【考研类试卷】遗传物质的分子基础、孟德尔式遗传分析(二)及答案解析.doc

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1、遗传物质的分子基础、孟德尔式遗传分析(二)及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Most worthwhile careers require some kind of specialized training. Ideally, therefore, the choice of an (1) should be made even before the choice of a curriculum in high school. Actually, (2) , most people make sever

2、al job choices during their working lives, (3) because of economic and industrial changes and partly to improve (4) position. The “one perfect job“ does not exist. Young people should (5) enter into a broad flexible training program that will (6) them for a field of work rather than for a single (7)

3、 .Unfortunately many young people have to make career plans (8) benefit of help from a competent vocational counselor or psychologist. Knowing (9) about the occupational world, or themselves for that matter, they choose their lifework on a hit-or-miss (10) .Some drift from job to job. Others (11) to

4、 work in which they are unhappy and for which they are not fitted.One common mistake is choosing an occupation for (12) real or imagined prestige. Too many high school students-or their parents for them-choose the professional field, (13) both the relatively small proportion of workers in the profes

5、sions and the extremely high educational and personal (14) . The imagined or real prestige of a profession or a “white collar“ job is (15) good reason for choosing it as lifes work. (16) , these occupations are not always well paid. Since a large proportion of jobs are in mechanical and manual work,

6、 the (17) of young people should give serious (18) to these fields.Before making an occupational choice, a person should have a general idea of what he wants (19) life and how hard he is willing to work to get it. Some people desire social prestige, others intellectual satisfaction. Some want securi

7、ty, others are willing to take (20) for financial gain. Each occupational choice has its demands as well as its rewards.（分数：10.00）(1).A identification B entertainment C accommodation D occupation（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(2).A however B therefore C though D thereby（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(3).A entirely B mainly C p

8、artly D generally（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(4).A its B his C our D their（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(5).A since B therefore C furthermore D forever（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(6).A make B fit C take D leave（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(7).A job B way C means D company（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(8).A to B for C without D with（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(9).A litt

9、le B few C much D a lot（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(10).A chance B basis C purpose D opportunity（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(11).A apply B appeal C stick D turn（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(12).A our B its C your D their（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(13).A concerning B following C considering D disregarding（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(14).A preference B re

10、quirements C tendencies D ambitions（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(15).A a B any C no D the（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(16).A Therefore B However C Nevertheless D Moreover（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(17).A majority B mass C minority D multitude（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(18).A proposal B suggestion C consideration D appraisal（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(1

11、9).A towards B against C out of D without（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(20).A turns B parts C choices D risks（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.二、Section Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Part A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：10.00)The biggest demonstration in a generation is being assembled by mobilizing the power of the web, which al

12、lows anti-war groups to rally multitudes at the click of a mouse. Cornish speakers for peace can share ideas by e-mail with Rhodes Scholars Against the War while taking into account the sensitivities of the Young Muslim Sisters. Footsore ban-the-bomb veterans such as Tony Myers of the Campaign for N

13、uclear Disarmament, busily preparing yesterday for the mass protest, can only marvel at the power of the net.“Its made a massive difference,“ he said. “Back in the 1980s when we were trying to organize huge demos it was all about going to meetings and sending mail to regional people. I was a volunte

14、er before the 1983 demonstration which attracted 400,000 marchers. The office was just awash with people printing things on old duplicators. People today feel more like they are part of a big movement. In the 1980s, we would read about demos all over the world a few days later in the newspapers. Now

15、 you know all the details in advance if you are on the e-mail list. The Stop the War Coalition needs only a handful of headquarters staff because the website is a virtual campaign group in itself, complete with briefings, news, addresses and artwork.Childrens superior mastery of the internet is refl

16、ected in the proliferation of youth groups opposing war. The Woodcraft Folk (a sort of pacifist version of the Scouts) announce that they will be bringing an orange parachute on the march. The Engels-Marx Communist Party (slogan “Resist and Revolt“) is a group of pupils at a Leicester comprehensive

