翻译三级笔译实务分类模拟题6及答案解析.doc

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1、翻译三级笔译实务分类模拟题 6 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、English Chinese Tran(总题数：5，分数：100.00)1.When a new movement in art attains a certain fashion, it is advisable to find out what its advocates are aiming at, for, however farfetched and unreasonable their principles may seem today, it is possible that in yea

2、rs to come they may be regarded as normal. With regard to Futurist poetry, however, the case is rather difficult, tor whatever Futurist poetry may be even admitting that the theory on which it is based may be right, it can hardly be classed as Literature. This, in brief, is what the Futurist says. O

3、ver one century, the life situation in the past had been changed rapidly. And now, we live in the world which is full of noise, violence and speed. Consequently, our feelings, thoughts and emotions have undergone a corresponding change. This speeding up of life, says the Futurist, requires a new for

4、m of expression. We must speed up our literature too, if we want to interpret modem stress. We must pour out a large stream of essential words, unhampered by stops, or qualifying adjectives, of finite verbs. Instead of describing sounds we must make up words that imitate them. We must use many sizes

5、 of type and different colored inks on the same page, and shorten or lengthen words at will. Certainly their descriptions of battles are confused. But it is a little upsetting to read in the explanatory notes that a certain line describes a fight between a Turkish and a Bulgarian officer on a bridge

6、 off which they both fall into the river and then to find that the line consists of the noise of their falling and the weights of the officers: “Pluff! Pluff! A hundred and eighty-five kilograms.“ This, though it fulfills the laws and requirements of Futurist poetry, can hardly be classed as Literat

7、ure. All the same, no thinking man can refuse to accept their first proposition: that a great change in our emotional life calls for a change of expression. The whole question is really this: have we essentially changed? （分数：20.00）_2.Aimlessness has hardly been typical of the postwar Japan whose pro

8、ductivity and social harmony are the envy of the United States and Europe. But increasingly the Japanese are seeing a decline of the traditional work-moral values. Ten years ago young people were hardworking and saw their jobs as their primary reason for being, but now Japan has largely fulfilled it

9、s economic needs, and young people don“t know where they should go next. The coming of age of the postwar baby boom and an entry of women into the male-dominated job market have limited the opportunities of teenagers who are already questioning the heavy personal sacrifices involved in climbing Japa

10、n“s rigid social ladder to good schools and jobs. In a recent survey, it was found that only 24.5 percent of Japanese students were fully satisfied with school life, compared with 67.2 percent of students in the United States. In addition, far more Japanese workers expressed dissatisfaction with the

11、ir jobs than did their counterparts in the 10 other countries surveyed. While often praised by foreigners for its emphasis on the basics, Japanese education tends to stress test taking and mechanical learning over creativity and self-expression. “Those things that do not show up in the test scores p

12、ersonality, ability, courage or humanity are completely ignored,“ says Toshiki Kaifu, chairman of the ruling Liberal Democratic Party“s education committee. “Frustration against this kind of thing leads kids to drop out and run wild.“ Last year Japan experienced 2,125 incidents of school violence, i

13、ncluding 929 assaults on teachers. Amid the outcry, many conservative leaders are seeking a return to the prewar emphasis on moral education. Last year Mitsuo Setoyama, who was then education minister, raised eyebrows when he argued that liberal reforms introduced by the American occupation authorit

14、ies after World War had weakened the “Japanese morality of respect for parents.“ But that may have more to do with Japanese life-styles. “In Japan,“ says educator Yoko Muro, “it“s never a question of whether you enjoy your job and your life, but only how much you can endure.“ With economic growth ha

15、s come centralization, fully 76 percent of Japan“s 119 million citizens live in cities where community and the extended family have been abandoned in favor of isolated, two generation households. Urban Japanese have long endured lengthy commutes (travels to and from work) and crowded living conditio

