【考研类试卷】考研英语（翻译）历年真题试卷汇编4及答案解析.doc

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1、考研英语（翻译）历年真题试卷汇编 4 及答案解析(总分：70.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：7，分数：70.00)1.Section II Reading Comprehension（分数：10.00）_2.Part CDirections: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese.（分数：10.00）_花园怎样反映人类的基本诉求 2013 年英译汉及详解 It is speculated that ga

2、rdens arise from a basic need in the individuals who made them: the need for creative expression. There is no doubt that gardens evidence an impossible urge to create, express, fashion, and beautify and that self-expression is a basic human urge;【F1】 Yet when one looks at the photographs of the gard

3、ens created by the homeless, it strikes one that, for all their diversity of styles, these gardens speak of various other fundamental urges, beyond that of decoration and creative expression. One of these urges had to do with creating a state of peace in the midst of turbulence, a “still point of th

4、e turning world,“ to borrow a phrase from T. S. Eliot.【F2】 A sacred place of peace, however crude it may be, is a distinctly human need, as opposed to shelter, which is a distinctly animal need. This distinction is so much so that where the latter is lacking, as it is for these unlikely gardens, the

5、 former becomes all the more urgent. Composure is a state of mind made possible by the structuring of one“s relation to one“s environment.【F3】 The gardens of the homeless which are in effect homeless gardens introduce form into an urban environment where it either didn“ t exist or was not discernibl

6、e as such. In so doing they give composure to a segment of the inarticulate environment in which they take their stand. Another urge or need that these gardens appear to respond to, or to arise from is so intrinsic that we are barely ever conscious of its abiding claims on us. When we are deprived o

7、f green, of plants, of trees,【F4】 most of us give into a demoralization of spirit which we usually blame on some psychological conditions, until one day we find ourselves in garden and feel the expression vanish as if by magic. In most of the homeless gardens of New York City the actual cultivation

8、of plants is unfeasible, yet even so the compositions often seem to represent attempts to call arrangement of materials, an introduction of colors, small pool of water, and a frequent presence of petals or leaves as well as of stuffed animals. On display here are various fantasy elements whose refer

9、ence, at some basic level, seems to be the natural world.【F5】 It is this implicit or explicit reference to nature that fully justifies the use of word “garden“ though in a“liberated“ sense, to describe these synthetic constructions. In them we can see biophiliaa yearning for contact with nonhuman li

10、feassuming uncanny representational forms.（分数：10.00）(1).【F1】（分数：2.00）_(2).【F2】（分数：2.00）_(3).【F3】（分数：2.00）_(4).【F4】（分数：2.00）_(5).【F5】（分数：2.00）_基于经济利己主义的环保制度不可取 2010 年英译汉及详解 One basic weakness in a conservation system based wholly on economic motives is that most members of the land community have no

11、economic value. Yet these creatures are members of the biotic community, and if its stability depends on its integrity, they are entitled to continuance. When one of these non-economic categories is threatened and, if we happen to love it. We invert excuses to give it economic importance. At the beg

12、inning of century songbirds were supposed to be disappearing.【F1】 Scientists jumped to the rescue with some distinctly shaky evidence to the effect that insects would eat us up if birds failed to control them. The evidence had to be economic in order to be valid. It is painful to read these roundabo

13、ut accounts today. We have no land ethic yet,【F2】 but we have at least drawn near the point of admitting that birds should continue as a matter of intrinsic right, regardless of the presence or absence of economic advantage to us. A parallel situation exists in respect of predatory mammals and fish-

14、eating birds.【F3】 Time was when biologists somewhat overworked the evidence that these creatures preserve the health of game by killing the physically weak, or that they prey only on “worthless“ species. Here again, the evidence had to be economic in order to be valid. It is only in recent years tha

15、t we here the more honest argument that predators are members of the community, and that no special interest has the right to exterminate them for the sake of benefit, real or fancied, to itself. Some species of tree have been “read out of the party“ by economics-minded foresters because they grow t

16、oo slowly, or have too low a sale value to pay as timber crops.【F4】 In Europe, where forestry is ecologically more advanced, the non-commercial tree species are recognized as members of native forest community, to be preserved as such, within reason. Moreover some have been found to have a valuable

17、function in building up soil fertility. The interdependence of the forest and its constituent tree species, ground flora, and fauna is taken for granted. To sum up: a system of conservation based solely on economic self-interest is hopelessly lopsided.【F5】 It tends to ignore, and thus eventually to

18、eliminate, many elements in the land community that lack commercial value, but that are essential to its healthy functioning. It assumes, falsely, I think, that the economic parts of the biotic clock will function without the uneconomic parts.（分数：10.00）(1).【F1】（分数：2.00）_(2).【F2】（分数：2.00）_(3).【F3】（分数

19、：2.00）_(4).【F4】（分数：2.00）_(5).【F5】（分数：2.00）_法律教育对于新闻报道事业的意义 2007 年英译汉及详解 The study of law has been recognized for centuries as a basic intellectual discipline in European universities. However, only in recent years has it become a feature of undergraduate programs in Canadian universities.【F1】 Tradit

20、ionally, legal learning has been viewed in such institutions as the special preserve of lawyers, rather than a necessary part of the intellectual equipment of an educated person. Happily, the older and more continental view of legal education is establishing itself in a number of Canadian universiti

21、es and some have even begun to offer undergraduate degrees in law. If the study of law is beginning to establish itself as part and parcel of a general education, its aims and methods should appeal directly to journalism educators. Law is a discipline which encourages responsible judgment. On the on

