【考研类试卷】考研英语一（完形填空）模拟试卷4及答案解析.doc

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1、考研英语一（完形填空）模拟试卷 4 及答案解析(总分：120.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Use of English(总题数：3，分数：120.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.（分数：40.00）_Do people get happier or more foul-tempered as they age? Stereotypes of irrita

2、ble neighbors【B1】_, scientists have been trying to answer this question for decades, and the results have been 【B2】_. Now a study of several thousand Americans born between 1885 and 1980 reveals that well-being 【B3】_ increases with age but overall happiness【B4】_when a person was born. 【B5】_studies t

3、hat have【B6】_older adults with the middle-aged and young have sometimes found that older adults are not as happy. But these studies could not【B7】_whether their 【B8】_ was because of their age or be cause of their 【B9】_ life experience. The new study, published online January 24 in Psychological Scien

4、ce,【B10】_out the answer by examining 30 years of data on thousands of Americans, including【B11】_measures of mood and well-being, reports of job and relationship success, and objective measures of health. The researchers found, after controlling for variables【B12】_health, wealth, gender, ethnicity an

5、d education, that well-being increases over everyones lifetime.【B13】_people who have lived through extreme hardship, such as the Great Depression,【B14】_much less happy than those who have had more【B15】_lives. This finding helps to【B16】_why past studies have found conflicting resultsexperi-ence【B17】_

6、, and tough times can【B18】_an entire generations happiness for the rest of their lives. The【B19】_news is,【B20】_weve lived through, we can all look forward to feeling more content as we age.（分数：40.00）(1).【B1】（分数：2.00）A.asideB.besidesC.alikeD.likely(2).【B2】（分数：2.00）A.worryingB.revealingC.appealingD.co

7、nflicting(3).【B3】（分数：2.00）A.neverthelessB.henceC.indeedD.accordingly(4).【B4】（分数：2.00）A.resides withB.rests withC.depends onD.reckons on(5).【B5】（分数：2.00）A.PrecedingB.LaterC.FollowingD.Previous(6).【B6】（分数：2.00）A.relatedB.comparedC.matchedD.associated(7).【B7】（分数：2.00）A.detectB.discoverC.deriveD.discern

8、(8).【B8】（分数：2.00）A.unwillingnessB.insecurityC.discontentD.incompetence(9).【B9】（分数：2.00）A.abundantB.commonC.differentD.limited(10).【B10】（分数：2.00）A.teasedB.ruledC.leftD.marked(11).【B11】（分数：2.00）A.psychologicalB.biologicalC.medicalD.physical(12).【B12】（分数：2.00）A.along withB.such asC.apart fromD.instead

9、of(13).【B13】（分数：2.00）A.ButB.ThusC.EvenD.Then(14).【B14】（分数：2.00）A.start onB.start overC.start offD.start up(15).【B15】（分数：2.00）A.strenuousB.comfortableC.unstableD.meaningful(16).【B16】（分数：2.00）A.exhibitB.explainC.estimateD.establish(17).【B17】（分数：2.00）A.emergesB.recursC.expandsD.matters(18).【B18】（分数：2.0

10、0）A.influenceB.boostC.delayD.enrich(19).【B19】（分数：2.00）A.surprisingB.badC.latestD.good(20).【B20】（分数：2.00）A.thoughB.no matter whatC.whileD.no matter howOne problem with much personality research is that it examines and rates whatever traits the researchers are interested in at the time: conscientiousn

11、ess, emotional stability and so on. But when we 【B1】_ someone in real life, we dont consider an array of personality measures; instead, we focus on a few【B2】_traits that sum up the 【B3】_ of the person. One is particularly anxious, another is 【B4】_ reliable, yet another is a “live wire“. While we mig

12、ht hesitate to characterize individuals along every personality dimension, we can accurately identify them 【B5】_ their key characteristics. In research at Stanford University, Daryl Ben and Andrea Allen tested this idea by first asking college students 【B6】_ they were consistently or only occasional

13、ly friendly and then 【B7】_ their parents and friends how friendly the students were. Ben and Allen observed how the students acted under two specific conditions: 【B8】_they spoke in small groups and how quickly they【B9】_a conversation with strangers. The researchers found that students who considered