17、school opposing the war. The entire country is covered from the Aberdeen Students Against War Society to Torbay Stop the War group.Anti-war campaigners put leaflets, maps, posters and petitions on their websites for supporters to print, stick in their window or hand out at the march. Stop the War Co

18、alition includes a direct- debit form which supporters can download and send to their bank manager to make donations.Message boards are filled with anti-war protesters arguing their case. The issue is being exploited by the British National Party, which has posted a self-serving press release procla

19、iming support for the march because of their concerns over “the power of the Israeli lobby“. Anti-war individuals have been e-mailing friends with songs for the march, one to the tune of If Youre Happy and You Know It. The internet was created in the 1960s partly by the Advanced Research Project Age

20、ncy of the US Department of Defense. It is widely said to have been created in order to send military messages after an atomic war.（分数：10.00）(1).The example in the first paragraph is used to show the demonstrators _.A share the similar goals with one anotherB need to compromise with one anotherC can

21、 not really co-operate due to geographic isolationsD get in touch with one other easily on internet（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).We can know from the passage that in the 1980s, _.A it was impossible to organize any demonstration of large scale at allB people at that time did not feel that they were a part of

22、 any big movementC all the people involved in the organizing work were volunteersD reports about demonstrations can only be read several days after（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).What is the main idea of paragraph 3 ?A Anti-war movements bring about negative influence to children.B Children should be forbidden

23、 from participating in anti-war movements.C Children are also important participants, in internet anti-war movements.D Children can improve their computer literacy in anti-war movements.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).In the authors opinion, the British National Party _.A always supports anti-war movements of

24、any kindB concerns about the interests of Israeli groupsC cares about its own interests when supporting the marchD has done a lot of research in the filed of internet anti-war movement（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).Which one of the following is the best title for the passage?A Protesters Use Intenet as Weapon

25、 to Stop a WarB Civil War on the IntenetC Internet Prevents Anti-War MovementD A Call for Intenet War against Terrorism（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.五、Text 2(总题数：1，分数：10.00)When two of the worlds richest and mightiest men pledge to destroy an enemy, it is time to pay attention. Bill Gates, the former boss of Mic

26、rosoft who now devotes all his time to his charitable foundation, travelled this week to New York, the city run by Michael Bloomberg, to join his fellow billionaires campaign to stamp out smoking. Have the two potentates met their match? Despite decades of work by health campaigners, more than one b

27、illion people still smoke today. Smoking kills up to half of those who fail to quit puffing, reducing their lives by an average of 10 to 15 years. The World Health Organisation (WHO) says more than 5 million people a year die early from the effects (direct or indirect) of tobacco. That exceeds the c

28、ombined toll of HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis and malaria. Despite that dismal situation, there are three reasons to give the latest pair of campaigners a slim chance of success: money, methods and motivation. Messrs Gates and Bloomberg vowed to spend a combined total of $ 500 million on discouraging the w

29、eed. Since Mr. Bloombergs charity had already announced an award of $125 million earlier, the new money pledged this week totalled a “mere“ $ 375 million: $ 250 million from the mayor, and a fresh $ 125 million from the software magnates philanthropic outfit. How will this cash be spent? In quite in

30、novative ways, and that is a second reason for optimism. Hitherto, most anti-smoking funds have been channelled through a few large bureaucracies. But Mr. Bloombergs charity wants to let a thousand flowers bloom: in other words, to lend a hand to many initiatives, both public and private, to see wha

31、t works. There will be a competitive grant scheme for poor countries where the tobacco habit is spreading. The very fact that two giants are teaming up is a landmark in American philanthropy- comparable to Warren Buffetts decision, two years ago, to put his fortune at the disposal of Mr. Gates found

32、ation. As part of their joint commitment, Mr. Gates is giving some of his $ 125 million directly to Mr. Bloombergs charity; the rest will go to carefully monitored projects in India, China and other places where the number of smokers is rising relentlessly. Then there is motivation. There are other

33、big players in this cause, and that should induce every new entrant to try bringing something fresh to the party. Earlier this year the WHO started a campaign against tobacco known as MPower. One of its selling points was that in contrast with many other projects, it had a fairly clear idea about wh

