雅思阅读-练习十八及答案解析.doc

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1、雅思阅读-练习十八及答案解析(总分：35.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Passage 1(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、Questions 1-5(总题数：1，分数：5.00)i The influence of Monbushoii Helping less successful studentsiii The success of compulsory educationiv Research findings concerning achievements in mathsv The typical format of a maths lessonvi Comparative ex

2、penditure on maths educationvii Background to middle-years education in Japanviii The key to Japanese successes in maths educationix The role of homework correction（分数：5.00）(1).Lower secondary schools in Japan cover three school years, from the seventh grade (age 13) to the ninth grade (age 15).（分数：

3、1.00）填空项 1:_(2).Everyone has their own copy of the textbook supplied by the central education authority, Monbusho, as part of the concept of free compulsory education up to the age of 15.Besides approving textbooks, Monbusho also decides the highly centralized national curriculum and how it is to be

4、 delivered.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).Lessons all follow the same pattern.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).This scarcely seems adequate help to enable slow learners to keep up.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(5).So what are the major contributing factors in the success of maths teaching?（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_三、Questions 6-9(总题数：4，分数：4.00)1.

5、There is a wider range of achievement amongst English pupils studying maths than amongst their Japanese counterparts.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_2.The percentage of Gross National Product spent on education generally reflects the level of attainment in mathematics.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_3.Private schools in Japan are

6、more modern and spacious than state-run lower secondary schools.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_4.Teachers mark homework in Japanese schools.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_四、Questions 10-13(总题数：4，分数：4.00)5.Maths textbooks in Japanese schools areAcheap for pupils to buy.Bwell organised and adapted to the needs of the pupils.Cwritt

7、en to be used in conjunction with TV programmes.Dnot very popular with many Japanese teachers.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.6.Why do Japanese students tend to achieve relatively high rates of success in maths?AIt is a compulsory subject in Japan.BThey are used to working without help from others.CMuch effort is

8、made and correct answers are emphasized.DThere is a strong emphasis on repetitive learning.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.7.When a new maths topic is introduced, _.Astudents answer questions on the board.Bstudents rely entirely on the textbook.Cit is carefully and patiently explained to the students.Dit is usual

9、for students to use extra worksheets.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.8.How do schools deal with students who experience difficulties?AThey are given appropriate supplementary tuition.BThey are encouraged to copy from other pupils.CThey are forced to explain their slow progress.DThey are placed in a mixed-ability c

10、lass.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.五、Passage 2(总题数：0，分数：0.00)六、Questions 14-17(总题数：4，分数：4.00)9.The use of pesticides has contributed toAa change in the way ecologies are classified by agroecologists.Ban imbalance in many ecologies around the world.Cthe prevention of ecological disasters in some parts of the worl

11、d.Dan increase in the range of ecologies which can be usefully farmed.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.10.By the mid-1960s, cotton farmers in Central America found that pesticidesAwere wiping out 50% of the pests plaguing the crops.Bwere destroying 50% of the crops they were meant to protect.Cwere causing a 50% inc

12、rease in the number of new pests reported.Dwere costing 50% of the total amount they spent on their crops.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.11.The Food and Agriculture Organisation has counted more than 300 agricultural pests whichAare no longer responding to most pesticides in use.Bcan be easily controlled through

13、the use of pesticides.Ccontinue to spread disease in a wide range of crops.Dmay be used as part of bio-controls replacement of pesticides.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.12.Cotton farmers in Central America began to use pesticidesAbecause of an intensive government advertising campaign.Bin response to the appearan

14、ce of new varieties of pest.Cas a result of changes in the seasons and the climate.Dto ensure more cotton was harvested from each crop.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.七、Questions 18-21(总题数：4，分数：4.00)13.Disease-spreading pests respond more quickly to pesticides than agricultural pests do.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_14.A number

15、 of pests are now born with an innate immunity to some pesticides.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_15.Biological control entails using synthetic chemicals to try and change the genetic make-up of the pests offspring.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_16.Bio-control is free from danger under certain circumstances.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_八、Ques

16、tions 22-26(总题数：0，分数：0.00)九、Passage 3(总题数：0，分数：0.00)十、Questions 27-30(总题数：4，分数：4.00)17.Taxonomic research involves comparing members of one group of ants.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_18.New species of ant are frequently identified by taxonomists.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_19.Range is the key criterion for ecological collec

