专业英语八级（改错）-试卷157及答案解析.doc

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1、专业英语八级（改错）-试卷157及答案解析 (总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、LANGUAGE USAGE(总题数：5，分数：100.00)1.PART III LANGUAGE USAGE（分数：20.00）_Changes in the technology of communication are occurring so rapidly that we human beings now move through a cloud ofmessages as densely as a locust-storm. Every new device increases 1the s

2、peed and the outreach of the last, and young people are now governed by the gadgets in their hands, which dont merely contain their lives and also to a great extent dictate them. 2 Of course, the print media still exist. There are old-fashioned people like myself who make a living by writing things,

3、 and old-fashioned people like you, who support us by reading, or atany rate buy, what we write. But maybe its only people like us 3who are able really to regret for the changes that are sweeping 4away so much that we depended upon. The rest of the world iscaught up in the torrent of gadgets, each n

4、ew model is designed to 5relieve its owner of one more source of spiritual exercise or one 6more obstacle to fun. Memory now exists behind a screen. Veryfew is stored in our heads, and our recollections drift in cyberspace 7like asteroids, unconnected to the orbit in which we move. Written letters a

5、re a thing of past, and essays are downloaded 8from the sites devoted to them. Research means surfing the web, and as for social lifethis is a matter of tweeting and twittering as one drifts through cyberspace. Facebook friendships bubble up in amoment, and consist of a mutual agreement between stra

6、ngers to 9put themselves on display. More and more does it seem thatputting yourself on display is what it is all about, which there is 10nothing more to love and friendship than being mutually visible.（分数：20.00）填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_Language is fantastically co

7、mplex. Its built-in means ofcombining and recombining(nesting)of its various levels have 1suggested to many leading linguists that language istheoretically infinite though not practical so in everyday usage. 2It almost sounds too complex to be able to detect any significant leveling out of language

8、any more than one could detect by observation that the sun is burning itself out. As far as I am conscious no linguist seriously purports that 3the restructuring process of language overrides the streamliningprocess resulted in a qualitative positive development of 4language. If we decide that langu

9、age did originally develop,possibly evolving animal communication, we can only do 5so by assuming evolution to be a universally valid principle This type 6of a priori reasoning was the basic fallacy of pre-NineteenthCentury speculative grammar which was pre-scientific in modern 7sense of the word. H

10、owever, the observable data neither indicate that such a 8period of pre-historic development even existed, nor they 9suggest a cause of the subsequent state of equilibrium or process of simplification that would have to have come into operation at some time after such a pre-historic development. Noa

11、m Chomsky, one of the most prominent linguists of the twentieth century, has indicated that human language and animal communication are not even comparative entities, they are so 10different.（分数：20.00）填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_Poetry doesnt matter to most people. On

12、e has to wonder if poetry has any place in the 21st century, when music videos and satellite television offer daunting competition for poems, whichdemand a good deal of attention and considerate analytic skills, as 1well as some knowledge of the traditions of poetry. In the 19th century, poets like

13、Scott, Byron, and Longfellow had huge audiences around the world. Their works were bestsellers, yet they were cultural heroes as well. But readers had few 2choices in those days. One imagines, perhaps false, that people 3actually liked poetry. It provided them with narratives thatentertained and ins

14、pired. They gave them words to attach to their 4feelings. They enjoyed folk ballads, too. In the sense, music and 5poetry joined hands. In the 20th century, something went to amiss. Poetry became 6difficult. That is, poets began to reflect the complex of modern 7culture, its fierce disjunctions. The

15、 poems of Ezra Pound, Hilda Doolittle and T.S. Eliot asked a lot of the reader, including a rangeof cultural references to topics when even in the early 1900s had 8become little known. To read Pound and Eliot with easy, for 9instance, one needed some knowledge of Greek and Latin poetry. That kind of

16、 learning had been fairly common among educatedreaders in the past. The same could be said for most readers in the 1020th centuryor today, when education has become more democratized and the study of the classics has been relegated to a small number of enthusiasts.（分数：20.00）填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填

17、空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_Whom can you trust these days? It is a question posed by David Halpern of Cambridge University, and the researchers at the Downing Street Strategy Unit who take an interest in socialcapital. In intervals they go around asking people in assorted 1nations the questio

