大学英语四级268及答案解析.doc

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1、大学英语四级 268及答案解析(总分：746.56，做题时间：130 分钟)一、Writing (30 minutes)(总题数：1，分数：30.00)1.For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on ability and good appearance in job-hunting. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below: 1、在工作中，传统观点认为能力比相貌更重要 2、现在有人认为相貌比能力更重要

2、3、阐述你的观点 （分数：30.00）_二、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：1，分数：71.00)Secrets of the Forest In 1942 Allan R Holmberg, a doctoral student in anthropology from Yale University, USA, ventured deep into the jungle of Bolivian Amazonia and searched out an isolated band of Siriono Indians. The Siriono, Holmberg later

3、 wrote, led a “strikingly backward“ existence. Their villages were little more than clusters of thatched huts. Life itself was a continuing and punishing search for food: some families grew manioc and other starchy crops in small garden plots cleared from the forest, while other members of the tribe

4、 scoured the country for small game and promising fish holes. When local resources became depleted, the tribe moved on. As for technology, Holmberg Noted, the Siriono “may be classified among the most handicapped peoples of the world“. Other than bows arrows and crude digging sticks, they only tools

5、 the Siriono seemed to possess were “two machetes (大砍刀) worn to the size of pocket-knives“. Amazonian as unable to sustain complex societies Although the lives of the Sirono have changed in the intervening decades, the image of them as Stone Age relics has endured. Indeed, in many respects the Sirio

6、no sum up the popular conception of life in Amazonia. To casual observers, as well as to influential natural scientists and regional planners, the flourishing forests of Amazonia seem ageless, unconquerable, a habitat totally hostile to human civilization. The apparent simplicity of Indian ways of l

7、ife has been judged an evolutionary adaptation to forest ecology, living proof mat Amazonia could not-and cannot-sustain a more complex society. Archaeological traces of far more elaborate cultures have been dismissed as the ruins of invaders from outside the region, abandoned to decay in the uncomp

8、romising tropical environment. Recent evidence The popular conception of Amazonia and its native residents would be enormously consequential if it were true. But the human history of Amazonia in the past 11, 000 years betrays that view as myth. Evidence gathered in recent years from anthropology and

9、 archaeology indicates that the region has supported a series of indigenous (本土的) cultures for eleven thousand years; an extensive network of complex societies-some with populations perhaps as large as 100, 000-thrived there for more than 1, 000 years before the arrival of Europeans. (Indeed, some c

10、ontemporary tribes, including the Siriono, still live among the earthworks of earlier cultures). Far from being evolutionarily retarded, prehistoric Amazonian people developed technologies and cultures that were advanced for their time. If the lives of Indians today seem “primitive“, the appearance

11、is not the result of some environmental adaptation or ecological barrier; rather it is a comparatively recent adaptation to centuries of economic and political pressure. Investigators who argue otherwise have unwittingly projected the present onto the past. The evidence for a revised view of Amazoni

12、a will take many people by surprise. Ecologists have assumed that tropical ecosystems were shaped entirely by natural forces and they have focused their research on habitats they believe have escaped human influence. But as the University of Florida ecologist, Peter Feinsinger, has noted, an approac

13、h that leaves people out of the equation is no longer capable of being maintained in argument. The archaeological evidence shows that the natural history of Amazonia is to a surprising extent tied to the activities of its prehistoric inhabitants. The role of recent technology in ecological research

14、in Amazonia The realization comes none too soon. In June 1992, political and environmental leaders from across the world met in Rio de Janeiro to discuss how developing countries can advance their economies without destroying their natural resources. The challenge is especially difficult in Amazonia

15、. Because the tropical forest has been depicted as ecologically unfit for large-scale human occupation, some environmentalists have opposed development of any kind. Ironically, one major casualty of that extreme position has been the environment itself. While policy makers struggle to define and imp

16、lement appropriate legislation, development of the most destructive kind has continued apace over vast areas. The other major casualty of the “naturalism“ of environmental scientists has been the indigenous Amazonians, whose habits of hunting, fishing, and slash-and-burn cultivation often have been

17、represented as harmful to the habitat. In the clash between environmentalists and developers, the Indians, whose presence is in fact crucial to the survival of the forest, have suffered the most. The new understanding of the pre-history of Amazonia, however, points toward a middle ground. Archaeolog

