Readers 38 enjoy feeling like part of the 39 process. Mo

13、st readers wont pay 8.99 for an acclaimed book, yet some will spend 50 on a signed unwritten one. In these digitally isolating times, the personal touch may 40 .（分数：30.00）A.addressedB.allegedC.announcedD.claimedA.leavingB.ignoringC.causingD.missingA.thisB.thatC.itD.whichA.As a resultB.YetC.For examp

14、leD.StillA.provisionB.supplyC.surplusD.outputA.NorB.OrC.OnlyD.ButA.declineB.expansionC.growthD.decayA.SurviveB.MaintainC.ExistD.EnterA.receiveB.submitC.pledgeD.shareA.IfB.UnlessC.UntilD.AsA.grantB.affordC.sustainD.attachA.fundingB.opportunityC.prosperityD.successA.assuredB.confirmedC.resolvedD.secur

15、edA.arrangementB.investmentC.requirementD.acknowledgementA.spend upB.pay upC.stump upD.use upA.treatsB.treatiesC.treatmentsD.retreatA.even asB.ifC.as long asD.as ifA.relativelyB.apparentlyC.hardlyD.simplyA.narrativeB.productiveC.creativeD.competitiveA.concernB.dealC.matterD.workA recent BBC document

16、ary, The Town That Never Retired, sought to show the effects of 41 the state pension age by putting retirees back to work. 42 the results were entertaining, they need not have 43 . Away from the cameras, 44 numbers of older people are staying in work. Since the start of the recession, the number of

17、16- to 24-year-olds in work has fallen by 597,000. Over the same 45 the number of workers over the age of 65 has increased by 240,000. The 46 of the British workforce dates back to around 2001, 47 when the proportion of older people working has nearly doubled. But it has 48 since the start of the re

18、cession. There are several 49 why. Happily, people are living longer and healthier lives, which makes staying in work less 50 than it was. 51 happily, low interest rates, a stagnant stock market and the end of many defined-benefit pension schemes make it a financial 52 . And changing attitudes, 53 b

19、y rifles against age discrimination, are making it easier than ever. Most older workers are simply 54 at the office: 63% of workers over state pension age have been with their employer for more than ten years. Over two-thirds of them work part-time, mostly doing jobs that they once 55 full-time. A b

20、ig 56 is that they do not pay national insurance contributionseffectively a second income tax on younger workers. According to Stephen McNair, director of the Centre for Research into the Older Workforce, this 57 explains why older workers have not suffered so much in the slump. 58 reducing the work

21、force, as in previous recessions, many firms have 59 recruitment and cut working hours. At small businesses 60 , keeping on older workers is cheaper and less risky than training replacements.（分数：40.00）A.increasingB.improvingC.risingD.reinforcingA.BecauseB.IfC.AlthoughD.UnlessA.interferedB.offendedC.

22、disturbedD.botheredA.preferableB.unpredictableC.unprecedentedD.preliminaryA.periodB.circleC.durationD.intervalA.stumblingB.boomingC.shrinkingD.grayingA./B.sinceC.afterD.beforeA.prevailedB.ceasedC.acceleratedD.worsenedA.reasonsB.doubtsC.notionsD.sensesA.charmingB.boringC.demandingD.discouragingA.Rath

23、erB.MostC.MoreD.LessA.securityB.necessityC.recoveryD.incentiveA.spurredB.limitedC.boostedD.imposedA.running onB.dwelling onC.hanging onD.counting onA.appliedB.performedC.playedD.preparedA.advantageB.problemC.issueD.concernA.capabilityB.availabilityC.flexibilityD.stabilityA.Other thanB.Instead ofC.In

24、 spite ofD.Along withA.enlargedB.haltedC.distractedD.retainedA.in briefB.by contrastC.on averageD.in particular专业英语四级-31答案解析 (总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、完型填空题(总题数：3，分数：100.00)Lawyers are less than 1% of American adults, 1 they are well-represented in government. Both the president and the vice-president

25、trained as lawyers. 2 did 55% of senators and 100% of Supreme Court justices. There are 3 to having a bit of legal expertise among those who write and 4 the nations laws, or assess their constitutionality. But there is also a potential conflict of interest. 5 florists had such a lock on the levers o

26、f 6 , you might expect subsidies for weddings and a campaign to beautify cities. Lawyers, alas, are no more 7 . The American legal system is the most lawyer-friendly on Earth. It is dizzily 8 . The regulations that accompany the Dodd-Frank law governing Wall Street, 9 , are already more than 3 milli

