大学英语四级阅读-23及答案解析.doc

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1、大学英语四级阅读-23 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Reading Compr(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、Section A(总题数：2，分数：20.00)There is a popular belief among parents that schools are no longer interested in spelling. This is, however, a (1) . No school I have taught in has ever ignored spelling or considered it (2) as a bas

2、ic skill. There are, however, (3) different ideas about how to teach it, or how much priority it must be given over general language development and writing ability.If spelling becomes the only focal point of his teachers interest, clearly a bright child will be likely to “play safe“, this is to say

3、, to avoid using words he is not sure of. He will tend to write only words within his spelling range, choosing to avoid (4) language. Thats why teachers often (5) the early use of dictionaries and pay attention to content rather than technical ability. In this way, students will be able to (6) their

4、 ideas more freely.I was once shocked to read on the bottom of a sensitive piece of writing about a personal experience: “This work is (7) ! There are far too many spelling errors and your writing is illegible (难以辨认的).“ It may have been a sharp (8) of the pupils technical abilities in writing, but i

5、t was also a sad reflection on the teacher who had (9) to read the essay, which contained some beautiful expressions of the childs deep feelings. The teacher was not wrong to draw attention to the errors, but ff his priorities had centered on the childs ideas, an expression of his disappointment wit

6、h the presentation would have given the pupil more (10) to seek improvement.A. unimportant B. failed C. specifically D. encourageE. adventurous F. withdrawn G. vastly H. terribleI. motivation J. reaction K. criticism L. indicateM. express N. misunderstanding O. resistant（分数：10.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1

7、:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_Some years ago I was offered a writing assignment that would require three months of travel through Europe. I had been abroad a couple of times, but I could hardly (1) to know my way around the continent. Moreover, my knowledge of foreign languages

8、was (2) to a little cortege French.I hesitated. How would I, unable to speak the language, (3) unfamiliar with local geography or transportation systems, set up (4) and do research? It seemed impossible, and with considerable (5) I sat down to write a letter begging off. Halfway through, a thought r

9、an through my mind: you cant learn if you dont try. So I accepted the assignment.There were some bad (6) . But by the time I had finished the trip I was an experienced traveler. And ever since, I have never hesitated to head for even the most remote of places, without guides or even (7) bookings, co

10、nfident that somehow I will manage.The point is that the new, the different, is almost by definition (8) . But each time you try something, you learn, and as the learning piles up, the world opens to you.Ive learned to ski at 40, and flown up the Rhine River in a (9) . And I know Ill go on doing suc

11、h things. Its not because Im braver or more daring than others. Im not. But Ill accept anxiety as another name for challenge and I believe I can (10) wonders.A. accomplish B. advanced C. balloon D. claimE. constantly F. declare G. interviews H. limitedI. manufacture J. moments K. news L. reducedM. r

12、egret N. scary O. totally（分数：10.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_三、Section B(总题数：2，分数：40.00)The Lost Art of ListeningA. “Why wont he even listen to my idea?“, “Why am I cut off before I provide the whole story?“ How many times have you been frustrated by someo

13、ne not listening to what you have to say? How many times have you frustrated others by not listening to them? We tend to think that listening is the same as hearing; but listening is the art of being alert to the problems of the person you are with. Problems caused by not listening can be serious, n

14、ot only at work, but also with family and friends. Many times we jump in to say whats on our minds before weve even acknowledged what the other person has said, short circuiting the possibility of mutual understanding. Speaking without listening, hearing without understanding. In fact were often baf

15、fled and dismayed by the feeling of being left sitting around in the dark.B. Effective managers are proactive (主动的) listeners. They dont wait for members of their staff to come to them; they make an active effort to find out what people think and feel by asking them. The manager who meets frequently

16、 with staff members keeps informed and, even more importantly, communicates interest in the people themselves. An open-door policy allows access, but it doesnt substitute for an active campaign of reaching out and listening to people. The manager who doesnt ask questions communicates that he or she

17、doesnt care. And ff he or she doesnt listen, the message is “Im not there for you.“ Even if a manager decides not to follow a subordinates suggestion, listening with sincere interest conveys respect and makes the employee feel appreciated.C. Communicating by memo or e-mailhowever witty or informalis

18、 not substitute for personal contact, because it closes off the chance to listen. Simply going through the motions of meeting with people doesnt work either. The fake listener doesnt fool anyone. Poor eye contact, shuffling feet, busy hands, and meaningless replies, like “Thats interesting“ and “Is

19、that right?“ give them away. The insincere listeners lack of interest in the conversation betrays a larger problem: lack of interest in the person with whom the listener is communicating.D. Most people dont listen with the intent to understand; they listen with the intent to reply. Even at work, whe

20、re performance takes priority over relationships, listening carefully to understand the other persons point of viewbefore you even think about replyingis the key to productive communication. Effective managers develop a routine in which communication time is an integral part of the job. They meet wi

21、th their staff and ask questions. They dont react before gathering all the facts. If they dont know what their people are thinking and feeling, they askand they listen.E. When we dont feel heard by our superiors, few of us give up right away. We write memos, we ask to meet with them, we try to commu

22、nicate our needs and convey our points of view. Then we give up. Frequently, we complain to our coworkers and our family and friends. Venting feelings of frustration with third parties rather than addressing conflicts at their source can take on epidemic proportions in work settings. Sometimes it ta

23、kes the form of gossip, running down someone whos not present.F. But, some of you might be thinking, my boss really is insensitive. Ive tried to talk to him, and he just doesnt listen. The mistake people make in trying to get through to unreceptive superiors is the same mistake most of us make in de

24、aling with the difficult people in our lives: we try to change them. And when that doesnt work, we give up. Instead, start by examining your own expectations. What do you want and how are you programmed to go about getting it? Are you expecting to have your personal needs met at work? Do you work ha