18、y makes clear that with wise management selected parts of the region could support more people than anyone thought before. The long-buried past, it seems, offers hope for the future. （分数：71.00）(1).The reason for the simplicity of the Indian way of life is that Amazonia has always been unable to supp

19、ort a more complex society.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(2).There is a crucial popular misconception about the human history of Amazonia.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(3).There are lessons to be learned from similar ecosystems in other parts of the world.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(4).Most ecologists were aware that the areas o

20、f Amazonia they were working in bad been shaped by human settlement.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(5).Peter Feinsinger has noted that an approach that leaves people out of the equation is not tenable any more.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(6).The challenge is especially not easy in Amazonia.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(7).Policy

21、makers struggle to define and implement appropriate legislation but fail.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(8).The other 1 of the “naturalism“ of environmental scientists has been the indigenous Amazonians.（分数：7.10）填空项 1:_(9).The indigenous Amazonian Indians are 1 the well-being of the forest.（分数：7.10）填空项 1:_(10).

22、It would be possible for certain parts of Amazonia to support 1.（分数：7.10）填空项 1:_三、Listening Comprehens(总题数：1，分数：15.00)A.The woman had forgotten Maxims phone number.B.The man saw Maxim on the street two months ago.C.Maxim and the woman had not been in touch for some time.D.The woman made a phone call

23、 to Maxim yesterday.A.The library is closed on weekends.B.He was not allowed to check out the book.C.He had no idea where the book was.D.He didnt get the book he needed.A.In a clothing store.B.In a barbershop.C.In a bank.D.In a school.A.They will limit their teaching to certain subjects only.B.They

24、will be replaced by online education sooner or later.C.They will continue to exist along with online education.D.They will attract fewer kids as online education expands.A.He didnt like it at all.B.He liked some parts of it.C.He didnt think much of it.D.He enjoyed it as a whole.A.Bring her flowers e

25、very day.B.Leave his job to work for her.C.Quit delivering flowers.D.Work at a restaurant.A.The woman missed registration for the biology course.B.The woman got a wrong class permit.C.The woman misplaced her class permit for biology.D.The woman arrived for registration too early.A.Drop one course an

26、d do it next semester.B.Do the assignments towards the end of the semester.C.Take courses with a lighter workload.D.Quit the history course and choose another one instead.四、Section B(总题数：2，分数：10.00)A.The pleasure of skiing.B.The Montana National Park.C.How to learn to ski.D.How to spend the Christma

27、s holiday.A.She likes snow very much.B.Skiing helps her keep fit.C.Skiing gives her great pleasure to speed through the snow.D.She enjoys the fresh air and open view when skiing.A.When he was a little child.B.When he was 15 years old.C.Last Christmas holiday.D.Two weeks ago.A.He will at first learn

28、skiing in Montana, and then go back home.B.He will at first go back home, and then learn skiing in Montana.C.He will go back home with the woman for Christmas.D.He will learn skiing in Montana for the whole holiday.A.He is waiting for his favorite program.B.He is not getting on well with his roommat

29、e.C.He is relieving his study pressure.D.He is waiting for the woman.A.Because he didnt do well last time.B.Because he is usually busy.C.Because he doesnt know what he got last time.D.Because he isnt familiar with the woman.A.He thinks it is too late.B.He doesnt want to make her important.C.He doesn

30、t know her well.D.He doesnt believe she is good at math.A.She is sure that Elizabeth is free.B.She is sure that this call can help Elizabeth review.C.Elizabeth owes her a big favor.D.Elizabeth is always ready to help others.A.Americans life-style.B.Me-books.C.Do-it-yourself.D.Mind your own business.

