托福-练习二十四及答案解析.doc

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1、托福-练习二十四及答案解析(总分：20.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Passage 1(总题数：8，分数：10.00)1.In a typical business conference, associates meet to discuss policy or to solve problems. The average participants do not do much specific preparing; their background and thinking usually formulate their contribution. But it is best if a

2、ll participants know in advance the purpose of the conference. Some general preparation may be in order, and participants may want to take into the conference materials or data that might be useful if a matter comes up.1. Which sentence below best expresses the essential information in the highlight

3、ed sentence in the passage?（分数：1.00）A.Although participants cannot be expected to do too much, they should do some general preparation.B.The conference leader should prepare all of the materials and data that will be used in the conference.C.There is a general order to most conferences, with partici

4、pants contributing ideas and information.D.As general preparation, participants can bring materials or data that might be a part of the discussion.2.The first great collector of Canadian folk traditions was Marius Barbeau, who oversaw the preservation of thousands of texts in what is now the Nationa

5、l Museum of Canad（分数：1.00）A.Fearing that these traditions would disappear unless gathered and catalogued, Barbeau preserved the folklore and folk songs of cultures ranging from rural Quebec to the Tsimshian Indians of British Columbia. These folkways-songs, dialects, legends, tall tales, riddles, an

6、d childrens rhymes-were all part of Canadas traditional rural experience. They provided evidence of the everyday life of the people that was far richer than that in most other historical texts.4. Which sentence below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage

7、?A. There is a lot of information in historical texts, but most of it does not deal with real life.B. Canadas folkways give us a much better description of daily life than most histories do.C. The texts collected by Barbeau reveal that some rural Canadians were richer than others.D. The Canadian peo

8、ple provided a lot of materials that illustrate their traditional values.3.Cities differ from towns in the size, density, and diversity of their population. The city offers a wider variety of goods and services, as well as more extensive employment and cultural opportunities. City life is characteri

9、zed by impersonal and formal social relationships, greater privacy, and more lifestyle choices-a way of life referred to as urbanism. The urban spirit is sophisticated and dynamic, stimulating the mind through contrasts and encouraging tolerance of differences. However, urbanism is not restricted to

10、 city dwellers; it can be considered a trait of all modern societies at a high level of technological development. The urban spirit spreads beyond the city via the mass media: television, movies, music, and the Internet.6. Which sentence below best expresses the essential information in the highligh

11、ted sentence in the passage?（分数：1.00）A.City dwellers do not let urbanism restrict their ability to develop new technology.B.Urbanism characterizes all highly developed societies, not just people who live in cities.C.All modern societies have a sophisticated level of technology; this is the primary g

12、oal of urbanism.D.Living in the city limits ones knowledge to only the most advanced technology.1 Current archaeological theory holds that the first humans in the Americas were bands of advanced Stone Age people who crossed over from what is now Siberia in Asia sometime between 12 and 30 thousand ye

13、ars ago. Some scientists think that these early humans crossed what is now the Bering Sea on a land bridge, a stretch of glacial ice connecting Asia and North America. Others speculate that they may have crossed that 55-mile-wide channel by boat.2 These early humans probably migrated southward along

14、 an ice-free corridor. After several thousand years, perhaps at a pace of only ten miles every year, the migrants spread over this new land from Alaska to the tip of South America, a trail over ten thousand miles long. In South America, where the glaciers from the ice age melted first, the migrants

15、took strong root in the fertile soil and warming climate of Patagonia. As the ice receded farther north, civilization in what is now Central America and Mexico began to take shape and flourish.（分数：2.00）(1).Which sentence below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in p

16、aragraph 1?（分数：1.00）A.Theories vary widely over how the first humans arrived in the Americas, but most state that it occurred around 30 thousand years ago.B.The best current theory states that between 12 and 30 thousand early humans crossed over from Siberia to North America.C.Human beings originate