14、 themselves consistently friendly were indeed more likely to be【B10】_in both circumstances than were those who【B11】_themselves only intermittently friendly.【B12】_that, the friendliness ratings by parents and peers of the students who were consistently friendly were very similar【B13】_the students sel

15、f-ratings and【B14】_accurately how they would act in two conditions. It seems that we can【B15】_ourselves accurately and that others can rate us very well on traits【B16】_serve as our trademarks. To predict how someone will behave in a given situation, we must【B17】_the requirements of the situation wit

16、h the trademark characteristics of the person【B18】_. People who are strongly of one type or【B19】_should react predictably in a given situation,【B20】_the behavior of other, more diffuse personalities is harder to anticipate.（分数：40.00）(1).【B1】（分数：2.00）A.illustrateB.portrayC.paintD.describe(2).【B2】（分数：

17、2.00）A.distinctiveB.specialC.distinguishedD.prominent(3).【B3】（分数：2.00）A.characterB.featureC.essenceD.manner(4).【B4】（分数：2.00）A.collectivelyB.consistentlyC.remarkablyD.annually(5).【B5】（分数：2.00）A.byB.againstC.fromD.with(6).【B6】（分数：2.00）A.ifB.whenC.whyD.that(7).【B7】（分数：2.00）A.askedB.askC.askingD.asks(8)

18、.【B8】（分数：2.00）A.how muchB.how oftenC.how wellD.how long(9).【B9】（分数：2.00）A.covered upB.started upC.brought upD.set up(10).【B10】（分数：2.00）A.friendlyB.talkativeC.easy-goingD.passionate(11).【B11】（分数：2.00）A.rankedB.scoredC.ratedD.evaluated(12).【B12】（分数：2.00）A.BeyondB.SoC.ExceptD.After(13).【B13】（分数：2.00）A.

19、asB.toC.likeD.with(14).【B14】（分数：2.00）A.indicatedB.predictedC.propelledD.reflected(15).【B15】（分数：2.00）A.interpretB.understandC.knowD.judge(16).【B16】（分数：2.00）A.butB.orC.thatD.and(17).【B17】（分数：2.00）A.matchB.meetC.satisfyD.identify(18).【B18】（分数：2.00）A.neededB.involvedC.relatedD.correlated(19).【B19】（分数：2.

20、00）A.notB.otherC.anotherD.two(20).【B20】（分数：2.00）A.orB.whileC.sinceD.however考研英语一（完形填空）模拟试卷 4 答案解析(总分：120.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Use of English(总题数：3，分数：120.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.（分数：40.00）_解析：D

21、o people get happier or more foul-tempered as they age? Stereotypes of irritable neighbors【B1】_, scientists have been trying to answer this question for decades, and the results have been 【B2】_. Now a study of several thousand Americans born between 1885 and 1980 reveals that well-being 【B3】_ increa

22、ses with age but overall happiness【B4】_when a person was born. 【B5】_studies that have【B6】_older adults with the middle-aged and young have sometimes found that older adults are not as happy. But these studies could not【B7】_whether their 【B8】_ was because of their age or be cause of their 【B9】_ life

23、experience. The new study, published online January 24 in Psychological Science,【B10】_out the answer by examining 30 years of data on thousands of Americans, including【B11】_measures of mood and well-being, reports of job and relationship success, and objective measures of health. The researchers fou

24、nd, after controlling for variables【B12】_health, wealth, gender, ethnicity and education, that well-being increases over everyones lifetime.【B13】_people who have lived through extreme hardship, such as the Great Depression,【B14】_much less happy than those who have had more【B15】_lives. This finding h

25、elps to【B16】_why past studies have found conflicting resultsexperi-ence【B17】_, and tough times can【B18】_an entire generations happiness for the rest of their lives. The【B19】_news is,【B20】_weve lived through, we can all look forward to feeling more content as we age.（分数：40.00）(1).【B1】（分数：2.00）A.aside

