大学四级-1802及答案解析.doc

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1、大学四级-1802 及答案解析(总分：712.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Writing(总题数：1，分数：106.00)1.1.目前越来越多的人购买彩票2.彩票可以使人们受益，可也能带来危害3.我的观点On Lottery.（分数：106.00）_二、Part Reading Compr(总题数：4，分数：70.00)A Nativist Argument for ImmigrationI have a plan that will raise wages, lower prices, increase the nations stock of scientists and e

2、ngineers, and maybe even create the next Google. Better yet, this plan wont cost the government a dime. In fact, it will save a lot of money. But few politicians are going to want to touch it.Heres the plan. more immigration. A pathway to legal status for undocumented immigrants. And a recognition t

3、hat immigration policy is economic policy, and needs to be thought of as such.See what I meant about politicians not liking it?Economists will tell you that immigrants raise wages for the average native-born worker. Theyll tell you that they make things cheaper for us to buy here, and that if we did

4、nt have immigrants for some of these jobs, the jobs would move to other countries. Theyll tell you that we should allow for much more highly skilled immigration, because thats about as close to a free lunch as youre likely to find. Theyll tell you that the people who should most want a path to legal

5、 status for undocumented immigrants are the low-income workers who are most opposed to such plans. And about all this, the economists are right.There are also noneconomic considerations, of course. Integrating cultures and nationalities is difficult. Undocumented immigrants raise issues of law and f

6、airness. Border security is important. Those questions are important. Theyre just not the subject of this column.The mistake we make when thinking about the effect immigrants have on our wages, says Giovanni Peri, an economist at the University of California, Davis, who has studied the issue extensi

7、vely, is we imagine an economy in which the number of jobs is fixed. Then, if one immigrant comes in, he takes one of those jobs or forces a worker to accept a lower wage. But thats not how our economy works.With more laborparticularly more labor of different kindsthe economy grows larger. It produc

8、es more stuff. There are more workers buying things, and that increases the total number of jobs. We understand perfectly well that Europe is in trouble because its low birthrates mean fewer workers, and that means less economic growth. We ourselves worry that were not graduating enough scientists a

9、nd engineers. But the economy doesnt care if it gets workers through birthrates or green cards.In fact, theres a sense in which green cards are superior. Economists separate new workers into two categories: those who “substitute“ for existing labor (were both construction workers, and the boss can e

10、asily trade you out for me) and those who “complement“ existing labor (youre a construction engineer and Im a construction worker). Immigrants, more than U. S.-born workers, tend to be in the second category, as the jobs you want to give to someone who doesnt speak English very well and doesnt have

11、many skills are different from the jobs you give to people who are fluent and have more skills.That means firms can expand more rapidly because they have more labor of different types, and that native workers can do jobs where theyre more productive. If you have lots of immigrant laborers willing to

12、 build things, a firm can build more things (and build them in America), and has more need for native workers who can supervise the production and do the technical work. The effect of all thiswhich has been demonstrated in multiple studiesis that immigrants raise wages for the average American.But t

13、hats only half of their benefit. “Living standards are a function of two things,“ says Michael Greenstone, director of the Hamilton Project, which is hosting a Washington conference on the economics of immigration next week. “Theyre a function of our wages and the prices of the goods we purchase.“ A

14、nd immigrants reduce the prices of those goods. Patricia Cortes, an economist at the University of Chicagos Booth School of Business, found that immigrants lowered the prices in “immigrant-intensive industries“ like housekeeping and gardening by about 10 percent. So our wages go up and the prices of

15、 the things we want to buy go down.We should remember, though, that the average worker isnt every worker. A study by Harvard economists George Borjas and Lawrence Katz found that although immigrants raised native wages overall, they slightly hurt the 8 percent of workers without a high-school educat

16、ion and those with a college education. A subsequent study by Peri looked harder at the ways immigrant labor differed from native labor and found that all groups of workers saw a benefit from immigrantsthough unskilled workers saw less of a benefit than highly skilled workers.And unskilled workers f

