大学六级-1149及答案解析.doc
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1、大学六级-1149 及答案解析(总分:710.00,做题时间:90 分钟)一、Part Writing(总题数:1,分数:103.00)1.Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Conservation in collage Campuses. You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below:1. 现在大学校园普遍存在浪费现象2. 为什么提倡节约3. 你的看法Conser
2、vation in collage Campuses(分数:103.00)_二、Part Reading Compr(总题数:1,分数:70.00)The New Science of SiblingsFor a long time, researchers have tried to nail down just what shapes us-or what, at least, shapes us most. And over the years, theyve had a lot of eureka moments (突发灵感的时刻). First it was our parents,
3、 particularly our mothers. Then it was our genes. Next it was our peers, who show up last but hold great sway. And all those ideas were good ones-but only as far as they went. Somewhere, there was a sort of temperamental(捉摸不定) dark matter exerting an invisible gravitational pull of its own. More and
4、 more, scientists are concluding that this unexplained force is our siblings.From the time they are born, our brothers and sisters are our scolds, protectors, tormentors, playmates, counselors, sources of envy, objects of pride. Our spouses arrive comparatively late in our lives; our parents eventua
5、lly leave us. Our siblings may be the only people well ever know who truly qualify as partners for life. Siblings are with us for the whole journey.At research centers in the U. S., Canada, Europe and elsewhere, scientists are gaining intriguing insights into the people we become as adults. Does the
6、 student struggling with a professor who plays favorites summon up the coping skills acquired from dealing with a sister who was Daddys girl? Do husbands and wives benefit from the inter-gender negotiations they waged when their most important partners were their sisters and brothers? Today serious
7、work is revealing exactly how our brothers and sisters influence us.Why childhood fights between siblings can be goodBy the time children are 11, they devote about 33% of their free time to their siblings-more time than they spend with friends, parents, teachers or even by themselves. Adolescents, w
8、ho have usually begun going their own way, devote at least 10 hours a week to activities with their siblings. Siblings are like the nurses on the ward. All that proximity breeds an awful lot of intimacyand an awful lot of friction.Laurie Kramer, professor of applied family studies at the University
9、of Illinois has found that, on average, sibs between 3 and 7 years old engage in some kind of conflict 3.5 times an hour. Kids in the 2-to-4 age group top out at 6.3or more than one clash every I0 minutes, according to a Canadian study.But as much as all the fighting can set parents hair on end, the
10、res a lot of learning going on too, specifically about how conflicts, once begun, can be settled. Shaw and his colleagues conducted a years-long study and found that the kids who practiced the best conflict-resolution skills at home carried those abilities into the classroom. “Siblings have a social
11、izing effect on one another,“ Shaw says. “Unlike a relationship with friends, youre stuck with your sibs. You learn to negotiate things day to day. “Its that permanence, researchers believe, that makes siblings a rehearsal tool for later life. Somewhere in there is the early training for the e-mail
12、joke that breaks an office silence or the husband who signals that a fight is over by asking his wife what she thinks they should do about that fast-approaching vacation anyway. “Sibling relationships are where you learn all this,“ says developmental psychologist Susan McHale of Penn State Universit
13、y. “They are relationships between equals.“How not being Moms favorite can have its advantagesParents feel a lot of guilt over the often evident if rarely admitted preference they harbor for one child over another. If favorites exist, however, it may be not the parents fault, but evolutions.It is fo
14、und that 65% of mothers and 70% of fathers exhibited a preference for one childin most cases, the older one. Whats more, the kids know whats going on. They all say, “Well, it makes sense that they would treat us differently, because hes older or were a boy and a girl.“ But at a deeper level, second-
15、tier children may pay a price. “They tend to be sadder and have more self-esteem questions,“ Conger says. “They feel like theyre not as worthy, and theyre trying to figure out why.“Its no accident that employees in the workplace instinctively know which person to send into the lions den of the corne
16、r office with a risky proposal or a bit of bad news. And its no coincidence that the sense of hurt feelings and adolescent envy you get when that same colleague emerges with the proposal approved and the bosss applause seems so familiar. But what you summon up with the feelings you first had long ag
17、o is the knowledge you gained then toothat the smartest strategy is not to compete for approval but to strike a partnership with the favorite and spin the situation to benefit yourself as well.Why your sibling isor isntyour best role modelIts no secret that brothers and sisters emulate one another o
18、r that the learning flows both up and down the age ladder. Younger siblings mimic the skills and strengths of older ones. Older sibs are prodded(刺激、督促) to attempt something new because they dont want to be shown up by a younger one who has already tried it. More complexand in many ways more importan
19、tare those situations in which siblings dont mirror one another but differentiate themselvesa phenomenon psychologists call de-identification.De-identification has an important function: pushing some sibs away from risky behavior. Siblings pass on dangerous habits to one another in a depressingly pr
20、edictable way. But some kids break the moldand for surprising reasons. Joseph Rodgers, a psychologist, found that while older brothers and sisters often do introduce younger ones to the habit, the closer they are in age, the more likely the younger one is to resist. Apparently, their proximity in ye
21、ars has already made them too similar.How a sibling of the opposite sex can affect whom you marryFar subtlerand often far sweeterthan the risk-taking modeling that occurs among all sibs is the gender modeling that plays out between opposite-sex ones. Brothers and sisters can be fierce de-identifiers
22、. In a study of adolescent boys and girls, the boys unsurprisingly scored higher in such traits as independence and competitiveness while girls did better in characteristics like sensitivity and helpfulness. What was less expected is that when kids grow up with an opposite-sex sibling, such exposure
23、 doesnt temper (使变淡) gender-linked traits but stress them. Both boys and girls are closer still to gender stereotype and even seek friends who conform to those norms.The guys who had older sisters had more involving interactions and were liked significantly more by their new female acquaintances. Wo
24、men with older brothers were more likely to strike up a conversation with the male stranger and to smile at him more than he smiled at her.How those early bonds can grow stronger with ageOne of the greatest gifts of the sibling tie is that while warmth grows over time, the conflicts often become les
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