26、 B.besidesC.alikeD.likely解析：解析：考查副词辨析。文章第一句提出“当人们变老时是变得更快乐还是更为性情古怪”这一问题。空格所在句子的大意为：典型的脾气暴躁的邻居们_，科学家们数十年来一直在试图回答这个问题。Aaside“撇开不谈”作后置定语，译为“不谈那些典型的脾气暴躁的邻居们”，即不将这些极端个例计人在内，表明了研究的严谨性，符合文意。besides 以及 likely 均不能作后置定语修饰名词。alike 可作表语和后置定语，用于强调刚提及的两者的类似性，而文中并未提及“脾气暴躁的邻居们”和他人的比较。(2).【B2】（分数：2.00）A.worryingB.re

27、vealingC.appealingD.conflicting 解析：解析：考查上下文语义+形容词辨析。本句指出，之前科学家们为解决该问题做出很多的努力，结论一直_，下旬紧接着引出目前一项研究揭示了这一问题的结论；而文章第二段也指出之前研究有时发现老年人不及中年人和年轻人幸福，即有时发现老年人感觉更幸福；这都说明之前的研究并没有得出一致的结论而直到现在才有新研究给出确切结论。因此，Dconflicting“冲突的，相矛盾的，不一致的”为正确选项。另外，文章最后一段中出现“conflicting results”，通读文章后也可选出正确答案。worrying“令人担心的，焦虑的”，reveali

28、ng“有启发作用的”，appealing“吸引人的”，均与题意不符。(3).【B3】（分数：2.00）A.neverthelessB.henceC.indeed D.accordingly解析：解析：考查逻辑关系。上文指出之前的研究没有得出一致的结论；本句中的新研究则明确给出结论：幸福感_随着年龄的增长而增强，indeed 在此表达了对这一结论的肯定与强调，符合逻辑；同时indeed 也与后面的 but 呼应，将结论又推进一步：但是整体的幸福感却还受(除年龄外)其他因素影响。Cindeed 同时照应了句间和句内的逻辑，为正确答案。nevertheless“然而”，hence“所以”，accor

29、dingly“因此，相应地”均不符合逻辑。(4).【B4】（分数：2.00）A.resides withB.rests withC.depends on D.reckons on解析：解析：考查动词短语辨析。本句指出：研究表明幸福感的确随着年龄的增长而增强，但总体幸福一个人的出生时间。Cdepends on 可用来表明原因，即“某事受影响或取决于”，代入文中，说明影响总体幸福的另一个原因是人的出生时间，符合文意。resides with 强调“权力、权利等属于某人、某机构”，不符合文意；rests with 指“由(某人)负责”，只接 sb；reckons on(doing)sth强调对某事会

30、发生的一种希望，不符合题意。(5).【B5】（分数：2.00）A.PrecedingB.LaterC.FollowingD.Previous 解析：解析：考查形容词辨析。空格处形容词修饰 studies，本句指出“_研究发现老年人不如后两者那样开心”。下句紧接着说明“但这些研究无法_”，第三句指出“新研究通过审查大量数据”。由此推知本句及下句提到的研究与“新研究”相对，即为“之前的”研究，排除 B、C 两项。而 A、D 两项均有“在前的”之意，但 preceding 强调“紧接在前”，previous 除了有与 preceding 相近的用法外，还可以泛指“发生在前的”，符合原文语境。因此 D

31、Previous 为正确答案。(6).【B6】（分数：2.00）A.relatedB.compared C.matchedD.associated解析：解析：考查动词辨析。本句指出：之前有研究将老年人与中年人和年轻人进行了_，发现老年人不如后两者那样幸福。所以空格处填入的动词应与 with 搭配，表达对比。只有 compare with 指对事物之间的相同和相异之处进行比较，代入文中指对老年人与中年人、年轻人的幸福感的比较，故Bcompared 为正确选项。relate with 意为“同联系起来”，match with 指“找到或使能相匹配，相适应，使与竞争或较量”，associate wi

32、th 意为“联想，联系”，均与题意不符。(7).【B7】（分数：2.00）A.detectB.discoverC.deriveD.discern 解析：解析：考查动词辨析。上文提到以前的研究发现老年人有时不如更年轻的人感觉幸福：本句转折指出：但是研究无法_他们的_是因为他们的年龄还是由于人生经历。空格处填入动词接whetheror(是还是)结构，即要在两个原因当中确定一个，而不单单是“发现，察觉”，排除 A项和 B 项；derive 的习惯搭配有 derive sthfrom 表示“得到某物”，derive from 表示“起源”，都不符合文意。Ddiscern“辨明，分清”可接 whethe

