BFT阅读（综合）-试卷38及答案解析.doc

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1、BFT 阅读（综合）-试卷 38 及答案解析(总分：56.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part 3(总题数：4，分数：56.00)What will it mean to know the complete human genome. Eric Lander of MITs Whitehead Institute compares it to the discovery of the periodic table of the elements in the late 1800s. “Genomics is now providing biologys periodic table. “

2、says Lander. “Scientists will know that every phenomenon must be explainable in terms of this measly list“ which will fit on a single CD-ROM. Already researchers are extracting DNA from patients, attaching fluorescent molecules and sprinkling the sample on a glass chip whose surface is speckled with

3、 10,000 known genes. A laser reads the fluorescence, which indicates which of the known genes on the chip are in the mystery sample from the patient. In only the last few months such “gene expression monitoring“ has diagnosed a muscle tumor in a boy thought to have leukemia, and distinguished betwee

4、n two kinds of cancer that require very different chemotherapy. But decoding the book of life poses daunting moral dilemmas. With knowledge of our genetic code will come the power to reengineer the human species. Biologists will be able to use the genome as a parts list much as customers scour a lis

5、t of china to replace broken plates and may well let prospective parents choose their unborn childs traits. Scientists have solid leads on genes for different temperaments, body builds, statures and cognitive abilities. And if anyone still believes that parents will recoil at praying God, and leave

6、their babys fate in the hands of nature recall that couples have already created a frenzied market in eggs from Ivy League women. Beyond the profound ethical issues are practical concerns. The easier it is to change ourselves and our children, the less society may tolerate those who do not; warns Lo

7、ri Andrews of Kent College of Law. If genetic tests in uterus predict mental dullness, obesity, short stature or other undesirable traits of the moment will society disparage children whose parents let them be born with those traits? Already, Andrews finds, some nurses and doctors blame parents for

8、bringing into the world a child whose birth defect was diagnosable before delivery; how long will it be before the same condemnation applies to cosmetic imperfections? An even greater concern is that well-intentioned choices by millions of individual parents-to-be could add up to unforeseen conseque

9、nces for all of humankind. It just so happens that some disease genes also confer resistance to disease: carrying a gene for sickle cell anemia, for instance, brings resistance to malaria. Are we smart enough, and wise enough, to know how knocking out “bad“ genes will affect our evolution as a speci

10、es?（分数：14.00）(1).The main similarity between the biologys periodic table and the periodic table of the elements is _.（分数：2.00）A.they are both listsB.they can be used to explain every phenomenon in their own fieldsC.they can be used to diagnose diseasesD.they are both used to cure diseases(2).In the

11、second paragraph, “the book of life“ refers to _.（分数：2.00）A.a book written by a prophetB.a book written by a biologistC.the periodic table of the elementsD.the human genome(3).We can infer that some couples are eager to get eggs from Ivy league women because _.（分数：2.00）A.they cant give birth to chil

12、drenB.they want to have a good-looking childC.they want to have a clever childD.curiosity drives them to do that(4).What is mainly discussed in the passage?（分数：2.00）A.The biologys periodic table.B.The possible influence of decoding human genome on humans life.C.Moral dilemmas posed by decoding human

13、 genome.D.Gene expression monitoring.(5).What result might it lead to for all of humankind when parents could choose their unborn childs traits in the future?（分数：2.00）A.Desirable.B.Perfect.C.Unpredictable.D.Immoral.(6).It can be learned from the passage that _.（分数：2.00）A.gene expression monitoring i

14、s helpful in curing diseasesB.all of the disease genes are harmful to human beingsC.short people may be more looked down upon in futureD.scientists are encouraged to do research on human genome(7).The authors attitude towards knowing the complete human genome can be described as _.（分数：2.00）A.critica

15、lB.objectiveC.positiveD.indifferentThe Planning Commission asserts that the needed reduction in acute care hospital beds can best be accomplished by closing the smaller hospitals, mainly voluntary and proprietary. This strategy follows from the argument that closing entire institutions saves more mo

16、ney than closing the equivalent number of beds scattered throughout the health system. The issue is not that simple. Larger hospitals generally are designed to provide more complex care. Routine care at large hospitals costs more than the same care given at smaller hospitals. Therefore, closure of a