22、e hand, it provides opportunities to analyze such ideas as justice, democracy and freedom.【F2】 On the other, it links these concepts to everyday realities in a manner which is parallel to the links journalists forge on a daily basis as they cover and comment on the news. For example, notions of evid

23、ence and fact, of basic rights and public interest are at work in the process of journalistic judgment and production just as in courts of law. Sharpening judgment by absorbing and reflecting on law is a desirable component of a journalist“ s intellectual preparation for his or her career. 【F3】 But

24、the idea that the journalist must understand the law more profoundly than an ordinary citizen rests on an understanding of the established conventions and special responsibilities of the news media. Politics or, more broadly, the functioning of the state, is a major subject for journalists. The bett

25、er informed they are about the way the state works, the better their reporting will be.【F4】 In fact, it is difficult to see how journalists who do not have a clear grasp of the basic features of the Canadian Constitution can do a competent job on political stories. Furthermore, the legal system and

26、the events which occur within it are primary subjects for journalists. While the quality of legal journalism varies greatly, there is an undue reliance amongst many journal ists on interpretations supplied to them by lawyers.【F5】 While comment and reaction from lawyers may enhance stories, it is pre

27、ferable for journalists to rely on their own notions of significance and make their own judgments. These can only come from a well-grounded understanding of the legal system.（分数：10.00）(1).【F1】（分数：2.00）_(2).【F2】（分数：2.00）_(3).【F3】（分数：2.00）_(4).【F4】（分数：2.00）_(5).【F5】（分数：2.00）_欧洲的电视媒体 2005 年英译汉及详解 It is

28、 not easy to talk about the role of the mass media in this overwhelmingly significant phase in European history. History and news become confused, and one“s impressions tend to be a mixture of skepticism and optimism.【F1】 Television is one of the means by which these feelings are created and conveye

29、dand perhaps never before has it served so much to connect different peoples and nations as in the recent events in Europe. The Europe that is now forming cannot be anything other than its peoples, their cultures and national identities. With this in mind we can begin to analyze the European televis

30、ion scene.【F2】 In Europe, as elsewhere, multi-media groups have been increasingly successful: groups which bring together television, radio, newspapers, magazines and publishing houses that work in relation to one another. One Italian example would be the Berlusconi group, while abroad Maxwell and M

31、urdoch come to mind. Clearly, only the biggest and most flexible television companies are going to be able to compete in such a rich and hotly-contested market.【F3】 This alone demonstrates that the television business is not an easy world to survive in, a fact underlined by statistics that show that

32、 out of eighty European television networks, no less than 50% took a loss in 1989. Moreover, the integration of the European community will oblige television companies to cooperate more closely in terms of both production and distribution. 【F4】 Creating a “European identity“ that respects the differ

33、ent cultures and traditions which go to make up the connecting fabric of the Old Continent is no easy task and demands a strategic choice that of producing programs in Europe for Europe. This entails reducing our dependence on the North American market, whose programs relate to experiences and cultu

34、ral traditions which are different from our own. In order to achieve these objectives, we must concentrate more on co-productions, the exchange of news, documentary services and training. This also involves the agreements between European countries for the creation of a European bank for Television

35、Production which, on the model of the European Investments Bank, will handle the finances necessary for production costs.【F5】 In dealing with a challenge on such a scale, it is no exaggeration to say “United we stand, divided we fall“ and if I had to choose a slogan it would be “Unity in our diversi

36、ty“. A unity of objectives that nonetheless respect the varied peculiarities of each country.（分数：10.00）(1).【F1】（分数：2.00）_(2).【F2】（分数：2.00）_(3).【F3】（分数：2.00）_(4).【F4】（分数：2.00）_(5).【F5】（分数：2.00）_现代政府依赖专家人才 2000 年英译汉及详解 Governments throughout the world act on the assumption that the welfare of their pe

37、ople depends largely on the economic strength and wealth of the community.【F1】 Under modern conditions, this requires varying measures of centralized control and hence the help of specialized scientists such as economists and operational research experts. 【F2】 Furthermore, it is obvious that the str

38、ength of a country“s economy is directly bound up with the efficiency of its agriculture and industry, and that this in turn rests upon the efforts of scientists and technologists of all kinds. It also means that governments are increasingly compelled to interfere in these sectors in order to step u

39、p production and ensure that it is utilized to the best advantage. For example, they may encourage research in various ways, including the setting up of their own research centers; they may alter the structure of education, or interfere in order to reduce the wastage of natural resources or tap reso

40、urces hitherto unexploited; or they may cooperate directly in the growing number of international projects related to science, economics and industry. In any case, all such interventions are heavily dependent on scientific advice and also scientific and technological manpower of all kinds. 【F3】 Owin

41、g to the remarkable development in mass-communications, people everywhere are feeling new wants and are being exposed to new customs and ideas, while governments are often forced to introduce still further innovations for the reasons given above. At the same time, the normal rate of social change th

42、roughout the world is taking place at a vastly accelerated speed compared with the past. For example,【F4】 in the early industrialized countries of Europe the process of industrializationwith all the far-reaching changes in social patterns that followedwas spread over nearly a century, whereas nowada

43、ys a developing nation may undergo the same process in a decade or so. All this has the effect of building up unusual pressures and tensions within the community and consequently presents serious problems for the governments concerned.【F5】 Additional social stresses may also occur because of the population explosion or problems arising from mass migration movementsthemselves made relatively easy nowadays by modern means