33、ror，表示“在二者中辨别出一个”，符合文意。(8).【B8】（分数：2.00）A.unwillingnessB.insecurityC.discontent D.incompetence解析：解析：考查上下文语义+名词辨析。上一句说明了研究发现有时老年人不如中年人和年轻人那样幸福，空格所在句紧接着说难以分辨这种不幸福的原因是哪一个。根据语义，空格处的词与上文的 not as happy 相呼应。只有 Cdiscontent“不满，不愉快”符合文意。unwillingness“不情愿，勉强”，insecurity“不安全，不牢靠”，incompetence“无资格，不胜任，无能力”，均与文意不

34、符。(9).【B9】（分数：2.00）A.abundantB.commonC.different D.limited解析：解析：考查形容词辨析。空格处形容词用于修饰 life experience，说明造成老年人不如中年人和年轻人那样幸福可能的原因之一。下文指出经历过极度困难的人们不及其他人感觉幸福，说明不同的经历能够影响人们的幸福感，因此只有 Cdifferent“不同的”符合文意。abundant“丰富的”，common“共同的”，limited“有限的”，均与文意不符。(10).【B10】（分数：2.00）A.teased B.ruledC.leftD.marked解析：解析：考查动词辨

35、析。上文指出之前的研究无法确定造成老年人相对不幸福的原因。该句紧接着指出一项新研究通过对成千上万的美国人历经 30 年的数据的审查_答案。四个选项虽都能与 out 搭配，但只有 tease out“深入研究，弄清楚，筛选出”符合题意，因此 Ateased 为正确答案。rule out“排除”，leave out“忽略”，mark out“指定“，均与文意不符。(11).【B11】（分数：2.00）A.psychological B.biologicalC.medicalD.physical解析：解析：考查形容词辨析。空格后的 measures 由空格处形容词及后置定语 of mood and

36、well-being共同修饰，空格句指的是对情绪和幸福感的评估。情绪和幸福感都是心理或精神层面的东西，因此Apsychological“心理的，心理学的；精神上的”为正确答案。它与后面的 objective measures of health 相呼应，共同说明了新研究中评估内容的全面性。biological“生物的”，medical“医学的”，physical“身体的，物质的”，均与文意不符。(12).【B12】（分数：2.00）A.along withB.such as C.apart fromD.instead of解析：解析：考查上下文语义+短语辨析。空格前为 variables(变量

37、)，空格后为health，wealth，gender，ethnicity and education(健康、财富、性别、种族和教育)。由此可见空格后部分是对空格前部分的举例，Bsuch as 为正确选项。along with“和一起”，apart from“远离，除之外”，instead of“代替，而不是”，均与文意不符。(13).【B13】（分数：2.00）A.But B.ThusC.EvenD.Then解析：解析：考查逻辑关系。上文指出，研究人员发现幸福感在每个人的一生中是逐渐增加的：本句转而指出经历过“大萧条”这类极度困难的人们不及另一些人们幸福，从而引出下文对“经历影响幸福感”的论述

38、。两部分在语义上存在隐性转折关系。因此只有 ABut 可表示语义上的转折。为正确选项。(14).【B14】（分数：2.00）A.start onB.start overC.start off D.start up解析：解析：考查上下文语义+短语辨析。本句指出经历过“大萧条”这类极度困难的人们_不及另外一些人们幸福。Cstart off 意为“出发，开始(发生、行动等)”，将其代人，表示经历过极度困难的人们开始的时候不如另外一些人生活幸福，即经历不同，起始幸福感也会不同，故为正确答案。start on“开始进行，着手进行”，stan over“重新开始，从头来”，start up“开始运转，使启