34、at was needed. WHO experts have listed a series of tactics, ranging from aggressive public education to a rise in tobacco taxes, that deliver results. (Even if high taxes lead to some smuggling and diversion, studies done in Brazil, for example, show that fiscal measures do curb consumption. ) The W

35、orld Bank, which funded that research, is also thought to be ready to join the anti-smoking scrum after years of paying little attention. A crowded field, indeed. But having an extra $ 500 million from two hard-driven billionaires surely wont hurt. （分数：10.00）(1).What does “stamp out“ in the first pa

36、ragraph probably mean? A Crush severely. B Mark significantly. C Destroy completely. D Wipe heavily.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).As to the money of this campaign, which of the following statements is TRUE? A Messrs Gates and Bloomberg will assume all the money needed for this campaign. B Money from Mr. Bloo

37、mberg will partly be included in the budget of New York City. C Messrs Gates offered more money than Bloomberg did this week. D There will be a combined total of $ 875 million for this campaign.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).According to the text, how will the money be spent? A On government-lead projects onl

38、y. B On either public or private projects, as long as it works. C Mainly on promoting anti-smoking campaign in developing countries. D On supporting the law suits against tobacco companies.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).What is the unique significance of the MPower campaign? A It is backed by many powerful or

39、ganizations and companies. B It has a clear idea of what measures should be taken. C It has top specialists of WHO being the counselors. D It adopts fiscal, administrative and medical measures.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).What can we infer from the last paragraph about the authors attitude towards this camp

40、aign? A Neutral. B Negative. C Affirmative. D Not sure.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.六、Text 3(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Ever since they were first staged in 19th century Europe, worlds fairs have enabled people from around the globe to visit wondrous pavilions where they can discover distant lands and new technologies. The

41、 2006 worlds fair is no exception, but it also has a decidedly new- era twist: the whole event happens in cyberspace.A nonprofit project dreamed up by Americans Carl Malamud, a computer consultant, and Vinton Cerf, and Internet pioneer and telecommunications-company vice president, the Internet 2006

42、 World Exposition is a digital work in progress, a multi-chambered forum that cybernauts can help build and renovate throughout the year-and perhaps long after the fairs official close in December.While high-tech pavilions set up by sponsoring corporations are featured prominently, as in real fairs,

43、 this virtual exposition is closer in spirit and reality to a vast bustling bazaar, a marketplace for the talents and offerings of thousands of individuals and small groups. Anyone with a computer and a modem can not only “attend“ but also participate as an exhibitor by creating an individual multim

44、edia Website.Getting the fair up and running was by no means easy. Malamud, 36, spent the past year shuttling among 30 countries, lobbying companies that initially dismissed the project as unwieldy and unworkable. While some nations immediately supported the idea, others completely missed the point

45、of Malamuds vision: to make the fair a public-works project that focuses on what the Internet can offer expert or novice. Once grass-roots groups started backing the project, though, businesses were not far behind. By donating equipment and services, these companies will gain access to millions of p

46、otential consumers eager to see the firms latest technologies.Since the expositions Jan. 1 launch, as many as 40,000 visitors each day from more than 40 countries have tried the major Websites. Most virtual visitors log on from the U. S and Japan, but the United Arab Emirates, Sweden, Singapore and

47、Estonia have been represented. Comments logged in the fairs guest book are overwhelmingly positive. “Wow, the world is shrinking,“ wrote a visitor from the Netherlands. Since their initial hesitancy, the major sponsors-primarily telecommunications and software companies-have become firm believers. B

48、eyond the diversity of content and international scope, the fair is a technological marvel.The fastest international link ever installed, this pipeline could be the first step toward laying a permanent network that will eventually hardwire every nation in the world into the Internet. The organizers

49、hope that the infrastructure-and awareness-nurtured by this exposition will launch a boom in Net use.（分数：10.00）(1).The organizers thinks that the effect on Net use of the g006 worlds fair isA hardly positive.B dubiously-oriented.C quite instantaneous.D far-reaching.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).We can learn from th