【考研类试卷】上海外国语大学考研基础英语真题2008年及答案解析.doc
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1、上海外国语大学考研基础英语真题 2008年及答案解析(总分:150.00,做题时间:90 分钟)abrasive adaptable bath behalf challenge clear crowded distracting edge face find foot go gold hospital key land live open other patient ration recognize same soul take trace track world worthy All three winners of this year“s Nobel Prize for Medicine
2、are eminent scientists, but Mario Capecchi is the one with the spiral-staircase stow: the starving, homeless Italian street kid who found his way to America, to Harvard, to Utah, ever the refugee, before finally arriving at eternal glory and the Nobel Prize. It“s in many ways a familiar tale, Oliver
3、 Twist meets Albert Einstein, the pilgrim who comes to the promised land expecting, as he says, “the roads to be paved in 1 . What I found actually was just opportunity.“ But his story also has enough nice serrated edges to 2 our theories about genes and genius and what really makes us who we are. Y
4、ou could say the visionary geneticist had a 3 genetic edge. Capecchi“s grandmother was a painter, his uncle a renowned physicist, and his mother Lucy Ramberg an expat American poet 4 in a chalet in the Italian Alps when Mario was born in 1937. She had fallen in with a group of bohemian writers who b
5、elieved, her son says with just a 5 of bemusement, that “they could wipe out Fascism and Nazism with a pen.“ After the Gestapo came in 1941 to take her to Dachau, Mario 6 on the streets. He was 4 years old. All children have their own normal; they have not yet seen any worlds other than their own. C
6、apecchi“s 7 was an uncontrolled experiment in resilience. “I never felt sorry for myself,“ he recalls. “Children are remarkably 8 . Put them in a situation, and they simply will do whatever it is they need to do.“ For his band of urchins, that meant a cunning methodical pursuit of food and shelter.
7、They worked together like raptors, one child 9 the street vendors so another could steal the fruit. Capecchi finally landed in a 10 in Reggio Emilia, where he could starve more systematically. The daily 11 was a piece of bread and some chicory coffee, and to keep the children from running off, “they
8、 12 all of our clothes away.“ He lay on a bed with no sheets, no blankets, feverish with hunger. It was there he learned the art of 13 plotting as he imagined all the ways he might escape and the obstacles he“d 14 to do so. In 1945, when American soldiers liberated Dachau, Lucy went hunting for her
9、son. She scoured hospital records, searching for more than a year before she 15 him down. It was on his 9th birthday, Oct. 6, 1946, that the mother he scarcely 16 arrived, a new Tyrolean outfit in hand, including the hat with the feather. She took him to Rome, where he had his first 17 in six years,
10、 and ultimately to the New World, where they settled in Quaker Commune outside Philadelphia. Creativity, Capecchi once said, comes from “the 18 juxtaposition“ of life experiences. His old life and new one certainly rubbed each other raw. Some teachers wrote off the feral boy who had never set 19 in
11、a school and spoke no English; but others gave him paints and told him to make murals to communicate. One day he was beating up the 20 third-graders, since that was what he knew how to do. And soon he was beating up older kids on 21 of his peers. “That gave me a position,“ he says, “some social stan
12、ding.“ Capecchi ultimately 22 his way to Harvard, the center of the universe in the early days of molecular biology. But he felt 23 by colleagues whose rivalries consumed them as much as their research. So he set off for the University of Utah, where the sight lines suited him better and collegialit
13、y was the 24 to success. He lives in a house high over a canyon. “I love looking across long distance,“ he says. “I think it sort of 25 up my mind.“ This vista is necessary for his work as well as his 26 . Capecchi looks at science as a series of circles: the smallest circle is the one in which ever
14、yone is doing the 27 thing. As you move farther out “fewer people are willing to go there, but you“re charting new area. 28 too far. Step out of bounds, and you“re in science fiction. So you have to be careful, But you want to be as close to the 29 as possible.“ When he first proposed manipulating m
15、ouse genes to help model disease, the NIH gatekeepers thought he was over the line, “Not 30 of pursuit,“ they said of his grant proposals. Happily Capecchi ignored them. Now he triumphed in spite of his ordeals.(分数:30.00)In his 1988 best seller A Brief history of Time, Stephen Hawking made readers w
16、onder: if the universe is expanding, where is it expanding to? Now Hawking has teamed up his daughter, Lucy 1 Hawking, to write George“s Secret Key to the Universe, the first in a trilogy of novels directed at the fertile minds of children. In an interview on e-mail, Hawking explains: 2 “The aim of
17、the book is to encourage children“s sense of wonder at the universe. We want them to look up outward. 3 Only then will they be able to make the right decisions to safeguard the future of the human race.“ George“s Secret Key to the Universe , aimed 9-to 11-year-olds, 4 tells the story of a young boy,
18、 George, and a cheery astrophysicist, Eric, who talking computer opens a portal to the known 5 universe. The duo don spacesuits and use the portal to search for planets to which humanity can escape the irreversible 6 warming of the earth. Along the way, George and the reader learn from the basics of
19、 astrophysics and astronomy through 7 illustrations and captioned photographs. “You don“t need actual secret key to explore the universe,“ George ultimately 8 discovers. “There“s one that everyone can use. It“s called physics.“ The Hawkings portray the universe as harmony and 9 largely benign. But o
20、ur present know ledge of the universe suggests that it is, in fact, a desolate and often violent expanse place in 10 which humankind plays an inconsequential role.(分数:20.00)四、Passage One(总题数:1,分数:9.00)This dictionary is for people who want to use modern English. It offers accurate and detailed infor
21、mation on the way modern English is used in all kinds of communication. It is a useful guide to writing and speaking English as well as an aid to reading and understanding. This dictionary looks rather like most others if you don“t look too closely. Actually it is quite new and different. The techni
22、ques used to compile it are new and use advanced computer technology. For the user, the kind of information is different, the quality of information is different, and the presentation of the information is different. For the first time, a dictionary has been compiled by the thorough examination of a
23、 representative group of English text, spoken and written, running to many millions of words. This means that in addition to all the tools of the conventional dictionary makerswide reading and experience of English, other dictionaries and of course eyes and earsthis dictionary is based on hard, meas
24、urable evidence. No major uses are missed, and the number of times a use occurs has a strong influence on the way the entries are organized. Equally, the large group of texts, called the corpus, gives us reasonable grounds for omitting many uses and word-forms that do not occur in it. It is difficul
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