27、on words longand not yet half-written. Companies must hire 10 lawyers to guide them 11 a labyrinth (迷宫) created by other lawyers. They must also hire lawyers to 12 themselves against attacks by other lawyers on a playing field 13 by lawyers. The costroughly $800 a year for every Americanis 14 to con

28、sumers. The 15 are hard to detect. Americans are probably no less likely to be injured or cheated than the citizens of countries 16 spend a fraction as much. 17 it is hard to feel sympathy for lawyers facing a 18 labour market. Americas 250 biggest law firms shed more than 9500 people last year. Law

29、 students are 19 to find the lavishly paid work they expected after graduation. One big law firm even went bust. None of this is nice for the people 20 , especially those with large student debts.（分数：30.00）A.butB.andC.orD.then解析：解析 空格处填入连词，表明前后两句的逻辑关系。前句说“律师仅占成人的1%”，强调数量少，后句说“他们在政府中很有代表性”，两者是转折关系，故选

30、but。A.AlsoB.NorC.SoD.As解析：解析 空格所在句为倒装句，表示与前一句情况一致，且前一句为肯定句，故用so来引导，表示“也如此”。A.appealsB.advantagesC.concernsD.issues解析：解析 空格所在句与下一句由表转折的But连接，故两句语义相反，下一句说的是conflict of interest“利益冲突”，属于消极的一而，故本句应说明其积极的一而，因此选advantage“好处”。appeal“恳求”；concern“忧虑”；issue“问题”。A.readB.breakC.observeD.execute解析：解析 空格处填入动词与law

31、s构成动宾搭配，本句的those who对应前面出身于律师、在政府各机关任职的官员，故这些人应该是编写和“执行”法律，故选execute。A.IfB.UnlessC.WhenD.As解析：解析 空格填入引导词，表明从句与主句的逻辑关系。注意从句用了虚拟语气(had)，而四个选项中只有If引导的从句能接虚拟语气，故选If。A.abilityB.strengthC.powerD.force解析：解析 文中假设花商像律师一样在政府中位居要职，故此处强调其拥有的“权力”，应选power。ability指做体力、脑力工作的能力或力量；strength表示“身体的力量，力气”；force表示“(发出的)力

32、量，作用力，武力”。A.carelessB.selflessC.blamelessD.helpless解析：解析 本句意为“律师不会更加_”，上一句提到如果卖花商人当权，会做出对其有利的决定(实施婚礼补贴和美化城市运动都可以增加鲜花的销量)，这是自私的行径，故应选selfless“无私的”，说明律师也会这样自私。A.complexB.comprehensiveC.complementaryD.commercial解析：解析 空格处填入形容词，说明美国法律的特点。下文提到的“300万字长”、“迷宫”(labyrinth)都证明了其复杂性，故应选complex“复杂的”。comprehensive

33、“全面的”；complementary“补充的”；commercial“商业的”。A.thereforeB.howeverC.namelyD.for example解析：解析 本句指出还未完成到一半的多德-弗兰克法案长达300多万字，这是举出具体实例，故选for example。A.scholarlyB.richlyC.costlyD.unfriendly解析：解析 空格处填入形容词，修饰lawyer，结合下文提到的聘请律师花费巨大可知，此处应指律师花费大，故选costly“昂贵的”。scholarly“博学的”和unfriendly“不友好的”与上下文语境脱节；richly为副词，不修饰名词

34、，可排除。A.acrossB.throughC.amidD.throughout解析：解析 本句意思为“帮助他们穿越迷宫”，从某事物或某空间的内部穿过用through。across干扰较大，但该词指从某事物的表面横过；amid指“在中间”；throughout“在(或至)各部分”。A.defendB.leanC.fightD.turn解析：解析 根据下文的attacks by other lawyers“其他律师的攻击”可知，这里应该是说聘请律师，保护自己免受其他律师的攻击，故选defend。其他三项均可与against搭配，但中间不接sb.。A.restoredB.sustainedC.bu

35、iltD.maintained解析：解析 空格处所在的a playing field _ by lawyers与前文的a labyrinth created by other lawyers结构对称，故空格所填单词应与created意思相近，故确定答案为built“建造”。restore“恢复”；sustain“维持”；maintain“保持”。A.handed outB.put awayC.turned overD.passed on解析：解析 根据文意，企业为聘请律师的支出最终转移到消费者身上，turn over及pass on均有“移交”、“传递”之意，但turn over常指将“事物或