16、ns, but as the old group and family values weaken, the discomfort is beginning to tell. In the past decade, the Japanese divorce rate, while still well below that of the United States, has increased by more than 50 percent, and suicides have increased by nearly one-quarter. （分数：20.00）_3.It“s a rough

17、 world out there. Step outside and you could break a leg slipping on your doormat. Light up the stove and you could burn down the house. Luckily, if the doormat or stove failed to warn of coming disaster, a successful lawsuit might compensate you for your troubles. Or so the thinking has gone since

18、the early 1980s, when juries began holding more companies liable for their customers“ misfortunes. Feeling threatened, companies responded by writing ever-longer warning labels, trying to anticipate every possible accident. Today, stepladders carry labels several inches long that warn, among other t

19、hings, that you mightsurprise! fall off. The label on a child“s Batman cape cautions that the toy “does not enable user to fly“. While warnings are often appropriate and necessarythe dangers of drug interactions, for exampleand many are required by state or federal regulations, it isn“t clear that t

20、hey actually protect the manufacturers and sellers from liability if a customer is injured. About 50 percent of the companies lose when injured customers take them to court. Now the tide appears to be turning. As personal injury claims continue as before, some courts are beginning to side with defen

21、dants, especially in cases where a warning label probably wouldn“t have changed anything. In May, Julie Nimmons, president of Schutt Sports in Illinois, successfully fought a lawsuit involving a football player who was paralyzed in a game while wearing a Schutt helmet. “We“re really sorry he has bec

22、ome paralyzed, but helmets aren“t designed to prevent those kinds of injuries.“ says Nimmons. The jury agreed that the nature of the game, not the helmet, was the reason for the athlete“s injury. At the same time, the American Law Institutea group of judges, lawyers, and academics whose recommendati

23、ons carry substantial weightissued new guidelines for tort law stating that companies need not warn customers of obvious dangers or bombard them with a lengthy list of possible ones.“ Important information can get buried in a sea of trivialities.“ says a Law professor at Cornell Law School who helpe

24、d draft the new guidelines. If the moderate end of the legal community has its way, the information on products might actually be provided for the benefit of customers and not as protection against legal liability. （分数：20.00）_4.In the first year or so of Web business, most of the action has revolved

25、 around efforts to tap the consumer market. More recently, as the Web proved to be more than a fashion, companies have started to buy and sell products and services with one another. Such business-to-business sales make sense because businesspeople typically know what product they“re looking for. No

26、netheless, many companies still hesitate to use the Web because of doubts about its reliability. “Businesses need to feel they can trust the pathway between them and the supplier,“ says senior analyst Blanc Erwin of Forrester Research. Some companies are limiting the risk by conducting online transa

27、ctions only with established business partners who are given access to the company“s private internet. Another major shift in the model for Internet commerce concerns the technology available for marketing. Until recently, Internet marketing activities have focused on strategies to “pull“ customers

28、into sites. In the past year, however, software companies have developed tools that allow companies to “push“ information directly out to consumers, transmitting marketing messages directly to targeted customers. Most notably, the Pointcast Network uses a screen saver to deliver a continually update

29、d stream of news and advertisements to subscribers“ computer monitors. Subscribers can customize the information they want to receive and proceed directly to a company“s Web site. Companies such as Virtual Vineyards are already starting to use similar technologies to push messages to customers about

30、 special sales, product offerings, or other events. But push technology has earned the contempt of many Web users. Online culture thinks highly of the notion that the information flowing onto the screen comes there by specific request. Once commercial promotion begins to fill the screen uninvited, t

31、he distinction between the Web and television fades. That“s a prospect that horrifies Net purists. But it is hardly inevitable that companies on the Web will need to resort to push strategies to make money. The examples of Virtual Vineyards, Amazon. com, and other pioneers show that a Web site selli

32、ng the right kind of products with the right mix of interactivity, hospitality, and security will attract online customers. And the cost of computing power continues to free fall, which is a good sign for any enterprise setting up shop in silicon. People looking back 5 or 10 years from now may well