17、ace even tougher competition from undocumented immigrants who, because their status is so fragile, will accept pay beneath the minimum wage. And they are unlikely to complain about safety regulations or work conditions. That takes unskilled immigrants from being a bit cheaper than unskilled natives

18、and makes them a lot cheaperwhich makes employers likelier to hire them for jobs that native workers could do better.This suggests, first, that American workers would be better off if we figured out a way to take the 12 million undocumented immigrants and give them legal status, and second, that we

19、might want to give them more direct help if were going to increase immigration. Both are possiblejust politically difficult.What shouldnt be politically difficult is forming a consensus around increasing the number of highly skilled immigrants. Due to a 1965 law, our immigration system is based on f

20、amily unification. More than 65 percent of visas are for purposes of bringing family members to the United States. Only 15 percent are for economic reasons. As Darrell West of the Brookings Institution writes in his book Brain Gain, this means that immigrant families, rather than current policymaker

21、s, decide who enters the country.There are other benefits to higher immigration, too. Contrary to popular belief, immigrants tend to pay more money to the government than they get back from it, as they pay lots of taxes but often collect fewer benefits. Theyre young, which helps us keep our entitlem

22、ents afloat as the boomers retire.And then, of course, there are the benefits to the immigrants themselves and to their families back home. But Ive probably scared the politicians enough for one day.（分数：49.00）(1).What do we know about the authors plan according to the first paragraph?A. It will cost

23、 the country a lot of money.B. It will help train the countrys stock engineers.C. It will benefit people with higher wages and lower prices.D. Many politicians are going to embrace it.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).In the opinion of economists, who should most want a path to legal status for undocumented immi

24、grants?A. The low-income workers who most object to the plans.B. Politicians who do not like such undocumented immigrants.C. Economists who applaud for such immigration policy.D. The average native-born workers who want to raise wages.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).What mistake do we make when we think about

25、the effect immigrants have on our wages, in the words of Giovanni Peri?A. We believe immigrants will lead to more unemployment.B. We imagine an economy in which the number of jobs is settled.C. We wonder immigrants might raise issues about laws and fairness.D. We think that integrating cultures and

26、nationalities are difficult.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(4).What is the initial reason that leads to economic growth trouble in Europe?A. Its low birthrates result in less economic growth.B. Fewer workers produce insufficient products.C. It can not graduate enough scientists and engineers.D. Its purchasing pow

27、er is inadequate at the moment.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(5).The rapid expansion of firms and its relevant effect means that _.A. native workers can undertake more light jobsB. the average American will have more flexible timeC. native workers can supervise the immigrant workersD. immigrants raise wages for

28、the average American（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(6).Michael Greenstone says that living standards are a function of _.A. our educational standards and college entrance ratesB. our wages and the prices of the goods we purchaseC. social stability and curb of crimesD. peoples emotional and physical health（分数：7.00

29、）A.B.C.D.(7).What did the study by Harvard economists George Borjas and Lawrence Katz find concerning immigrants?A. They raised all native workers average wages.B. They need a college education to raise their wages.C. They raised wages of 8 percent of native workers.D. They slightly lowered wages of

30、 some workers.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.2.Undocumented immigrants will accept pay beneath the minimum wage because of 1.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_3.According to a 1965 law, American immigration system is built on the basis of 1.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_4.The fact that immigrants tend to pay more money to the government than th

31、ey get back from it is opposite to 1.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_三、Part Listening Com(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Section A(总题数：4，分数：105.00)(1).A. Review their notes from lectures.B. Reread their textbook.C. Review their homework assignments.D. Talk with their professor.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A. Try to borrow Professor Wilso

32、ns camera.B. Apologize for breaking Professor Wilsons camera.C. Use the mans camera carefully.D. Ask the man to take photographs for her.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A. Get a new suit.B. Worry less about his appearance.C. Look for a different job.D. Have his suit cleaned.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(4).A. Leave the pa

33、ckage for him to mail later.B. Find another person to send the package.C. Proofread the report for him.D. Finish the report before Wednesdays meeting.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(5).A. The womans notes might have fallen off her desk.B. The woman can borrow his notes.C. Hell help the woman organize her desk.D.