17、ll the small hospitals would commit the city to paying considerably more for in-patient care delivered at acute care hospitals than would be the case with a mixture of large and small institutions. Since reimbursement rates at the large hospitals are now based on total costs, paying the large instit

18、utions a lower rate for routine care would simply raise the rates for complex care by a comparable amount. Such a reimbursement rate adjustment might make the charges for each individual case more accurately reflect the actual costs, but there would be no reduction in total costs. There is some evid

19、ence that giant hospitals are not the most efficient. Service organizations and medical care remains largely a service industry frequently find that savings of scale have an upper limit. Similarly, the quality of routine care in the very largest hospitals appears to be less than optimum. Also, the c

20、oncentration of all hospital beds in a few locations may affect the access to care. Thus, simply closing the smaller hospitals will not necessarily save money or improve the quality of care. Since the fact remains that there are too many acute care hospital beds in the city, the problem is to devise

21、 a proper strategy for selecting and urging the closure of the excess beds. However many it may turn out to be. The closing of whole buildings within large medical centers has many of the cost advantages of closing the whole of smaller institutions, because the fixed costs can also be reduced in suc

22、h cases. Unfortunately, many of the separate buildings at medical centers are special-use facilities. The relocation of which is extremely costly. Still a search should be made for such opportunities. The current lack of adequate ambulatory care facilities raises another possibility. Some floors or

23、other large compact areas of hospital could be transferred from in-patient to ambulatory uses. Reimbursement of ambulatory services is chaotic, but the problem is being addressed. The overhead associated with the entire hospital should not be charged even pro rate to the ambulatory facilities. Even

24、if it were, the total cost would probably be less than that of building a new facility. Many other issues would also need study, especially the potential overcentralization of ambulatory services. The Planning Commission language seems to imply that one reason for closing smaller hospitals is that t

25、hey are “mainly voluntary and proprietary“. Thus, preserving the public hospital system by making the rest of the hospital system absorb the needed cuts. It is important and not hidden behind arguments about hospital size. If indeed that was the meaning.（分数：14.00）(1).The best title for this passage

26、would be _.（分数：2.00）A.The Issue of Planning CommissionB.Methods of Selecting Hospital Beds to Be ClosedC.Protecting the Proprietary and Voluntary HospitalsD.Economic Efficiency in Hospital Bed Closings(2).The Planning Commission is accused by the author of being _.（分数：2.00）A.unfairB.racistC.foolishD

27、.shortsighted(3).On the subject of the number of hospital beds the author _.（分数：2.00）A.is in complete agreement with the Planning CommissionB.wishes to see large numbers of beds closedC.is unsure of the number of excess beds there really areD.wishes to forestall the closing to any more hospital beds

28、(4).All of the following statements are reasons the author opposes the Planning Commissions recommendation EXCEPT _.（分数：2.00）A.service industries have an upper limit for savings of scaleB.public hospitals have a unique contribution to make and should not be closedC.the smaller hospitals recommended

29、for closure provide services more cheaply than larger hospitalsD.hospitals are service organizations(5).With which of the following would the author probably NOT agree?（分数：2.00）A.Large medical centers provide better and much complex care than smaller hospitals do.B.Reimbursement rates do not necessa

30、rily reflect the actual costs of providing medical care to a given patient.C.Patients needing only routine medical care can often be distinguished from those requiring complex care prior to hospitalization.D.Access to medical care is an important issue.(6).The authors purpose in discussing ambulator

31、y care is to _.（分数：2.00）A.discuss alternatives to closing hospital bedsB.present a method or reducing the fiscal disadvantages ages or closing only parts of large hospitalsC.attack the inefficient use of space in larger hospitalsD.show another opportunity for saving money(7).How does the author feel

32、 that his suggestions for closing in-patient beds could impact on the ambulatory care system?（分数：2.00）A.A reduction of hospital beds will increase the demand for ambulatory services.B.Small hospitals will have to cut back ambulatory services to stay fiscally viable.C.The use as ambulatory facilities