17、tions.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_20.A single collection of ants can generally be used for both taxonomic and ecological purposes.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_十一、Questions 31-36(总题数：1，分数：6.00)Ahand collectingBusing baitCsampling ground litterDusing a pitfall trap（分数：6.00）(1).It is preferable to take specimens from groups of

18、 ants.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).It is particularly effective for wet habitats.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).It is a good method for species which are hard to find.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(4).Little time and effort is required.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(5).Separate containers are used for individual specimens.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(6)

19、.Non-alcoholic preservative should be used.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.十二、Questions 37-40(总题数：1，分数：4.00)（分数：4.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_雅思阅读-练习十八答案解析(总分：35.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Passage 1(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、Questions 1-5(总题数：1，分数：5.00)i The influence of Monbushoii Helping less successful studentsiii The success of

20、 compulsory educationiv Research findings concerning achievements in mathsv The typical format of a maths lessonvi Comparative expenditure on maths educationvii Background to middle-years education in Japanviii The key to Japanese successes in maths educationix The role of homework correction（分数：5.0

21、0）(1).Lower secondary schools in Japan cover three school years, from the seventh grade (age 13) to the ninth grade (age 15).（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：vii）解析：解析 整个 B部分的两个段落都是在介绍日本的初中的教育背景，从学龄到课堂、课时、形式等等。对应的标题是 vii，较容易选出。(2).Everyone has their own copy of the textbook supplied by the central education a

22、uthority, Monbusho, as part of the concept of free compulsory education up to the age of 15.Besides approving textbooks, Monbusho also decides the highly centralized national curriculum and how it is to be delivered.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：i）解析：解析 这一部分基本是在说由日本的文部科学省推行的教育制度，对应的标题是 i。如果不认识Monbusho则可以从原

23、文中的 central education authority知道这是一个教育主管部门，自己理解成日本教育部或 M部门都可以。(3).Lessons all follow the same pattern.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：V）解析：解析 D 部分的第一句直接点名了主题，也非常好理解。后面的内容全部是细节解释，继续往下读会发现：at the beginning, after the homework has been discussed，等等，这些都是在详细介绍课程的模式包括了哪些内容。所以本部分的主题显然是一节标准的课程，即 v。干扰项 本部分分为两段，如果只读第

24、一段，可能会导致把 ix误选成答案，因为第一段基本上是在介绍homework。但是只要看到还有一段，是介绍更正作业后的课堂模式，就能够意识到这是在介绍一个完整的课堂是什么样。(4).This scarcely seems adequate help to enable slow learners to keep up.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：ii）解析：解析 E 部分有两段，第一段在说老师对进步慢的学生提供单独帮助，同时学生之间也有互相帮助。第二段说除了这些方式，日本还为学生灌输信念，同时还有晚间家教课程为后进生补习。两段话出现最多的单词就是 help，答案也肯定是与帮助

25、后进生有关的 ii项。解题最好的定位句就是 E部分第二段的第一句，承上启下，也说明了主题。(5).So what are the major contributing factors in the success of maths teaching?（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：viii）解析：解析 F 部分一开头就设下了一个问句，问什么才是数学教育获得成功的 major contributing factors，即主要影响因素，选项 viii与这个意思相符。只要是在段首以设问句开头的，所问的内容一般就是本段的段落大意，因为后文一般都是要对这个问题进行解释。三、Question

26、s 6-9(总题数：4，分数：4.00)1.There is a wider range of achievement amongst English pupils studying maths than amongst their Japanese counterparts.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：YES）解析：解析 题目说英国学生比日本学生在数学学习的 achievement上有 wider range，即成绩的差距更大，举个例子就是英国可能一个班上有数学 100分的学生也有 20分的，而日本只有 80分到 100分之间的。原文中对应的内容是 the variatio

27、n in attainment scores was much greater，即分数波动性更大。解出这道题目需要一定的理解能力。如果一时没有对应上原文，或没有理解原文的意思，也可以从 E部分找到依据，E 部分是说日本对后进生的各种帮助，防止他们落后，并提到取得了不错的效果，那么成绩差距自然就会缩小。2.The percentage of Gross National Product spent on education generally reflects the level of attainment in mathematics.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：NO）解析：

28、解析 这道题目可以通过 GNP定位。题目说通过投资在教育上的 GNP能够反映出该国学生的数学成绩水平，但原文中说的是 19本和英国投资在教育上的 GNP比例 similar，但是 19本学生的数学成绩higher and more consistent，也就是说相同的投资比例产生了不同的结果，日本学生的数学成绩更好，直接否定了题目的论述。3.Private schools in Japan are more modern and spacious than state-run lower secondary schools.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：NOT GIVEN）解析

