【考研类试卷】考研英语知识运用分类精讲科学技术类-(五)及答案解析.doc

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1、考研英语知识运用分类精讲科学技术类-(五)及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：2，分数：100.00)It is difficult to imagine what life would be like without memory. The meanings of thousands of everyday perceptions, the bases (1) the decisions we make, and the roots of our habits and skills are to be (2) in our

2、past experiences, which are brought into the present (3) memory.Memory can be defined as the capacity to keep (4) available for later use. It includes not only “ (5) “ things like arithmetic or historical facts, but also any (6) in the way an animal typically behaves. Memory is (7) when a rat gives

3、up eating grain because he has sniffed something (8) in the grain pile. Memory is also involved when a six-year-old child (9) to swing a baseball bat.Memory (10) not only in humans and animals but also in some physical objects and machines. Computers, for example, contain (11) for storing data for l

4、ater use. It is interesting to compare the memory-storage (12) of a computer (13) that of a human being. The instant-access memory of a large computer may hold up to 100, 000 “words“ready for (14) use. An average American teenager probably (15) the meanings of about 100, 000 words of English. (16) ,

5、 this is but a fraction of the total (17) of information which the teenager has stored. Consider, for example, the (18) of facts and places that the teenager can recognize on sight. The use of (19) is the basis of the advanced problem-solving intelligence of human beings. A large part of a persons m

6、emory is in terms of words and (20) of words.（分数：50.00）(1).A. of B. to C. for D. on（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(2).A. kept B. found C. sought D. stored（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(3).A. by B. from C. with D. in（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(4).A. experiences B. bases C. observations D. information（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(5).A. revealing B.

7、remembering C. reminding D. recalling（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(6).A. difference B. signal C. performance D. change（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(7).A. called B. taken C. involved D. included（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(8).A. terrible B. different C. suspicious D. interesting（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(9).A. begins B. hopes C. wants D. learn

8、s（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(10).A. exists B. appears C. affects D. seems（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(11).A. devices B. parts C. spaces D. functions（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(12).A. capacity B. power C. function D. capability（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(13).A. to B. with C. against D. for（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(14).A. progressive B. instructive

9、C. instant D. protective（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(15).A. learns B. recognizes C. understands D. perceives（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(16).A. However B. Meanwhile C. Therefore D. Furthermore（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(17).A. deal B. sum C. mount D. amount（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(18).A. number B. sign C. figures D. mark（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.

10、(19).A. letters B. words C. language D. knowledge（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(20).A. combinations B. corrections C. coordinations D. collections（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.The idea that people might be chosen or rejected for jobs on the basis of their genes disturbs many. Such (1) may, however, be a step (2) , thanks to

11、work just published in Current Biology by Derk-Jan Dijk and his colleagues at the University of Surrey, in England. Dr. Dijk studies the biology of time-keepingin particular of the part of the internal body-clock that (3) people to sleep and wakes them up. One of the genes involved in (4) this clock

12、 is known as PER3 and (5) in two forms. Dr. Dijks work (6) that one of these forms is more conducive to night-shift work than the other.The two forms of PER3 (7) into two slightly different proteins, one of which is longer than the other. (8) work by this group showed that people with two short vers

13、ions of the gene are more likely to be “owls“, (9) to get up late and go to bed late. “Larks“ (10) , early risers, have two long versions. Pursuing this (11) of enquiry, Dr. Dijk and his team have been studying how such people (12) to sleep deprivation. Two dozen volunteers, some genetic owls and so

14、me genetic larks, were forced to stay awake for two days. The genetic larks reacted to this worse than the owls did. (13) , larks given memory tests and puzzles to (14) between the hours of four and eight in the morning turned (15) far worse performances than did owls.What (16) that may have for emp

15、loyers is not fully clear. Nevertheless, it is intriguing. There may (17) come a time when employers (18) night shifts will want a blood sample from (19) employees (20) to protect themselves against negligence suits should someone have an accident.（分数：50.00）(1).A. disposition B. distraction C. discr

16、imination D. discrepancy（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(2).A. ahead B. closer C. farther D. backward（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(3).A. helps B. allows C. causes D. sends（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(4).A. regulating B. reforming C. requesting D. reviewing（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(5).A. falls B. lies C. comes D. consists（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(6).A.