33、 of the space made available in large hospitals by bed closings might result in having too many ambulatory services based in large hospitals.D.Ambulatory care costs will probably reduced.Recently, a man who was always in good health, spent a week in bed with severe flu. It was the worst illness in h

34、is life. The previous week, he and his wife separated. It seems his unusual ill health was connected with how badly he was feeling. Humans have long been aware that our health is linked with our thought, emotions and relationships. Now science is catching up with our intuition. A new field of scient

35、ific investigation has developed. The name for this new field is: psychoneuroimmunology(psycho = mind, neuro = nerves, and immuno = to do with the bodys immune system). Simply put, its the study of how our thoughts and feelings work with our immune and nervous systems. It is a recognition that how p

36、eople feel about their lives should also be a part of traditional medical science. There are already researchers at medical schools who are devoted to the study of psychoneuroimmunology. They are discovering surprising connections between mind and body. This is some of what they have discovered and

37、it is something we can try for ourselves. Disclosing our painful feelings by writing about them is good for our health. When we write about personal, painful things that have happened to us, or are happening to us, there is an increase in the activity of our immune systems. Our body is more able to

38、make antibodies(those cells that help keep us healthy)when we acknowledge the emotional pain in our lives. More antibodies mean more protection for our bodies. Keeping negative feelings inside us is bad for our health. One researcher has been working with breast cancer patients. She has been looking

39、 at the psychological factors in their illness and treatment. She has discovered that women who did not like to talk about the emotions created by their illness had more chance of dying in under five years after treatment. Of a group of 52 patients, 16 women died. All 16 women had said they usually

40、found it difficult to talk to people about their illness. So, simply speaking, it is bad for our health to keep negative feelings inside us. We need to talk about them to our family and friends. Getting rid of stress is an answer to remaining healthy. Other research shows that stress really can make

41、 us sick. People who lead stressful lives are more likely to fall ill with colds and flus and other illnesses. But, if we have lots of good quality relationships with family and friends in our life, then we are less likely to fall ill, even though the circumstances of our life might be difficult. Ha

42、ving a strong sense of self-identity keeps our body strong and healthy. The researchers also say that if we have a clear idea of who we are and what gives meaning to our life(that is, if we have a strong self-identity), then our body has a better chance of protecting itself. Talking about what is ha

43、ppening to us will make us feel better. Doctors are now changing the way they treat their patients. They are spending more time listening to the stories the patients tell about what is happening in their life. This time spent listening to the patient may be even more important than the time spent ex

44、amining the patient and giving them drugs. So, if we think we are getting sick, why dont we find a friend and spend some time talking about our feelings and emotions. We might find that the next day we wake up feeling much better.（分数：14.00）(1).According to the author, the man mentioned in the first

45、paragraph got ill because _.（分数：2.00）A.he is not a healthy manB.his bad feeling influenced his healthC.his wife separated with himD.flu is easy to be developed(2).In the second paragraph, the word “psychoneuroimmunology“ means _.（分数：2.00）A.the study of psychologyB.the study of immune and nervous sys

46、temC.the study of how our thoughts and feelings work with our immune and nervous systemsD.the study of the relationship between immune and nervous system(3).The author cites the treatment of 52 breast cancer patients to explain _.（分数：2.00）A.how to treat breast cancer effectivelyB.the death rate of b

47、reast cancerC.why women develop breast cancerD.the harm of keeping negative feelings inside(4).Which of the following statements is NOT mentioned in this passage?（分数：2.00）A.Relaxing is helpful for ones health.B.Writing down our painful feeling is good for our health.C.Regular exercise is helpful in

48、keeping a strong body.D.Keeping good social relationships is good for our health.(5).Disclosing our painful feelings by writing about them is good for our health because _.（分数：2.00）A.the emotional burden has been got rid ofB.the immune systems will become more activeC.writing is a good physical exer

49、ciseD.writing will make one cheer up(6).It can be inferred from the last paragraph that _.（分数：2.00）A.doctors will not give patients medicine in the treating processB.its not necessary to go to the hospital when one is illC.talking about ones feelings and emotions is a helpful alternative in curing diseasesD.friends are important in ones life(7).This passage is about _.（分数：2.00）A.why people fall illB.the influence of peoples thinking on their healthC.the new method that have been employed to cu