【考研类试卷】考研英语(阅读)-试卷84及答案解析.doc
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1、考研英语(阅读)-试卷 84 及答案解析(总分:70.00,做题时间:90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数:7,分数:70.00)1.Section II Reading Comprehension(分数:10.00)_2.Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D.(分数:10.00)_Those days are long gone when placing a telephone ca
2、ll meant simply picking up the receiver and asking the operator to patch you through. Modem cell phones require users to navigate a series of menus to find numbers, place calls or check messages. Even the most tech-savvy may take weeks to discover some of the more mysterious multimedia functions. Im
3、agine the difficulty forsomeone unable to read. That is the challenge for mobile communications companies aiming to branch out into developing countries. The prospects seen from the last decade are alluring: only about one third of China“s vast population and about one tenth of India“s use cell phon
4、es. But selling to poor rural areas is not likely to happen with a marketing version of “plug and play.“ Most potential buyers have little exposure to anything other than simple electronics. Reading through a series of hierarchical menus and pushing buttons for multiple purposes would be new concept
5、s for such customers. To come up with a suitable device, Motorola relied on a team of anthropologists, psychologists and designers to study how textually illiterate villagers use their aging televisions, tape players and phones. The researchers noticed that their subjects would learn each button“s d
6、edicated function With something more complicated, such as an automated teller machine, users would memorize a set of behaviors in order, which allowed them to move through the machine“s basic hierarchy without having to read the menu.The research, which lasted three years, led Motorola to craft a c
7、ellular phone slimmed down to three essential activities: calling, managing numbers and simple text messaging. “A lot of the functions in a cell phone are not useful to anyone,“ points out Gabriel White, who headed the interactive design team.The icon-based interface also required thought. Not all c
8、ell phone companies believe that a design for nonliterate users should start from scratch. Nokia“s behavioral researchers noticed that “newbies“ rely on friends and relatives to help them with basic functions. Rather than confronting the challenge of a completely new interface, Nokia chose to provid
9、e some audio menus in its popular 1100 model and a preview mode so that people could try out functions without the risk of changing anything important. Mobile phones may even become tools for literacy, predicts BJ Fogg, who studies computer-human interaction at Stanford University. Phones might teac
10、h the alphabet or tell a story as users read along. “Imagine if it eventually could understand your weak points and drill you on those,“ Fogg proposes. And soon enough, he declares, designs or illiterate users will lead to more straightforward, elegant phones for everyone.(分数:10.00)(1).The differenc
11、e between modern cell phones and old phones lies in that(分数:2.00)A.it requires more intelligence and education to use modern cell phones.B.it takes more weeks to get familiar with modern cell phones.C.modem cell phones are more complicated with many functions.D.modern cell phones are more mysterious
12、 tools for people.(2).The sales of mobile phones to poor rural areas may be impossible probably because most potential buyers(分数:2.00)A.have difficulty with menus of multiple purposes.B.cannot accept new concepts of mobile phones.C.only read menus and push buttons of simple electronics.D.do not like
13、 the marketing strategy of “plug and play“.(3).The researches held by Motorola showed that the textually illiterate villagers(分数:2.00)A.were willing to use old machines with little functions.B.had to take some lessons to learn the new functions.C.could remember the major function of each button.D.wo
14、uld avoid reading the hierarchy menus of the machine.(4).The slang term of “newbies“ (Line 2, Paragraph 5) most probably means(分数:2.00)A.new students.B.newcomers.C.newborns.D.new webs.(5).Fogg believes that the future mobile phones could not(分数:2.00)A.teach illiterates to learn alphabets.B.understan
15、d the user“s ideas and points.C.help users exercise their languages.D.become more direct and elegant.When it came to moral “reasoning,“ we like to think our views on right and wrong are rational, but ultimately they are grounded in emotion. Philosophers have argued over this claim for a quarter of a
16、 millennium without resolution. Time“s up! Now scientists armed with brain scanners are stepping in to settle the matter. Though reason can shape moral judgment, emotion is often decisive. Harvard psychologist Joshua Greene does brain scans of people as they ponder the so-called trolley problem. Sup
17、pose a trolley is rolling down the track toward five people who will die unless you pull a lever that diverts it onto another trackwhere, unfortunately, lies one person who will die instead. An easy call, most people say: minimizing the loss of lifea “utilitarian“ goal, as philosophers put itis the
18、right thing to do. But suppose the only way to save the five people is to push someone else onto the tracka bystander whose body will bring the trolley to a halt before it hits the others. It“s still a one-for-five swap, and you still initiate the action that dooms the onebut now you are more direct
19、ly involved; most peoplesay it would be wrong to do this deal.Why? According toGreene“s brain scans,the second scenario more thoroughly excites parts of the brain linked to emotion than does the lever-pulling scenario. Apparently the intuitive aversion to giving someone a deadly push is stronger tha
20、n the aversion to a deadly lever pull. Further studies suggest that in both cases the emotional aversion competes for control with more rational parts of the brain. In the second scenario the emotions are usually strong enough to win. And when they lose, it is only after a tough wrestling match. The
21、 few people who approve of pushing an innocent man onto the tracks take longer to reach their decision. So too with people who approve of smothering a crying baby rather than catching the attention of enemy troops who would then kill the baby along with other innocents. Princeton philosopher Peter S
22、inger argues that we should re-examine our moral intuitions and ask whether that logic merits respect in the first place. Why obey moral impulses that evolved to serve the “selfish gene“such as sympathy that moves toward kin and friends? Why not worry more about people an ocean away whose suffering
23、we could cheaply alleviate? Isn“t it better to save 10 starving African babies than to keep your 90-year-old father on life support? Singer“s radically utilitarian brand of moral philosophy has its work cut out for it. In the absence of arduous cranial wrestling matches, reason may indeed be “slave
24、of the passions.“(分数:10.00)(1).From the first two paragraphs, we can learn that(分数:2.00)A.moral “reasoning“ is actually based on reason, not on emotion.B.philosophers have resolved the dilemma between reason and emotion.C.emotion plays a more important role than reason in moral judgment.D.most philo
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