17、suggests B. advises C. objects D. ensures（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(7).A. separate B. translate C. freight D. integrate（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(8).A. Subsequent B. Latest C. Present D. Previous（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(9).A. hoping B. resolving C. intending D. preferring（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(10).A. to be specific B. so to spea

18、k C. in other words D. put simply（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(11).A. run B. line C. chain D. train（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(12).A. manage B. yield C. respond D. adapt（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(13).A. In short B. In particular C. In any event D. On the contrary（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(14).A. solve B. answer C. work D. settle（分数：2.50）A

19、.B.C.D.(15).A. up B. on C. in D. over（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(16).A. preferences B. inferences C. requirements D. implications（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(17).A. ever B. just C. also D. yet（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(18).A. running B. working C. operating D. raising（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(19).A. successive B. prospective C. conserat

20、ive D. tentative（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(20).A. in case B. that is C. if only D. or else（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.考研英语知识运用分类精讲科学技术类-(五)答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：2，分数：100.00)It is difficult to imagine what life would be like without memory. The meanings of thousands of everyday perceptions,

21、the bases (1) the decisions we make, and the roots of our habits and skills are to be (2) in our past experiences, which are brought into the present (3) memory.Memory can be defined as the capacity to keep (4) available for later use. It includes not only “ (5) “ things like arithmetic or historica

22、l facts, but also any (6) in the way an animal typically behaves. Memory is (7) when a rat gives up eating grain because he has sniffed something (8) in the grain pile. Memory is also involved when a six-year-old child (9) to swing a baseball bat.Memory (10) not only in humans and animals but also i

23、n some physical objects and machines. Computers, for example, contain (11) for storing data for later use. It is interesting to compare the memory-storage (12) of a computer (13) that of a human being. The instant-access memory of a large computer may hold up to 100, 000 “words“ready for (14) use. A

24、n average American teenager probably (15) the meanings of about 100, 000 words of English. (16) , this is but a fraction of the total (17) of information which the teenager has stored. Consider, for example, the (18) of facts and places that the teenager can recognize on sight. The use of (19) is th

25、e basis of the advanced problem-solving intelligence of human beings. A large part of a persons memory is in terms of words and (20) of words.（分数：50.00）(1).A. of B. to C. for D. on（分数：2.50）A. B.C.D.解析：解析 考查介词辨析。根据上下文的 The meanings of thousands of everyday perceptions和the roots of our habits and skil

26、ls可推知，此处应该用 of，故 A项为正确答案。(2).A. kept B. found C. sought D. stored（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D. 解析：解析 考查动词辨析。keep 意为“保留，保存”，find 意为“发现”，seek 意为“寻找”，store意为“存储，储藏”。根据句意：“日常感觉的上千种含义，我们做决定的基础，和我们的习惯及技能的根源，都是被_在我们过去的经历中，也是由记忆带到现实中来的”。最合适的 Dstored。(3).A. by B. from C. with D. in（分数：2.50）A. B.C.D.解析：解析 考查语法知识。此句是被动语态，

27、by 引出施动者，故 Aby 为正确答案。(4).A. experiences B. bases C. observations D. information（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D. 解析：解析 考查名词辨析。此句是对记忆的定义，即：“记忆可以被定义为保留以备以后使用的能力”。根据上下文，显然记忆是保留信息以备后用的能力。所以正确答案是 Dinformation。(5).A. revealing B. remembering C. reminding D. recalling（分数：2.50）A.B. C.D.解析：解析 考查形容词辨析。reveal 意为“展现，显示”，rememb

28、er 意为“记住”，remind 意为“提醒，使想起”，recall 意为“回忆，记起”。根据上下文，可确定 Bremember 为正确答案。相关部分的意思是：“记忆不仅包括记住诸如数学或历史事实这些东西，。”(6).A. difference B. signal C. performance D. change（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D. 解析：解析 考查名词辨析。根据下文老鼠的反应可推知 Dchange 为正确答案。句意是：“记忆不仅包括记住诸如数学或历史事实这些东西，而且包括任何变化，在这一点上是和动物的典型行为相似的”。(7).A. called B. taken C. invo

29、lved D. included（分数：2.50）A.B.C. D.解析：解析 考查动词辨析。空格句与接下来的句子是平行结构，所以根据下文提示 Memory is also involved when.，可确定 Cinvolved 为正确答案。(8).A. terrible B. different C. suspicious D. interesting（分数：2.50）A.B.C. D.解析：解析 考查形容词辨析。相关部分的意思是：“老鼠停止吃谷子是因为它嗅到谷堆里有的东西”。比较四个选项，最符合上下文意思的是 Csuspicious“可疑的”。(9).A. begins B. hopes

30、 C. wants D. learns（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D. 解析：解析 考查动词辨析。空格句为时间状语从句，讲述在何时与记忆有关。我们在第二段开头已知道记忆的定义，begin，hope，want 都暗示动作尚未完成或开始，所以与记忆无关。最合适的选项是Dlearns。句意是：“一个 6岁的孩子学会挥动网球拍，这也是因为记忆”。(10).A. exists B. appears C. affects D. seems（分数：2.50）A. B.C.D.解析：解析 考查动词辨析。appear 和 seem通常都作系动词，意为“看起来，看上去”，后面常跟 to be.结构、that 从

