大学英语四级阅读-22及答案解析.doc

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1、大学英语四级阅读-22 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Reading Compr(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、Section A(总题数：2，分数：20.00)Years ago, doctors often said that pain was a normal part of life. In particular, when older patients (1) of pain, they were told it was a natural part of aging and they would have to learn to live w

2、ith it.Times have changed. Today, we take pain (2) . Indeed, pain is now considered the fifth vital sign, as important as blood pressure, temperature, breathing rate and pulse in (3) a persons well-being. We know that chronic (慢性的) pain can disrupt (扰乱) a persons life, causing problems that (4) from

3、 missed work to depression.Thats why a growing number of hospitals now depend upon physicians who (5) in pain medicine. Not only do we evaluate the cause of the pain, which can help us treat the pain better, but we also help provide comprehensive therapy for depression and other psychological and so

4、cial (6) related to chronic pain. Such comprehensive therapy often (7) the work of social workers, psychiatrists (心理医生) and psychologists, as well as specialists in pain medicine.This modem (8) for pain management has led to a wealth of innovative treatments which are more effective and with fewer s

5、ide effects than ever before. Decades ago, there were only a (9) number of drugs available, and many of them caused (10) side effects in older people, including dizziness and fatigue. This created a double-edged sword: the medications helped relieve the pain but caused other problems that could be w

6、orse than the pain itself.A. gravely B. respect C. limited D. specializeE. seriously F. prompting G. involves H. relievedI. significant J. magnificent K. range L. issuesM. result N. determining O. complained（分数：10.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_Most people o

7、ften dream at night. When they wake in the morning they say to themselves, “What a strange dream I had! I wonder what made me dream that.“Sometimes (1) are frightening. Sometimes, in dreams, wishes come true. At other times we are troubled by strange dreams in which the world seems to have been (2)

8、upside-down and nothing makes sense.In dreams we do things which we would never do when were (3) . We think and say things we would never think and say. Why are dreams so strange and (4) ? Where do dreams come from?No one has produced a more satisfying (5) than a man called Sigmund Freud. He said th

9、at dreams come from a part of ones mind which one can neither recognize nor control. He (6) this the “unconscious mind.“The new worlds Freud (7) were inside man himself. For the unconscious mind is like a deep well, full of memories and feelings. These memories and feelings have been stored there fr

10、om the (8) of our birth. Our conscious mind has forgotten them. We do not know that they are there until some unhappy or unusual experience causes us to remember, or to dream dreams. Then (9) we see the same thing and feel the same way we felt when we were little children.The unconscious forces insi

11、de us are at least as powerful as the conscious forces we know about. Sometimes we do things without knowing why. If we dont, the reasons may lie (10) in our unconscious minds.A. turned B. dreams C. deep D. unfamiliarE. urging F. moment G. suddenly H. urbanI. narrowly J. weave K. explored L. answerM

12、. obstacle N. awake O. named（分数：10.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_三、Section B(总题数：2，分数：40.00)Culture ShockA. Because Ive lived in China for a long time, locals often smile and give me the honorable title of being “an Old China-hand“. Im flattered by that, bu

13、t I know that no matter how long I live here, Ill still be a “lao-wai“. But Chinese people are very hospitable, and in many situations I feel very much at home. But it wasnt always that way. I must admit, it is not easy to adapt to a new environment. Perhaps by sharing the experiences of one of my f

14、riends, readers will gain some insight into adjustments that they may face in the future.B. My friend Dr. Dong had a wonderful chance to go to Seattle to present a paper at a professional meeting. Having attended my course in Intercultural Communications, he consulted me to review some of the cultur

15、al differences he might experience. I also gave him the phone number of a friend of mine who lived in the area. When he got back, we met to review his experience. Dr. Dong told me that the course information had helped him. He experienced the typical stages of culture shock. He arrived expectant (期待

16、的) and happy and enjoyed his first days very much. At the medical conference, he felt quite confident in his area of research and was able to perform well in his presentation. But after a few days, he began to feel uncomfortable. His medical English was fine, but the social interaction skills were d