34、The woman probably wont find her notes.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(1).A. The woman can make her call tomorrow.B. There is a problem with the womans telephone.C. The airlines offices are closed.D. He does not know what the problem could be.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A. Spend more time working on chemistry problems.B

35、. Talk to an advisor about dropping the course.C. Work on the assignment with a classmate.D. Ask the graduate assistance for help.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A. Shell speak to Larry about the problem.B. Larry has apologized to his roommate with a good temper.C. Larry should find a new roommate.D. Larrys ro

36、ommate may be partly responsible for the problem.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.Questions 19 to 22 are bused on the conversation you have just heard.（分数：28.00）(1).A. They are college professor and student.B. They are both senior students.C. The woman starts working tomorrow.D. The man is a career consultant.（分数：7

37、.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A. She will be working for others.B. She will further her own study.C. She will move somewhere else.D. She will start her own business.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A. IT.B. Business.C. Finance.D. Economics.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(4).A. To enjoy her vacations.B. To travel for business.C. To learn a

38、bout the world.D. To look for opportunities.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.Questions 23 to 25 are bused on the conversation you have just heard.（分数：21.00）(1).A. The accent.B. The people.C. The transportation.D. The food.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A. He was too eager to be friendly.B. He was shy and not very open.C. He

39、was not respected by others.D. He was a little rude to others.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A. People were bored with his words.B. People were disgusted by his smell.C. He was looked down upon by others.D. He was standing too close to others.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.五、Section B(总题数：3，分数：70.00)Passage OneQuestions 26

40、 to 29 are based on the passage you have just heard.（分数：28.00）(1).A. The body shows how smart a person is.B. The body knows what it needs to be healthy.C. The body is much clever than the mind.D. The body knows what is more nutritious.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A. Babies are not afraid of injection.B. Peo

41、ple love sweet food since born.C. Infants prefer sour tastes.D. Sugar can prevent cancer.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A. Children like candies with sour tastes.B. Only children aged 5 to 9 like candies.C. Children can not distinguish sour and sweet.D. Citric acid adds more flavor to candies.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D

42、.(4).A. Help fight cancer.B. Cure serious diseases.C. Enhance mental health,D. Ensure a balanced diet.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.Passage TwoQuestions 30 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard.（分数：21.00）(1).A. He was an outstanding speech maker.B. He designed a public address system.C. He is an exc

43、ellent designer and inventor.D. His speech turned out to be successful.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A. Neglect learning to use the facilities in advance.B. Forget to apply slides and other visual aids.C. Fail to read his text beforehand.D. Ignore the audience in the back rows.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A. The imp

44、ortance of a public speech.B. The significance of preparation.C. The value of originality.D. The new technology of the lectern.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.Passage ThreeQuestions 33 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.（分数：21.00）(1).A. They will be in poor health in the future.B. They will be unfi

45、t for school.C. They will risk being isolated.D. They will become more dependent.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A. They may gain too much weight.B. They have bad eyesight.C. They suffer psychologically.D. They become less happy.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A. Parents shouldnt worry about their kids health.B. The medi

46、a always do wrong things.C. Watching TV is harmful to kids health.D. Parents are encouraged to return freedom to kids.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.六、Section C(总题数：1，分数：77.00)According to Abraham Maslow, work helps us meet a number of important needs. His theory of human (36) assumes that human needs are arrange

47、d along a hierarchy(层级). When the needs at one level of the hierarchy are satisfied, the next set of needs begins to seem more important and to (37) for satisfaction.At the base of the hierarchy lie our most (38) needshunger and thirst. While these physiological needs are (39) . simple and self-cent

48、ered, they are also the most potent, for they support life itself. The next level on the hierarchy is (40) with our need for safety. After we feel (41) of three meals a day, we work to secure warmth and comfort, protection from harm, and a (42) future. The third set of needs, which becomes our great

49、est concern after we have established the necessary (43) , is that of “belongingness“ and love. Working with others provides us with (44) .We need to know that our identities, beliefs, and problems are shared and validated by special groups within our culture. Besides work colleagues, such groups might include our neighbour, church, a womans group, fraternity brothers, Young Democrats,