31、句或形容词，填入句中，与句子语法结构与句意不符；affect 为及物动词，后面直接跟宾语，所以也不正确；Aexist 意为“存在”，为不及物动词，是正确答案。(11).A. devices B. parts C. spaces D. functions（分数：2.50）A. B.C.D.解析：解析 考查名词辨析。此句意为“电脑中用来储存数据资料的”，因此选择 Adevice“部件”。句意是：比如，电脑中就有存储数据资料以备后用的部件。(12).A. capacity B. power C. function D. capability（分数：2.50）A. B.C.D.解析：解析 考查名词辨析

32、。句意是：“比较电脑的内存容量和人类的记忆力是件有趣的事”。这里memory-storage是关键词，它表示“记忆力；内存”，所以 memory-storage后面的名词既可是人，也可是物。此外，从下文的“电脑”可知，power 和 function与句意不符，故排除；capacity 意为“容纳某事物的能力”：capability 意为“做某事的素质或能力”。Acapacity 符合句意。(13).A. to B. with C. against D. for（分数：2.50）A.B. C.D.解析：解析 考查介词辨析。四个选项可以和 compare搭配的只有 Ato 和 Bwith。to

33、compare A to B意为“把 A比作 B”；to compare with 意为“与相比”。根据句意，Bwith 为正确答案。(14).A. progressive B. instructive C. instant D. protective（分数：2.50）A.B.C. D.解析：解析 考查形容词辨析。progressive 意为“前进的，进步的”；instructive 意为“有益的，教育性的”；instant 意为“立即的，直接的”；protective 意为“保护的”。破折号后的内容通是对其前面内容的解释或说明，根据前面的 instant-access memory可推断 C

34、项符合句意。(15).A. learns B. recognizes C. understands D. perceives（分数：2.50）A.B. C.D.解析：解析 考查动词辨析。learn 意为“学会，学习”；recognize 意为“认出，认得，识别(某事物)”；understand 意为“理解”；perceive 意为“察觉，理解”。根据上下文，Brecognizes 符合句意，句意是：“一个普通的美国少年认识的英语单词大约是十万个”。(16).A. However B. Meanwhile C. Therefore D. Furthermore（分数：2.50）A. B.C.D.

35、解析：解析 考查逻辑关系。相关部分的意思是：这只是那个少年储存的信息总量的一部分。与上句的逻辑关系显然是转折。因此只有 AHowever 为正确答案。(17).A. deal B. sum C. mount D. amount（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D. 解析：解析 考查固定搭配。四个选项中能和 total搭配的只有 Bsum 和 Damount。而 Bsum 通常用来指金钱的数额，而此句指总信息量，所以，正确答案是 Damount。(18).A. number B. sign C. figures D. mark（分数：2.50）A. B.C.D.解析：解析 考查名词辨析。Anumbe

36、r 意为“数目，数量”；Bsign 意为“标记，记号，迹象”；Cfigure 意为“外形，轮廓；数字”；Dmark 意为“标志；分数；痕迹”。根据上下文可推知，本句应该指“事件和地点的数目和数量”，所以正确答案是 Anumber。(19).A. letters B. words C. language D. knowledge（分数：2.50）A.B. C.D.解析：解析 考查语义理解。根据下文，符合句意的选项显然是 Bwords。(20).A. combinations B. corrections C. coordinations D. collections（分数：2.50）A.B.C.

37、 D.解析：解析 考查名词辨析。combination 意为“联合，结合”，correction 意为“改正，修改”，coordination意为“协调，协同动作”，collection 意为“收藏”。Ccoordinations 符合文意，为正确答案。The idea that people might be chosen or rejected for jobs on the basis of their genes disturbs many. Such (1) may, however, be a step (2) , thanks to work just published in

38、Current Biology by Derk-Jan Dijk and his colleagues at the University of Surrey, in England. Dr. Dijk studies the biology of time-keepingin particular of the part of the internal body-clock that (3) people to sleep and wakes them up. One of the genes involved in (4) this clock is known as PER3 and (

39、5) in two forms. Dr. Dijks work (6) that one of these forms is more conducive to night-shift work than the other.The two forms of PER3 (7) into two slightly different proteins, one of which is longer than the other. (8) work by this group showed that people with two short versions of the gene are mo

40、re likely to be “owls“, (9) to get up late and go to bed late. “Larks“ (10) , early risers, have two long versions. Pursuing this (11) of enquiry, Dr. Dijk and his team have been studying how such people (12) to sleep deprivation. Two dozen volunteers, some genetic owls and some genetic larks, were

41、forced to stay awake for two days. The genetic larks reacted to this worse than the owls did. (13) , larks given memory tests and puzzles to (14) between the hours of four and eight in the morning turned (15) far worse performances than did owls.What (16) that may have for employers is not fully cle

