【考研类试卷】武汉大学真题2008年及答案解析.doc
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1、武汉大学真题 2008 年及答案解析(总分:100.00,做题时间:90 分钟)一、Part Reading Compr(总题数:5,分数:40.00)Auctions are public sales of goods, conducted by an officially approved auctioneer. He asks the crowd assembled in the auction-room to make offers, or “bids“, for the various items on sale. He encourages buyers to bid higher
2、 figures and finally names the highest bidder as the buyer of the goods. This is called “knocking down“ the goods, for the bidding ends when the auctioneer bangs a small hammer on a table at which he stands. This is often set on a raised platform called a rostrum.The ancient Romans probably invented
3、 sales by auction, and the English word comes from the Latin Autcio, meaning “increase“. The Romans usually sold in this way the spoils taken in war; these sales were called sub hasta, meaning “under the spear“, a spear being stuck in the ground as a signal for a crowd to gather. In England in the e
4、ighteenth and nineteenth centuries, goods were often sold “by the candle“: a short candle was lit by the auctioneer, and bids could be made while it stayed alight.Practically all goods whose qualities vary are sold by auction. Among these are coffee, hides, skins, wool, tea, cocoa, furs, spices, fru
5、it and vegetables and wines. Auction sales are also usual for land and property, antique furniture, pictures, rare books, old china and similar works of art. The auction-rooms as Christies and Sothebys in London and New York are world-famous.An auction is usually advertised beforehand with full part
6、iculars of the articles to be sold and where and when they can be viewed by prospective buyers. If the advertisement cannot give full details, catalogues are printed, and each group of goods to be sold together, called a “lot“, is usually given a number. The auctioneer need not begin with Lot I and
7、continue in numerical order; he may wait until he registers the fact that certain dealers are in the room and then produce the lots they are likely to be interested in. The auctioneers services are paid for in the form of a percentage of the price the goods are sold for. The auctioneer therefore has
8、 a direct interest in pushing up the bidding as high as possible.(分数:8.00)(1).Why is the end of the bidding called “knocking down“?A. Because the auctioneer knocks the buyer down.B. Because the auctioneers knocks the rostrum down.C. Because the goods are knocked down on to the table.D. Because the a
9、uctioneer bangs the table with a hammer.(分数:2.00)A.B.C.D.(2).The Roman used to sell by auction_A. spoilt goods B. old worn-out weaponsC. property taken from the enemy D. spears(分数:2.00)A.B.C.D.(3).A candle used to burn at auction sales_A. because they took place at nightB. as a signal for the crowd
10、to gatherC. to keep the auctioneer warmD. to limit the time when offers could be made(分数:2.00)A.B.C.D.(4).The auctioneer may decide to sell the “lots“ out of the order because _A. he sometimes wants to confuse the buyersB. he knows from experience that certain people will want to buy certain itemsC.
11、 he wants to keep certain people waitingD. he wants to reduce the number of buyers(分数:2.00)A.B.C.D.Space is a dangerous place, not only because of meteors but also because of rays from the sun and other stars.Radiation is the greatest known danger to explorers in space. Doses of radiation are measur
12、ed in units called “rems“. We all receive radiation here on Earth from the sun, from cosmic rays and from radioactive minerals. The “normal“ dose of radiation that we receive each year is about 100 millirems; it varies according to where you live, and this is a very rough estimate. Scientists have r
13、eason to think that a man can put up with far more radiation than this without being damaged, the figure of 60 rems has been agreed. The trouble is that it is extremely difficult to be sure about radiation damage- a person may feel perfectly well, but the cells of his or her sex organs may be damage
14、d, and this will not be discovered until the birth of children or even grandchildren.Early space probes showed that radiation varies in different parts of space around the Earth. It also varies in time because, when great spurts of gas shoot out of the sun, they are accompanied by a lot of extra rad
15、iation. Some estimates of the amount of radiation in space, based on various measurements and calculations, are as low as 10 rems per year; others are as high as 5 rems per hour. Missions to the moon have had to cross the Van Alien belts of high radiation and, during the outward and return journeys,
16、 the Apollo 8 crew accumulated a total dose of about 200 millirems per man. It was hoped that there would not be any large solar flares during the times of the Apollo noon walks because the walls of the LEMs were not thick enough to protect the men inside. Though the command modules did give reasona
17、ble protection. So far, no dangerous doses of radiation have been reported, but the Gemini orbits and the Apollo missions have been quite short. We simply do not know yet how men are going to get on when they spend weeks and months outside the protection of the atmosphere, working in a space laborat
18、ory or in a base on the moon. Drugs might help to decrease the damage done by radiation, but no really effective ones have been found so far. At present, radiation seems to be the greatest physical hazard to space travelers, but it is impossible to say just how serious the hazard will turn out to be
19、 in the future.(分数:8.00)(1).Scientists have fixed a safety level of_A. 10 rems per year B. 60 rems per yearC. 100 milliremes per year D. 5 rems hour(分数:2.00)A.B.C.D.(2).The spacemen were worried about solar flares when they were_A. crossing the Van Alien belts B. setting up a moon baseC. exploring t
20、he surface of the moon D. waiting in the command module(分数:2.00)A.B.C.D.(3).When men spend long periods in space how will they protect themselves?A. By taking special drugs. B. By wearing special suits.C. By using a protective blanket. D. No solution has been found yet.(分数:2.00)A.B.C.D.(4).Which of
21、the following is true?A. The grandchildren of astronauts are deformed.B. The children of astronauts have damaged sex organs.C. Radiation damage may show only in later generations.D. Radiation does not seem to be very harmful.(分数:2.00)A.B.C.D.Over the past decade, American companies have tried hard t
22、o find ways to discourage senior managers from feathering their own nests at the expense of their shareholders. The three most popular reforms have been recruiting more outside directors in order to make boards more independent, linking bosses pay to various performance measures, and giving bosses s
23、hare options, so that they have the same long-term interests as their shareholders.These reforms have been widely adopted by Americas larger companies, and surveys suggest that many more companies are thinking of following their lead. But have they done any good? Three papers presented at the annual
24、 meeting of the Academy of Management in Boston this week suggest not.Start with those independent boards. On the face of it, dismissing the bosss friends from the board and replacing them with outsiders looks a perfect way to make senior managers more accountable. But that is not the conclusion of
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