17、d in Siberia in Asia and later formed into bands that migrated to the Americas during the Stone Age.D.Archaeologists believe that groups of Stone Age humans first came to the Americas from Asia about 12 to 30 thousand years ago.(2).Which sentence below best expresses the essential information in the

18、 highlighted sentence in paragraph 2?（分数：1.00）A.When the glaciers in South America melted, the climate became warmer in Patagonia, helping the people grow strong.B.The favorable conditions in Patagonia attracted migrants from other parts of South America, where there were still glaciers.C.The ice ag

19、e glaciers melted earliest in South America, where the migrants settled in the warm, fertile region of Patagonia.D.The migrants in Patagonia in South America survived on the root crops that grew well in the fertile soil and warm climat4.Architecture is concerned with the large-scale manipulation of

20、elements in the dimensions of length, width, and height. These dimensions may apply to a solid, such as the Egyptian pyramids, or to hollow interior spaces, ranging in size and complexity from a domestic room to a vast cathedral. They may also apply to the spaces around and between buildings. Moreov

21、er, every building has a physical context in relation to other buildings. Sometimes the designer disregards the context on the assumption that surrounding structures will later be replaced. However, it is more often posterity that destroys the once appropriate original context.3. Which sentence belo

22、w best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage?（分数：1.00）A.Some architects do not like other buildings to be too close to the building they are designing.B.Most buildings eventually have to be replaced, so the physical context is not very important.C.Architects

23、often believe that nearby structures will not always be there, so they ignore them.D.Designers should ignore the assumptions of people who plan to destroy the original context.5.Ruminants-cattle, bison, sheep, goats, deer, antelopes, and giraffes-have a large four-chambered stomach that enables them

24、 to digest fibrous plant matter. When a ruminant first swallows a mouthful of grass or leaves, the food enters the stomachs first chamber, the rumen, where bacteria start to break down the cellulose-rich matter and form it into small balls of cud. The ruminant periodically returns the cud to its mou

25、th where it is chewed at length to crush the fibers, making them more accessible to further bacterial action. The ruminant then reswallows the cud, which passes through the other three chambers of the stomach for further digestion.5. Which sentence below best expresses the essential information in t

26、he highlighted sentence in the passage?（分数：1.00）A.Ruminants eat continuously, spending long periods eating grass and chewing their cud in order to access the nutrients.B.The bacterial action begins when the ruminant puts the cud in its mouth and starts the long process of chewing.C.The ruminants str

27、ong teeth must crush the plant fibers in the cud in order to neutralize the cuds harmful bacteria.D.The cud is sent back to the ruminants mouth and chewed extensively so that the fibers can be digested more easily.1 Alligators have no natural predators except humans. In fact, humans drove alligators

28、 to near extinction in many of their marsh and swamp habitats in North America. Hunters once killed large numbers of these animals for their meat and soft belly skin, which was used to make shoes, belts, and wallets. Between 1950 and 1960, hunters wiped out 90 percent of the alligators in Louisiana

29、and greatly reduced the alligator population in the Florida Everglades.2 In 1967 the federal government placed the American alligator on the endangered species list. In the next decade, protected by hunters and averaging about 40 eggs per nest, the alligator made a strong comeback. It was reclassifi

30、ed from endangered to threatened in Florida, Louisiana, and Texas, where the vast majority of the animals live. As a threatened species, it is still protected from excessive harvesting by hunters; however, limited hunting is allowed in some areas to keep the population from growing too large.（分数：2.0

31、0）(1).Which sentence below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in paragraph 1?（分数：1.00）A.It is a fact that humans forced alligators to live in North Americas marshes and swamps.B.Many alligators were killed when people built roads and drove cars through their habitat

32、s.C.People almost destroyed the native alligator population in many North American environments.D.In North America, humans and alligators rarely choose to live together in the same are(2).Which sentence below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in paragraph 2?（分数：1.0

33、0）A.Alligators are still protected, but hunters are allowed to kill a certain number to control their population in some places.B.In order to prevent alligators from growing too large, hunters can harvest adult alligators that exceed a specified size.C.Hunting is restricted to areas where alligators