29、：解析 这道题目通过 Private schools和 modern and spacious定位到原文，会发现题目是把两句话中的成分重新组合起来，扭曲了原意。原文第一句是说大部分学生在公立学校上学，极少数在私立学校，到这里私立学校的事就交代完了，是个句号；第二句又说“Schools are usually.”这里的schools应该是泛指的，而不是指的私立学校。我们无法根据原文判断私立学校比公立学校更现代化而且更宽敞的说法，但也不能否定该说法，只是找不到依据，所以是 NOT GIVEN。4.Teachers mark homework in Japanese schools.（分数：1.00

30、）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：NO）解析：解析 这道题目比较简单，只要定位准确，即可较轻松地解出。题目说老师会批改作业，与原文的学生自己批改作业是相悖的。四、Questions 10-13(总题数：4，分数：4.00)5.Maths textbooks in Japanese schools areAcheap for pupils to buy.Bwell organised and adapted to the needs of the pupils.Cwritten to be used in conjunction with TV programmes.Dnot very popula

31、r with many Japanese teachers.（分数：1.00）A.B. C.D.解析：解析 题目是关于日本学校的数学课本的，通过 Heading题就可以直接定位到 C段。文中的 well set out and logically developed可以对应到 B项的 well organised，而文中括号内的内容是说日本在数学课本中引入了彩色插图以更好地贴近学生的需求，正好是 B项的 adapted to the needs of the pupils。A项具有较大的干扰性。如果只看到了文中的 inexpensive会使 A项变得很像正确答案，但是仔细阅读原文 inexpe

32、nsive to produce会发现其实是在说制作成本不高，而不是价格便宜。6.Why do Japanese students tend to achieve relatively high rates of success in maths?AIt is a compulsory subject in Japan.BThey are used to working without help from others.CMuch effort is made and correct answers are emphasized.DThere is a strong emphasis on r

33、epetitive learning.（分数：1.00）A.B.C. D.解析：解析 这道题目问为什么日本学生的数学成绩好，其实就是 F部分的第一句话提出的问题。顺着原文的这个问题，答案肯定就在后边，不过直接与 attitudes are important相关的句子在答案中并没有出现，但说明了答案的方向，就是“态度”。往后读会发现后边有三个分句来解释，前两个分句说的是重视数学教育，第三个分句是具体的方法，第三个分句中的 hard work和 a focus on accuracy与选项 C的 much effort和 correct answers are emphasized能够对应上。干

34、扰项 A 项很具有迷惑性，因为原文中有 maths is recognised as an important compulsory subject throughout schooling的表述，但是这并不是日本学生数学成绩优异的根本原因，其他国家也有很多把数学当做必修课的，不能说把数学列为必修课就能够取得好成绩，核心的原因应该是具有排他性的，是日本独具的；B 项纯属无中生有：D 项中的部分关键词也在原文出现了，但意思与原文有偏差。7.When a new maths topic is introduced, _.Astudents answer questions on the board

35、.Bstudents rely entirely on the textbook.Cit is carefully and patiently explained to the students.Dit is usual for students to use extra worksheets.（分数：1.00）A.B.C. D.解析：解析 找到 topic所在的原文，原文中 slowly and with a lot of repetition and elaboration都是在说老师如何给学生讲解问题的，只有答案 C符合。A项说的是修改作业时的内容，并不是讲新课题时的；B 项是拿 C部分

36、提到的课本无中生有出的一个答案；D项的课外辅导是 E部分的内容。8.How do schools deal with students who experience difficulties?AThey are given appropriate supplementary tuition.BThey are encouraged to copy from other pupils.CThey are forced to explain their slow progress.DThey are placed in a mixed-ability class.（分数：1.00）A. B.C.D

37、.解析：解析 这道题目问学校怎么对待后进生，通过做 heading题应该已经能够把后进生的问题定位到E部分了，E 部分的小标题是 helping less successful students，所以直接到 E部分找答案就可以。文中说老师会 give individual help以及 setting extra work，这些其实都是 A项中的 appropriate supplementary tuition(适当的补充辅导)。B项必然不对，完全不合逻辑；C 项则是无中生有，找不到依据；D 项略具迷惑性，提到了 mixed-ability class，这个词组在 E部分第一句出现过，但说的