17、ifferent, and he was unsure of the cues and the communication style.C. He worried more and more that he was misunderstanding simple English greetings and table talk conventions. When someone greeted him with, “Hi, hows it going?“ he thought they had asked him “where are you going?“ and answered with

18、 the name of the conference hall, only to get a quizzical (古怪的) stare from them. At a western style dinner, a colleague asked, “So howre you enjoyin the States?“ he thought he heard, “how are you enjoying your steak?“ and answered that he was eating chicken, not beef. That time, they smiled, and pat

19、iently repeated the question, then both laughed at the error.D. Such misunderstandings and miscommunications were minor. But for Dr. Dong, they were the beginning of a sense of “cultural confusion.“ By the end of the meetings, he felt a deep sense of “cultural stress“ and was worn out from having to

20、 pay attention to so many new expressions and ways of dealing with things. He felt his handshake was not as firm as Americans, found that people reacted unusually when he modestly insisted his English was not good after they complimented him, didnt know how to accept dinner invitations properly and

21、therefore missed out on going to several lunches, and so on. Eventually, he was so bewildered that he felt the full impact of “culture shock.“E. What is culture shock and why does it occur? The term was coined about 50 years ago by the Swedish scholar, Kalvero Oberg. His seminal (有重大影响的) article, “C

22、ulture Shock: Adjustment to New Cultural Environments“ (1960) has been reprinted and revised for many textbooks and magazines. He called it “the occupational disease of people who have been suddenly transplanted abroad.“ His use of the word “disease“ is a pun, because it implies that it is like an “

23、ailment (疾病), with its own symptoms and cure,“ but also that the root cause is also a feeling of “dis-“ ease, or unsettled uneasiness.F. Think back on your own experience. Have you ever moved from one context to another? Many students feel some of this adjustment shock when they change from one scho

24、ol to another, or move from a small town to a big city. The list of sensations one feels in new surroundings often includes: Feeling like an outsider, feeling unsure of oneself or even feeling stupid; sensing that ones language skills arent good enough, missing jokes, colloquial (口语的) phrases, refer

25、ences to TV shows or pop songs or other cultural “insider“ information; feeling lonely and wanting to go “home,“ feeling more and more like a stranger or outcast; feeling overwhelmed, overloaded, daydreaming, staring blankly at things or even staring at nothing; becoming more and more afraid of comm

26、unicating and of making mistakes, worried, anxious.G. These are all symptoms of initial culture shock. With a new context comes new ways of doing things. So being uninitiated (不被接纳的) and unsure of what to do, this sense of displacement is often very strong at the beginning. But the good news is that

27、 humans are very good at adapting. Though everyone undergoes some degree of psychological stress in transition, after a few weeks or months, we learn how to “read“ our new context. We become aware of the new cues, the new expectations, errors, and with a lot of patience with oneself, most people suc

28、ceed in overcoming culture shock and learn to enjoy their new context.H. Dr. Dongs visit to the US was only three weeks long, but by the end of the 5-day medical conference, he was already starting to feel more confident. Sure he felt a little foolish about some of the mistakes he had made, but he q

29、uickly learned to laugh at his errors and found his colleagues smiled with him. This broke down the barriers to communication and helped him build some good professional relationships. And after the conference, he contacted the family I had referred him to and had a very nice time visiting them. The

30、re were some new cultural surprises, but he discovered he could better understand and adapt to them.I. By the time he returned to China, he was feeling quite positive about his American trip, and was glad for the new experiences and new skills it had given him. He had become successful in the initia

31、l transitions to a new culture. Though he had gone through some embarrassing or trying culture stresses, each had proven to be valuable learning experiences, and in the end had helped him overcome culture shock. Of course, there were a hundred other adjustments. Some were the ones most difficult at

32、first. Getting used to new things is a normal part of any transitionI wish you good luck in your future adjustments!（分数：20.00）(1).When Dr. Dong was complimented for his English, he felt he didnt deserve it.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(2).Feeling like an outsider is one of the sensations one feels in a new envir