18、n: Generally speaking, would you say that most people can be trusted? The results are fascinated. The conclusion that leaps from the 2figures and into sensational headlines are that social dislocation, 3religious decline, public scandals, family fragmentation and thefear of crime have made us more t

19、rusting. Comparative surveys 4over 40 years suggest that British trustfulness had halved: in the 51950s 60 per cent of us answered yes, most people can be trusted, in the 1980s 44 per cent, today only 29 per cent. Trust levels also continue to fall in Ireland and the USmeanwhile, the Norwegians, Swe

20、des, Danes and Dutch express tremendousconfidence in one and anothers honesty: levels are actually rising. 6In Mexico and Japan the level of trust is also increasing, that is 7interesting if mild bewildering. And the Palme dOr(金棕榈奖) 8for mutual suspect goes to the Brazilianswith less than 3 9per cen

21、t replying yesand the Turks with 6.5 per cent The French,apparently, never trusted each other and still dont. Nevertheless we 10become less Scandinavian and more French(or Turkish)every year.（分数：20.00）填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_专业英语八级（改错）-试卷157答案解析 (总分：100.00，做题时间：90

22、分钟)一、LANGUAGE USAGE(总题数：5，分数：100.00)1.PART III LANGUAGE USAGE（分数：20.00）_解析：Changes in the technology of communication are occurring so rapidly that we human beings now move through a cloud ofmessages as densely as a locust-storm. Every new device increases 1the speed and the outreach of the last, an

23、d young people are now governed by the gadgets in their hands, which dont merely contain their lives and also to a great extent dictate them. 2 Of course, the print media still exist. There are old-fashioned people like myself who make a living by writing things, and old-fashioned people like you, w

24、ho support us by reading, or atany rate buy, what we write. But maybe its only people like us 3who are able really to regret for the changes that are sweeping 4away so much that we depended upon. The rest of the world iscaught up in the torrent of gadgets, each new model is designed to 5relieve its

25、owner of one more source of spiritual exercise or one 6more obstacle to fun. Memory now exists behind a screen. Veryfew is stored in our heads, and our recollections drift in cyberspace 7like asteroids, unconnected to the orbit in which we move. Written letters are a thing of past, and essays are do

26、wnloaded 8from the sites devoted to them. Research means surfing the web, and as for social lifethis is a matter of tweeting and twittering as one drifts through cyberspace. Facebook friendships bubble up in amoment, and consist of a mutual agreement between strangers to 9put themselves on display.

27、More and more does it seem thatputting yourself on display is what it is all about, which there is 10nothing more to love and friendship than being mutually visible.（分数：20.00）填空项1:_（正确答案：densely一dense）填空项1:_（正确答案：and一but）填空项1:_（正确答案：buybuying）填空项1:_（正确答案：for一去掉for）填空项1:_（正确答案：is去掉is或each一and）填空项1:_（

28、正确答案：spiritual一mental）填空项1:_（正确答案：few一little）填空项1:_（正确答案：past一the）填空项1:_（正确答案：ofin）填空项1:_（正确答案：whichthat）解析：解析：语法错误。此处的从句和前面的that从句并列，作句中的表语，且句中不缺少任何成分，应该用从属连词that引导，故把which改为that。Language is fantastically complex. Its built-in means ofcombining and recombining(nesting)of its various levels have 1su

29、ggested to many leading linguists that language istheoretically infinite though not practical so in everyday usage. 2It almost sounds too complex to be able to detect any significant leveling out of language any more than one could detect by observation that the sun is burning itself out. As far as

30、I am conscious no linguist seriously purports that 3the restructuring process of language overrides the streamliningprocess resulted in a qualitative positive development of 4language. If we decide that language did originally develop,possibly evolving animal communication, we can only do 5so by ass

31、uming evolution to be a universally valid principle This type 6of a priori reasoning was the basic fallacy of pre-NineteenthCentury speculative grammar which was pre-scientific in modern 7sense of the word. However, the observable data neither indicate that such a 8period of pre-historic development

32、 even existed, nor they 9suggest a cause of the subsequent state of equilibrium or process of simplification that would have to have come into operation at some time after such a pre-historic development. Noam Chomsky, one of the most prominent linguists of the twentieth century, has indicated that