38、是提供单独辅导的前提，就是因为学生都在一个 mixed-ability class，成绩会有所不同，老师才会对后进生提供帮助，而题目问的是方法。而且 D项也歪曲了原文的说法，只是借原词来挖陷阱而已。五、Passage 2(总题数：0，分数：0.00)六、Questions 14-17(总题数：4，分数：4.00)9.The use of pesticides has contributed toAa change in the way ecologies are classified by agroecologists.Ban imbalance in many ecologies aroun

39、d the world.Cthe prevention of ecological disasters in some parts of the world.Dan increase in the range of ecologies which can be usefully farmed.（分数：1.00）A.B. C.D.解析：解析 题目定位很简单，直接从 pesticides has contributed to就可以定位到原文，不过原文中 pesticides have contributed to的后边并没有出现四选项中提到的内容，而这句话的前半部分出现了 apart from，即

40、“除了之外”，所以这里也能是答案出现的地方。事实上答案就在这里，ecological disorders就是 B项中的 an imbalance in many ecologies。干扰项 这道题目的难点不在干扰项，主要在对原文 apart from的理解，干扰项的干扰作用不大。10.By the mid-1960s, cotton farmers in Central America found that pesticidesAwere wiping out 50% of the pests plaguing the crops.Bwere destroying 50% of the cro

41、ps they were meant to protect.Cwere causing a 50% increase in the number of new pests reported.Dwere costing 50% of the total amount they spent on their crops.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D. 解析：解析 这道题目的定位除了通过 mid-1960s以外，还可以通用过全部答案都有的一个数字 50%来定位，很容易就可以找到原文。这道题目其实就是问这 50%是什么，原文中有 50%of the financial outlay on cott

42、on production，即财务支出，只有 D项涉及了 cost。干扰项 本题的关键在于将 financial，outlay 与 costing对应，其他三项没有太大干扰性。11.The Food and Agriculture Organisation has counted more than 300 agricultural pests whichAare no longer responding to most pesticides in use.Bcan be easily controlled through the use of pesticides.Ccontinue to

43、spread disease in a wide range of crops.Dmay be used as part of bio-controls replacement of pesticides.（分数：1.00）A. B.C.D.解析：解析 通过 Food and Agriculture Organization和 300这两个非常容易定位的专用名词及数字定位到原文中，找到题目定语从句 which前面要修饰的主体：agricultural pests，文中说这些agricultural pests have developed resistance to a wide range

44、of potent chemicals，即对化学药品有了抗药性，也就是不再受到杀虫剂的影响了，因此选 A。干扰项 B 项颠倒黑自；C 项属于本身没错误但是扯远了，与定位不符；D 项把第七段之后的内容搬过来了，只会对读完全文再做题的考生产生干扰。12.Cotton farmers in Central America began to use pesticidesAbecause of an intensive government advertising campaign.Bin response to the appearance of new varieties of pest.Cas a

45、 result of changes in the seasons and the climate.Dto ensure more cotton was harvested from each crop.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D. 解析：解析 通过 cotton farmers in Central America定位到第四段，第一句看不懂没关系，第一句里边也没有与答案相关的元素。往下看 farmers都做了什么，下一句最后出现了 the farmers avidly took to pesticides as a sure measure to boost crop yield，即农

46、场主要确保收成，D 项符合这个意思。干扰项 A 项和 C项都是无中生有；B 项在读不懂的情况下容易被误选，正是因为农民为了丰收大量使用农药才导致了害虫变异出抗药性的新品种，而不是在最初就要用农药反击新害虫。七、Questions 18-21(总题数：4，分数：4.00)13.Disease-spreading pests respond more quickly to pesticides than agricultural pests do.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：NOT GIVEN）解析：解析 题目把两种害虫的抗药反应速度做了一个比较，通过 disease-sprea

47、ding pests定位到原文，原文中确实有两种虫的比较，不过是对产生抗药性的两种虫的种类数量做的比较，至于谁的抗药性产生快，文中没说。14.A number of pests are now born with an innate immunity to some pesticides.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：YES）解析：解析 这道题目其实很简单，如果没做出来，多半是单词不认识造成的。不过不认识单词也可以通过猜测来知道句子的意思，pests are now born with an innate immunity to some pesticides 其实是害虫现在天生就对杀虫剂如何，通过上下文应该可以猜出是抗药性，与 resistance to pesticides对应后即可作出判断。15.Biological control entails using synthetic chemicals to try and change the genetic make-up of the pests offspring.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_