31、A.It publishes books with aid of computers.B.It only publishes childrens books.C.It “personalizes“ the books by having the computer make the reader the leading character in the story.D.It publishes books written by oneself.A.To tell children how to learn to read.B.To love animals.C.To love life.D.To

32、 develop enthusiasm for reading and help a child to learn how to read.A.Because it was too heavy.B.Because it did not bend easily.C.Because it did not shoot far.D.Because its string was short.A.It went out of use 300 years ago.B.It was invented after the short bow.C.It was discovered before fire and

33、 the wheel.D.Its still in use today.A.They are accurate and easy to pull.B.Their shooting range is 40 yards.C.They are usually used indoors.D.They took 100 years to develop.A.Christians all over the world.B.People of the world.C.Only American people.D.Great people in the world.A.Monday.B.First of Ma

34、y.C.Sunday.D.Saturday.A.In 1918.B.In 1880.C.In the 1980s.D.In the 1890s.A.Thanksgiving and Christmas.B.Labor Day and New Years Day.C.Easter and Fourth of July.D.Easter and Christmas.六、Section C(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Unless we spend money to and prevent asteroids, i.e. minor planets, one might (36) 1 into e

35、arth and destroy life as we know it, say some scientists. Asteroids are bigger (37) 2of the meteoroids that race across the night sky. Most orbit the sun far from earth and dont (38) 3us. But there are also (39) 4whose orbits put them on a (40) 5course with earth. Buy $50 million worth of new (41) 6

36、right now. Then spend $ 10 million a year for the next 25 years to locate most of the space rocks. By the time we (42) 7a fatal one, the scientists say, well have a way to change its course. Some scientists favor pushing asteroids off course with nuclear (43) 8. But the cost wouldnt be cheap. Is it

37、worth it? Two things experts consider when judging any risk are: (44) 9Experts think an asteroid big enough to destroy lots of life might strike earth once every 500,000 years. (45) 10. “If we dont take care of these big asteroids, theyll take care of us,“ says one scientist. “Its that simple.“ The

38、cure, though, might be worse than the disease. (46) 11? “The world has less to fear from doomsday rocks than from a great nuclear fleet set against them,“ said a New York Times article. （分数：10.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_七、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：

39、2，分数：355.00)A long time ago, both thunder and lightning lived on the earth, among all the people. Thunder was an old mother sheep and Lightning was her son, a handsome ram, but neither animal was very popular. When anybody offended the ram, Lightning, he would fly into a furious rage and begin burni

40、ng down huts and corn bins, and even knock down large trees. Sometimes he damaged crops on the farms with his fire and occasionally he killed people who got in his way. As soon as his mother, Thunder, knew he was behaving in this evil way, she would raise her voice and shout as loudly as she could,

41、and that was very loud indeed. Naturally the neighbours were very upset, first at the damage caused by Lightning and then by the unbearable noise that always followed his outbursts. The villagers complained to the king on many occasions , until at last he sent the two of them to live at the very edg

42、e of the village, and said that they must not come and mix with people any more. However, this did no good, since Lightning could still see people as they walked about the village streets and so found it only too easy to continue picking quarrels with them. At last the king sent for them again. “I h

43、ave given you many chances to live a better life,“ he said, “but I can see that it is useless. From now on, you must go right away from our village and live in the wild bush. We do not want to see your faces here again. Thunder and Lightning had to obey the king and left the village, angrily cursing

44、 its inhabitants. Alas, there was still plenty of trouble in store for the villagers, since Lightning was so angry at being banished that he now set fire to the whole bush, and during the dry seasons this was extremely unfortunate. The flames spread to the little farms which the people had planted,

45、and sometimes to their houses as well, so that they were in despair again. They often heard the mother rams mighty voice calling her son to order, but it made very little difference to his evil actions. The king called all his councillors together and asked them to advise him, and at last they hit o

46、n a plan. One white-headed elder said: “Why dont we banish Thunder and Lightning right away from the earth? Wherever they live there will be trouble, but if we sent them up into the sky we should be rid of them. So Thunder and Lightning were sent away into the sky, where the people hoped they would

47、not be able to do any more damage. Things did not work out quite as well as they had hoped, however, for Lightning still loses his temper from time to time and cannot resist sending fire down to the earth when he is angry. Then you can hear his mother rebuking him in her loud rumbling voice. Occasio

48、nally even his mother cannot bear to stay with him and goes away for a little while. You will know when this happens, for Lightning still flashes his fire on the earth, but his mother is so far away that she does not see, and her voice is silent. （分数：177.50）(1).Whenever anyone annoyed Lightning, he would become so angry he would burn buildings and knock down trees. From this sentence, we can know that_.（分数：35.50）A.Lightning liked to tease peopleB.Lightning was very patient with peopleC.Lightning could not control h