36、权力转交给别人”，与文中的cost不符，故应选pass on。hand out指“分发，分配”；put away“拿走”。A.drawbacksB.fatesC.benefitsD.frauds解析：解析 空格处填入名词，作detect“察觉”的宾语。下一句提到美国人相比其他国家可能并没有少受伤害或欺骗，这说明律师费用支出高的好处没得到体现，故选benefits。drawback“缺点”；fate“命运”；fraud“诈骗”。A.howB.thatC.whereD.what解析：解析 空格后的spend a fraction as much为定语从句，修饰前面的countries，由于该从句缺

37、少主语，故须填上关系代词that或which。A.ButB.ThenC.AndD.So解析：解析 上段末提到律师费高昂，且人们并未从中获益，本句说“难以同情律师”，两者是因果顺承的关系，故选表“结果”的So。A.more flexibleB.looserC.tighterD.stronger解析：解析 下文提到法律公司大幅裁员，故这里应该是说就业市场对求职者的需求减少，tighter填入文中指就业市场紧缩，符合此意。looser“更宽松的”及stronger“更强有力的”均指就业市场对求职者有利，与文意相反。A.attemptingB.willingC.managingD.struggling

38、解析：解析 根据前后句提到的法律公司裁员或倒闭，可知法律系毕业生找到高薪满意的工作越来越难，struggle“在中挣扎”符合文意。attempt“尝试”及willing“愿意”表现不出他们求职的难处。A.concernedB.confusedC.connectedD.confined解析：解析 空格处填入过去分词，作后置定语修饰people，逗号后的短语“负有巨额学生贷款的人”提示这里指的是“与此相关的人”，故选concerned“有关(方面)”。confused“疑惑的”；connected“有联系的”；confined“被限制的”。These are dark days for the b

39、ook business. Borders, a once-huge bookseller, 21 on July 18th that it will close down its remaining stores, 22 nearly 10,700 staff jobless. Publishers will lose a showcase for their books, 23 could mean more laid-off editors. 24 the problem is not the 25 : writers will still scribble for scraps. 26

40、 demand: Araerican book publishers reported 27 across all platforms last year. It is just that no one is making money. The business needs fresh ideas. 28 Unbound, a British effort to crowd-fund books. Visitors to its website can 29 money for a book that is only part-written. 30 enough money is raise

41、d, the author can 31 to finish itand the pledgers will get a copy. Having launched in May, the firm announced its first 32 on July 18th. Terry Jones, of Monty Python fame, has 33 the funds to finish a book of quirky stories. Handsome edited volumes and e-books will follow. We can make books work at

42、a much lower level of 34 , explains John Mitchinson, who co-founded Unbound. Visitors can 35 10 for an e-book and a nod in the afterword, or up to 250 for such 36 as lunch with the author. Over 3,000 pledges have come in, averaging 30 apiece. Authors see a new way to nurture fans and make money, 37

43、publishing budgets dwindle. Readers 38 enjoy feeling like part of the 39 process. Most readers wont pay 8.99 for an acclaimed book, yet some will spend 50 on a signed unwritten one. In these digitally isolating times, the personal touch may 40 .（分数：30.00）A.addressedB.allegedC.announcedD.claimed解析：解析

44、 此处填入动词作句子谓语，其宾语为从句“它会关闭其现存的书店”，该从句为公司决策的宣布和公示，故应选announce“宣布”。address“讲话，提出”；allege及claim均有“宣称，断言”之意，前者指在无真凭实据情况下宣称，后者指说话者反对或不同意某一观点的声称。A.leavingB.ignoringC.causingD.missing解析：解析 从语义上看，leave及cause都符合，表示“致使将近人失业”，但cause常用cause sb. to do sth.，后不接形容词作宾补，故排除cause，选leave。A.thisB.thatC.itD.which解析：解析 whi

45、ch引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面的“出版商则失去了展销书籍的平台”。A.As a resultB.YetC.For exampleD.Still解析：解析 前文提到零售书店的倒闭，本句起分析原因，但本句含有否定词not，与前面的肯定句语义相反，故选表转折关系Yet。A.provisionB.supplyC.surplusD.output解析：解析 冒号后的writer在图书的产业链中属于供应方，而下一句则提到产业链中的“需求方”(demand)，与demand相对应的是supply(供应方)。A.NorB.OrC.OnlyD.But解析：解析 由本段最后一句的It is just that.可知，问题不在供应也不在需求，故此处应填表否定含义的Nor。A.declineB.expansionC.growthD.decay解析：解析 冒号后的内容说明问题不在需求，故书商报告的销量应该是上升的，由此可一并排除表负面含义的decline“下降”及decay“衰落”；书籍的销量应该是“上升”而非expansion“扩大”，故选growth。A.SurviveB.