33、onment.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(3).It was the social interaction skills that troubled Dr. Dong during his visit to the US.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(4).For Dr. Dong, the embarrassing or trying culture stresses had turned out to be valuable learning experiences.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(5).When Dr. Dong was greeted with “Hi, h

34、ows it going?“, he responded with the name of a conference hall.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(6).Dr. Dong quickly learned to laugh at his own oral mistakes, which helped him break down the barriers to communication.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(7).Since we are good at adapting, we can learn to “read“ our new context in a per

35、iod as short as a few weeks or months.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(8).Dr. Dong attended a course of Intercultural Communications in order to get to know some of the cultural differences.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(9).Culture shock is defined as the occupational disease of people who have been suddenly transplanted to fore

36、ign countries.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(10).On many occasions I feel very much comfortable in China, because Chinese people are very hospitable.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_HalloweenA. On October 31st, dozens of children dressed in costumes knock on their neighbors doors and yell “Trick or Treat“ when the door opens. Pir

37、ates and princesses, ghosts and popular heroes of the day all hold bags open to catch the candy or other goodies that the neighbors drop in. As they give each child a treat, the neighbors exclaim over the costumes and try to guess who is under the masks. Since the 800s November 1st is a religious ho

38、liday known as All Saints Day. The Mass that was said on this day was called Allhallowmas. The evening before became known as All Hakkiween, or Halloween. Like some other American celebrations, its origins lie in both pre-Christian and Christian customs.B. October 31st was the eve of the Celtic new

39、year. The Celts were the ancestors of the present-day Irish, Welsh and Scottish people. On this day ghosts walked and mingled with the living, or so the Celts thought. The townspeople baked food all that day and when night fell they dressed up and tried to resemble the souls of the dead. Hoping that

40、 the ghosts would leave peacefully before midnight of the new year. Much later, when Christianity spread throughout Ireland and October 31st was no longer the last day of the year, Halloween became a celebration mostly for children. “Ghosts“ went from door to door asking for treats, or else a trick

41、would be played on the owners of the house. When millions of Irish people immigrated to the United States in the 1840s the tradition came with them.C. Today school dances and neighborhood parties called “block parties“ are popular among young and old alike. More and more adults celebrate Halloween.

42、They dress up like historical or political figures and go to masquerade parties (化装舞会). In larger cities, costumed children and their parents gather at shopping malls early in the evening. Stores and businesses give parties with games and treats for the children. Teenagers enjoy costume dances at th

43、eir schools and the more outrageous the costume the better! Certain pranks (恶作剧) such as soaping car windows and tipping over garbage cans are expected. But partying and pranks are not the only things that Halloweeners enjoy doing. Some collect money to buy food and medicine for needy children aroun

44、d the world.D. Halloween originated as a celebration connected with evil spirits. Witches flying on broomsticks with black cats, ghosts, goblins (小精灵) and skeletons have all evolved as symbols of Halloween. They are popular trick-or-treat costumes and decorations for greeting cards and windows. Blac

45、k is one of the traditional Halloween colors, probably because Halloween festivals and traditions took place at night. In the weeks before October 31st, Americans decorate windows of houses and schools with silhouettes (轮廓) of witches and black cats.E. Pumpkins are also a symbol of Halloween. The pu

46、mpkin is an orange-colored squash, and orange has become the other traditional Halloween color. Carving pumpkins into jack-olanterns is a Halloween custom also dating back to Ireland. A legend grew up about a man named Jack who was so mean that he was not allowed into heaven when he died, because he

47、 was a miser (吝啬鬼). He couldnt enter hell either because he had played jokes on the devil. As a result, Jack had to walk the earth with his lantern until Judgement Day. The Irish people carved scary faces out of turnips (芜菁根), beets (甜菜根) or potatoes representing “Jack of the Lantern,“ or Jack-o-lan

48、tern. When the Irish brought their customs to the United States, they carved faces on pumpkins because in the autumn they were more plentiful than turnips. Today jack-o-lanterns in the windows of a house on Halloween night let costumed children know that there are goodie (糖果) waiting ff they knock and say “Trick or Treat!“Dried Pumpkin SeedsF. After carvin