25、rd and wait patiently for the boss to tell you that youre doing a great job, like a good little boy or girl?G. Listening is important at work because it enables people to understand each other, get along and get the job done. But dont get too personal. Dont let your compassion allow someone to talk

26、about their personal problems, which is interfering with work. This may be happening if youre the only person he talks to. A good supervisor keeps channels of communication openand keeps them focused on the task at handby asking for frequent feedback about how things are going (on the job). “what do

27、 you like and dislike so far about working here?“, “Is there anything you think we should change to make things smoother?“H. Remember that it can be intimidating for subordinates to give criticism or make suggestions. If you want them to feel safe enough to open up, reassure them that you appreciate

28、 their ideas. “Im glad you spoke up.“ “Thanks for letting me know.“ “I didnt realize.Im glad you told me.“ Listening to the people we work with isnt the same as becoming friends with them. Many people worry that if we allow ourselves to get personal at the workplace, things might get sticky. But tho

29、se who think that effective teamwork isnt about listening (its about getting things done) are wrong. Without being heard we are diminished, as workers and as people.I. Keep in mind the difference between dissent (异议) and defiance (挑衅). Defiance means attacking the other persons position and making h

30、im wrong. Dissent means having the courage to stand up for what you think and feel. Its the difference between saying “Youre wrong“ and “This is how I feel.“ Clearly, a dissenting message is much easier to hear than a defiant one. The listener is more willing and interested in hearing a dissenters o

31、bjection. Someone who hears a defiant objection will tend to either ignore the comment or be rudely counter-defiant. This is a common problem that tends to increase barriers between people, something you dont want in a work environment where teamwork is necessary. Careful listening is difficult and

32、takes practice to improve. Try harder to understand the other persons perspective.（分数：20.00）(1).Personal contact can never be replaced by communicating through memo or e-mail which might be witty or informal.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(2).If an employee wants to communicate with an unreceptive superior, he sho

33、uld not try to change the boss.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(3).Effective managers make an active effort to keep informed of what a staff member thinks.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(4).It is not allowed to talk about personal problems at work, because it interferes with work.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(5).The saying “This is how I feel

34、“ can be classified as a dissenting message.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(6).It is useful to send the message to the subordinate that their ideas would be appreciated because it can let them feel safe to open up.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(7).When we dont feel heard by our superiors, most of us wont give up immediately.（分数

35、：2.00）填空项 1:_(8).The key to productive communication is to listen with the intent to understand.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(9).Different from hearing, listening is the art of being alert to the problems of those you are with.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(10).A good supervisor frequently asks for feedback about how things a

36、re going so that he can keep channels of communication open.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_Here comes the e-book revolutionA. At what temperature do electronic books catch fire? Were going to find out sometime this year. E-book sales are about to ignite. On Monday, A is expected to unveil a new version of its Kind

37、le reader. It will probably be a lot better and a little cheaper than the first version. But the real news already broke this week A company spokesman announced that Amazon plans to offer Kindle books on Cell Phones. This news countered Googles announcement that the 1.5 million public domain books a

38、vailable on its Google Book Search offering will soon be available (free, of course) via a new Cell Phone application.B. I believe that Cell Phones will quickly outpace the dedicated e-book readers, including the Kindle, as the platform of choice for e-book readers. Leading the pack? The iPhone, iro

39、nically. Its worth noting that A sold more Kindles (at least 500,000) in its first year of sales than Apple sold iPods in its first year (378,000). Apple may not understand the value of e-books, but iPhone users will embrace them anyway. The reason is simple: The iPhone has a huge, high-quality scre

40、en. And its user base includes millions of people who love to do everything on their iPhones, including reading, which theyre already doing with online content. I (and others) have been predicting for some time that Apple will ship a killer tablet at some point. This device, I believe, will have the

41、 iPhone user interface and a super high-quality screen. It will be ideal for reading e-books as well.C. Just because e-books are available on better (the new Kindle) and more (all Cell Phones) devices doesnt mean people will read them. But mark my words, read them they will. Six trends will conspire

42、 (共同促成) over the next year to drive e-book reading to levels that will surprise just about everybody.D. The economy is in the tank, and people are looking to cut costs any way they can. An Amazon Kindle pays for itself after the purchase of 20 or 30 books, then starts paying dividends. You save big

43、on books, magazines and newspapers. These savings will grow even more attractive as the recession deepens.E. Interest in protecting the environment just keeps growing and growing. The idea of getting a daily newspaper or a weekly or monthly magazine on paper seems incredibly wasteful to the point of

44、 decadence. Environmental consciousness will drive e-book acceptance.F. The book publishing industry is one of the most backward, musty, out-of-date businesses in our economy. While every other kind of information moves at the speed of light, the process of publishing a book is like something from t

45、he Middle Ages. For authors, it can take months to even find a literary agent willing to represent their work. Then the agent takes months to find a publisher. Then it takes ages for the publishing company to get the book out there. People are already circumventing (设法回避) all this by self-publishing

46、. The self-publishing industry is the only area of paper-book publishing thats thriving right now. Soon enough, a huge number of authors are finally going to get fed up with the publishing industry and just self-publish electronically. Theyll hire their own freelance editors, and do the marketing th

47、emselves. The publication of a finished manuscript will take minutes, rather than months.G. Old-school thinkers in the publishing industry will lament (悲叹) the slap-dash nature of self-published e-books, and sniff that books are no longer published with the quality and care that they used to. (Never

48、 mind that book publishers abandoned high standards years ago in previous cost-cutting initiatives.) The world will pass them by as the book industry undergoes the same transition that happened with the media and blogs. First, the media didnt understand blogs. Then they invalidated them. Then they a