33、wonder why so few companies took the online plunge. （分数：20.00）_5.An invisible border divides those arguing for computers in the classroom on the behalf of students“ career prospects and those arguing for computers in the classroom for broader reasons of radical educational reform. Very few writers o

34、n the subject have explored this distinction-in-deed, contradiction, which goes to the heart of what is wrong with the campaign to put computers in the classroom. An education that aims at getting a student a certain kind of job is a technical education, justified for reasons radically different fro

35、m why education is universally required by law. It is not simply to raise everyone“s job prospects that all children are legally required to attend school into their teens. Rather, we have a certain conception of the American citizen, a character who is incomplete if he cannot competently assess how

36、 his livelihood and happiness are affected by things outside of himself. But this was not always the case, before it was legally required for all children to attend school until a certain age, it was widely accepted that some were just not equipped by nature to pursue this kind of education. With op

37、timism characteristic of all industrialized countries, we came to accept that everyone is fit to be educated. Computer-education advocates forsake this optimistic notion for a pessimism that betrays their otherwise cheery outlook. Banking on the confusion between educational and vocational reasons f

38、or bringing computers into schools, computer-education advocates often emphasize the job prospects of graduates over their educational achievement. There are some good arguments for a technical education given the right kind of student. Many European schools introduce the concept of professional tra

39、ining early on in order to make sure children are properly equipped for the professions they want to join. It is, however, presumptuous to insist that there will only be so many jobs for so many scientists, so many businessmen, so many accountants. Besides, this is unlikely to produce the needed num

40、ber of every kind of professional in a country as large as ours and where the economy is spread over so many states and involves so many international corporations. But, for a small group of students, professional training might be the way to go since well-developed skills, all other factors being e

41、qual, can be the difference between having a job and not of course, the basics of using any computer these days are very simple. It does not take a lifelong acquaintance to pick up various software programs. If one wanted to become a computer engineer, that is, of course, an entirely different story

42、. Basic computer skills takeat the very longesta couple of months to learn. In any case, basic computer skills are only complementary to the host of real skills that are necessary, to becoming any kind of professional. It should be observed, of course, that no school, vocational or not, is helped by

43、 a confusion over its purpose. （分数：20.00）_翻译三级笔译实务分类模拟题 6 答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、English Chinese Tran(总题数：5，分数：100.00)1.When a new movement in art attains a certain fashion, it is advisable to find out what its advocates are aiming at, for, however farfetched and unreasonable their principles m

44、ay seem today, it is possible that in years to come they may be regarded as normal. With regard to Futurist poetry, however, the case is rather difficult, tor whatever Futurist poetry may be even admitting that the theory on which it is based may be right, it can hardly be classed as Literature. Thi

45、s, in brief, is what the Futurist says. Over one century, the life situation in the past had been changed rapidly. And now, we live in the world which is full of noise, violence and speed. Consequently, our feelings, thoughts and emotions have undergone a corresponding change. This speeding up of li

46、fe, says the Futurist, requires a new form of expression. We must speed up our literature too, if we want to interpret modem stress. We must pour out a large stream of essential words, unhampered by stops, or qualifying adjectives, of finite verbs. Instead of describing sounds we must make up words

47、that imitate them. We must use many sizes of type and different colored inks on the same page, and shorten or lengthen words at will. Certainly their descriptions of battles are confused. But it is a little upsetting to read in the explanatory notes that a certain line describes a fight between a Tu

48、rkish and a Bulgarian officer on a bridge off which they both fall into the river and then to find that the line consists of the noise of their falling and the weights of the officers: “Pluff! Pluff! A hundred and eighty-five kilograms.“ This, though it fulfills the laws and requirements of Futurist poetry, can hardly be classed as Literature. All the same, no thinking man can refuse to accept their first proposition: that a great change in