34、 are no longer a threatened species and therefore do not need protection.D.Alligators are more threatened than ever by excessive hunting, and hunters should not be allowed to destroy all of them.6.Because they absorb heat from the environment rather than generate much of their own, reptiles are said

35、 to be ectotherms, a term identifying their major source of body heat as being external. Ectotherms heat directly with solar energy by basking in the sun, rather than through the metabolic breakdown of food, as in mammals and birds. This means that a reptile can survive on less than 10 percent of th

36、e calories required by a mammal of equivalent size.2. Which sentence below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage?（分数：1.00）A.Because a reptile heats with solar energy, it requires less than 10 percent of the calories that a mammal of the same size needs.B

37、.A reptile obtains only 10 percent of its calories from the metabolic breakdown of food; it obtains the rest by basking in the sun.C.Some reptiles and mammals are equal in size, but they require vastly different quantities of calories for survival.D.Reptiles need to spend only 10 percent of their ti

38、me eating because they do not need as many calories as mammals of equal siz二、Passage 2(总题数：3，分数：10.00)1 A subculture is a cultural group within the larger society that provides social support to people who differ from the majority in terms of status, race, ethnic background, religion, or other facto

39、rs. Whenever these differences lead to exclusion or discrimination, subcultures develop as a shield to protect members from the negative attitudes of others. Subcultures unify the group and provide it with values, norms, and a history.2 Some subcultures do not experience discrimination yet differ fr

40、om the mainstream enough to generate a “we“ feeling among members and a sense of separateness. Examples include military officers, college students, information technology specialists, social workers, jazz musicians, or any subgroup with its own special language and customs. Subcultures usually have

41、 values that are variations on those of the dominant culture. These variations are close enough for the subgroup to remain under the societal umbrella but different enough to reflect the unique experience of subgroup members. In North America today, teenagers are a distinct subculture with a special

42、 way of talking and dressing so that insiders can recognize one another while keeping outsiders out.（分数：3.00）(1).Which sentence below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in paragraph 1?（分数：1.00）A.People are excluded from subcultures for various reasons, but especiall

43、y if they have a negative attitude.B.When some people discriminate against others, it is the responsibility of the majority culture to do something.C.When people are different from others, they may experience negative effects, including discrimination.D.Subcultures form to protect people who differ

44、from the majority when these people face discrimination.(2).All of the following are given as characteristics of subcultures EXCEPT（分数：1.00）A.a desire to join the dominant cultureB.experiences outside those of the mainstreamC.special customs and way of talkingD.a “we“ feeling among members(3).Which

45、sentence below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in paragraph 2?（分数：1.00）A.The different experiences of subgroups cause their members to seek protection in the values and customs of their own group.B.Every society is like a large umbrella that covers people from a

46、wide variety of backgrounds and cultures, protecting everyone equally.C.A subcultures values show its separateness yet resemble the majoritys values enough to keep the subgroup within the larger society.D.Each group member has experiences that differ from those of all other members and are completel

47、y outside those of the mainstream.1 The cerebral cortex of the human brain is divided into two hemispheres that are linked by a thick band of fibers called the corpus callosum. Each hemisphere has four discrete lobes, and researchers have identified a number of functional areas within each lobe. The

48、 left hemisphere has areas for controlling speech, language, and calculation, while the fight hemisphere controls creative ability and spatial perception. This centering of functions in specific areas of the brain is known as lateralization.2 Much of our knowledge about brain lateralization comes fr

49、om studies of “split-brain“ patients, people with a damaged corpus callosum. In one experiment, a subject holding a key in his left hand, with both eyes open, was able to name it as a key. However, when the subjects eyes were covered, he could use the key to open a lock, but was unable to name it as a key. The center for speech is in the left hemisphere, but sensory information from the left hand crosses over and enters the fight side of the brain. Without the corpus callosum to function as a switchboard between the two sides of the brain, the subjects knowledge of the size,