42、ar. Nevertheless, it is intriguing. There may (17) come a time when employers (18) night shifts will want a blood sample from (19) employees (20) to protect themselves against negligence suits should someone have an accident.（分数：50.00）(1).A. disposition B. distraction C. discrimination D. discrepanc

43、y（分数：2.50）A.B.C. D.解析：解析 考查上下文语义及名词辨析。文章首句指出：能否得到一份工作可能取决于基因，这一观点让很多人感到不安。Such 修饰空格处名词，指代首句提到的内容。“基因决定某人能否得到工作”就是对拥有某些基因的人群的“歧视”，因此正确答案为 Cdiscrimination“歧视”。disposition 意为“性情，性格；倾向，意向”，distraction 意为“分散注意力的事，娱乐”；discrepancy 意为“差异，出入”，均不符合题意。(2).A. ahead B. closer C. farther D. backward（分数：2.50）A.B.

44、C.D.解析：解析 考查习惯搭配。空格处所在句意为：但是几位研究者公布的研究结果显示，这种歧视可能_。根据下文可知，研究证明基因对人的工作效率产生影响，从而说明“基因决定某人能否得到工作”这一歧视可能有理可循。Bcloser。“更接近的”，代入文中，指“这种歧视却可能更接近(事实)一步”，符合文意，为正确答案。a step ahead 意为“领先一步”；a step farther 意为“更远一步”：a step backward意为“后退一步”，三项均不符合文意。(3).A. helps B. allows C. causes D. sends（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D. 解析：解析

45、考查动词辨析。根据语境可知，空格处所在定语从句是用来说明人身体内部生物钟的作用：_人们睡觉或醒来。Dsends 可表示“使表现出(某种行为)，做出(某种反应)”，符合语境，为正确答案。help“帮助”，allow“允许”，cause“引起”，均不能准确解释生物钟与睡眠的关系。(4).A. regulating B. reforming C. requesting D. reviewing（分数：2.50）A. B.C.D.解析：解析 考查动词辨析。空格处所在句意为：其中一种参与_生物钟的基因。Aregulating“控制，调节”，代入文中，表示“基因调控生物钟”，符合文意。reform“改革，

46、革新”，request“请求，要求”，review“复查，复习，评论”，均不符合题意。(5).A. falls B. lies C. comes D. consists（分数：2.50）A.B.C. D.解析：解析 考查动词辨析。空格处动词与 in two forms搭配，说明基因 PER3有两种形态。come 可以表示“(物体)有(某种形状、尺寸、款式等)”，常与 in连用，符合文意。fall 一般不与 in搭配，而与into搭配，意为“分成，进入”；lie in 意为“存在，在于”；consist in 意为“在于”，不符合文意，这三项均可排除。故正确答案为 Ccomes。(6).A. s

47、uggests B. advises C. objects D. ensures（分数：2.50）A. B.C.D.解析：解析 考查动词辨析。空格处所在句意为：研究者的研究_其中一种形态更有助于夜班工作。suggest可表示“显示，表明(某种观点)”，代入文中，表示“研究表明”，符合文意。advise“建议”，object“反对”，ensure“保证，确保”，均不符合题意。(7).A. separate B. translate C. freight D. integrate（分数：2.50）A.B. C.D.解析：解析 考查科学常识及动词辨析。空格处所在句意为：基因 PER3的两种形态_成为

48、长短不同的两种蛋白质。Btranslate 与 into搭配意为“转变，变成”，代入文中，表示“基因的两种形态转变成蛋白质”，符合文意。separate 与 into搭配表示“分成(若干部分)”，freight“运送”，不与 into搭配；integrate 与 into搭配，表示“融入到中去，使成一体”，根据科学常识可知，基因不会“分成(separate)”蛋白质，也不会被“融入到(integrate)”蛋白质中。故答案为 Btranslate。(8).A. Subsequent B. Latest C. Present D. Previous（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D. 解析：解析

49、考查逻辑关系。空格处表示“该研究小组_的研究”。由文章可知，该研究的结果是：拥有两种都可转化为较短蛋白质基因的人更有可能成为“夜猫子”，而“百灵鸟”类型的人则有两种都可转化为较长蛋白质的基因。前文提到的一项研究结果为“其中一种形态比另一种对夜班工作更有益”。由此可以推知，前文的研究是在本处提到的研究的基础上得来的，因此本句的研究应该发生在前。因此正确答案为 DPrevious“先前的，以往的”。Subsequent“随后的”，Latest“最近的，最新的”，Present“现存的，当前的”，均不符合文意。(9).A. hoping B. resolving C. intending D. preferring（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D. 解析：解析 考查上下文语义。空格处所在句意为：夜猫子_晚睡晚起。根据文义可知，“夜猫子”应该是“更喜欢(prefer)”晚睡晚起的生活方式，而非“希望(hope)”、“决心