39、动”，均与文意不符。(15).【B15】（分数：2.00）A.strenuousB.comfortable C.unstableD.meaningful解析：解析：考查形容词辨析。本句指出：经历过艰难困苦的人们，在开始的时候不及那些生活更为的人们幸福。空处与前面 extreme hardship 形成对照，是造成幸福度不同的原因。而“极度困难”已经达到一种极致，与其对照的不可能为“更困难”，而只能是“更舒适一些”，因此排除 strenuous“艰苦的，费力的”，选 Bcomfortable。unstable“不稳定的，动荡的”，meaningful“有意义的，意味深长的”，均与文意不符。(16

40、).【B16】（分数：2.00）A.exhibitB.explain C.estimateD.establish解析：解析：考查动词辨析。本句指出：这一发现有助于_为什么过去的研究发现总是得出相互矛盾的结果。破折号后面的部分则给出了其中原因。因此。空格处填入的动词应表示对原因的解释，只有Bexplain 符合文意。exhibit“展览，显示，提出(证据等)”，estimate“估计，判断”，establish“建立，创办”，均不符合题意。(17).【B17】（分数：2.00）A.emergesB.recursC.expandsD.matters 解析：解析：考查动词辨析。上文指出经历过极度困难

41、的人们不及生活更为舒适的人们感觉幸福，由此推知人们的经历对幸福感有影响，选项中可表达此含义的只有 Dmatters“有关系，要紧”。emerge“浮现，(事实)显露”，recur“重现，再发生”，expand“扩大，扩张”，均与文意不符。(18).【B18】（分数：2.00）A.influence B.boostC.delayD.enrich解析：解析：考查动词辨析。上文指出经历过艰苦岁月的人不及那些生活更为舒适的人们幸福，说明艰苦的岁月降低了人们的幸福感，排除 boost“促进，增加”和 enrich“使丰富，使充实”。delay“延后(幸福感)”解释不通。只有 Ainfluence“影响”

42、符合文意，表示“艰苦的岁月能够影响整整一代人余生的幸福”，故为正确选项。(19).【B19】（分数：2.00）A.surprisingB.badC.latestD.good 解析：解析：考查上下文语义十形容词辨析。空格处所填入的形容词用于修饰 news，空格句后部分对这一消息予以了阐释，即“_随着年龄的增长，我们都有望感觉更满足”，很显然这是好消息，排除bad。文章明确指出对“幸福感和年龄之间的关系”的研究已进行了数十年，得出的结果中有的表明老年人感觉没有年轻人幸福，即有的表明老年人感觉更幸福。因此，这一消息并不是“最新消息”或“惊人的消息”，排除 latest 和 surprising。故本

43、题正确答案为 Dgood，即“好的，令人愉快的消息”。(20).【B20】（分数：2.00）A.thoughB.no matter what C.whileD.no matter how解析：解析：考查逻辑关系。本句指出：然而令人欣慰的是，_我们经历过，随着年龄的增长，我们都有望感觉更满足。四个选项均能引导让步状语从句，但由于 live through 为及物动词词组，在原文中缺少宾语，只有 Bno matter what“不管什么，无论什么”符合题意，what 充当 live through 的宾语，即“无论我们经历过什么”，在语义和语法上均满足原文要求，为正确答案。D 项在引导让步状语从句

44、时，后面要直接接形容词。One problem with much personality research is that it examines and rates whatever traits the researchers are interested in at the time: conscientiousness, emotional stability and so on. But when we 【B1】_ someone in real life, we dont consider an array of personality measures; instead, we

45、 focus on a few【B2】_traits that sum up the 【B3】_ of the person. One is particularly anxious, another is 【B4】_ reliable, yet another is a “live wire“. While we might hesitate to characterize individuals along every personality dimension, we can accurately identify them 【B5】_ their key characteristics

46、. In research at Stanford University, Daryl Ben and Andrea Allen tested this idea by first asking college students 【B6】_ they were consistently or only occasionally friendly and then 【B7】_ their parents and friends how friendly the students were. Ben and Allen observed how the students acted under t

47、wo specific conditions: 【B8】_they spoke in small groups and how quickly they【B9】_a conversation with strangers. The researchers found that students who considered themselves consistently friendly were indeed more likely to be【B10】_in both circumstances than were those who【B11】_themselves only intermittently friendly.【B12】_that, the friendliness ratings by parents and peers of the students who were consistently friendly were very similar【B13】_the students self-ratings and【B14】_accurately how they would act in tw