33、human language and animal communication are not even comparative entities, they are so 10different.（分数：20.00）填空项1:_（正确答案：have一has）填空项1:_（正确答案：practical一practically）填空项1:_（正确答案：conscious一aware）填空项1:_（正确答案：resulted一resulting）填空项1:_（正确答案：evolving一from）填空项1:_（正确答案：by一去掉by）填空项1:_（正确答案：modern一the）填空项1:_（正

34、确答案：However一FurthermoreMoreover）填空项1:_（正确答案：they一do）填空项1:_（正确答案：comparative一comparable）解析：解析：词汇错误。comparative意为“比较的相对的”comparable表示“可比较的，比得上的”，此句要表达的意思是“人类语言和动物语言甚至都不是可以比较的实体，二者之间的差别太大了。”故应该用comparable。Poetry doesnt matter to most people. One has to wonder if poetry has any place in the 21st century

35、, when music videos and satellite television offer daunting competition for poems, whichdemand a good deal of attention and considerate analytic skills, as 1well as some knowledge of the traditions of poetry. In the 19th century, poets like Scott, Byron, and Longfellow had huge audiences around the

36、world. Their works were bestsellers, yet they were cultural heroes as well. But readers had few 2choices in those days. One imagines, perhaps false, that people 3actually liked poetry. It provided them with narratives thatentertained and inspired. They gave them words to attach to their 4feelings. T

37、hey enjoyed folk ballads, too. In the sense, music and 5poetry joined hands. In the 20th century, something went to amiss. Poetry became 6difficult. That is, poets began to reflect the complex of modern 7culture, its fierce disjunctions. The poems of Ezra Pound, Hilda Doolittle and T.S. Eliot asked

38、a lot of the reader, including a rangeof cultural references to topics when even in the early 1900s had 8become little known. To read Pound and Eliot with easy, for 9instance, one needed some knowledge of Greek and Latin poetry. That kind of learning had been fairly common among educatedreaders in t

39、he past. The same could be said for most readers in the 1020th centuryor today, when education has become more democratized and the study of the classics has been relegated to a small number of enthusiasts.（分数：20.00）填空项1:_（正确答案：considerateconsiderable）填空项1:_（正确答案：yet一and）填空项1:_（正确答案：false一falsely）填空

40、项1:_（正确答案：They一It）填空项1:_（正确答案：thea）填空项1:_（正确答案：to一去掉to）填空项1:_（正确答案：complex一complexities）填空项1:_（正确答案：when一thatwhich）填空项1:_（正确答案：easyease）填空项1:_（正确答案：be一not）解析：解析：语篇错误。前一句提到“对于过去受过教育的读者来说，了解希腊和拉丁语诗歌是很平常的事”。本句破折号后解释说“到了今天，教育已经越来越民主化，对于经典的学习已经降级到少数热心人士身上。”由此可以判断，20世纪的读者与过去的读者并不相同，所以应该在本句中加否定词not。Whom ca

41、n you trust these days? It is a question posed by David Halpern of Cambridge University, and the researchers at the Downing Street Strategy Unit who take an interest in socialcapital. In intervals they go around asking people in assorted 1nations the question: Generally speaking, would you say that

42、most people can be trusted? The results are fascinated. The conclusion that leaps from the 2figures and into sensational headlines are that social dislocation, 3religious decline, public scandals, family fragmentation and thefear of crime have made us more trusting. Comparative surveys 4over 40 year

43、s suggest that British trustfulness had halved: in the 51950s 60 per cent of us answered yes, most people can be trusted, in the 1980s 44 per cent, today only 29 per cent. Trust levels also continue to fall in Ireland and the USmeanwhile, the Norwegians, Swedes, Danes and Dutch express tremendouscon

44、fidence in one and anothers honesty: levels are actually rising. 6In Mexico and Japan the level of trust is also increasing, that is 7interesting if mild bewildering. And the Palme dOr(金棕榈奖) 8for mutual suspect goes to the Brazilianswith less than 3 9per cent replying yesand the Turks with 6.5 per cent The French,apparently, never trusted each other and still dont. Nevertheless we 10become less Scandinavian and more French(or Turkish)every year.（分数：20.