【考研类试卷】考研英语-试卷64及答案解析.doc

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1、考研英语-试卷 64及答案解析(总分：142.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Use of English(总题数：2，分数：80.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.（分数：40.00）_No one can deny that pesticides have improved the ability of farmers to bring their cro

2、ps to market. (1)_ pesticides, farmers no longer have to worry that they will lose an entire crop (2)_ an army of cut Worms or fruit flies. (3)_, Americans can rely on a large and varied food supply. However, we Americans need to become more (4)_ about the effects those pesticides on our food. More

3、(5)_, we need to think about what new (6)_ is necessary to protect ourselves from a (7)_ too rich in Pesticide residue. If we don“t demand greater (8)_ on pesticide use, we may be surprised, dismayed, and (9)_ horrified by the consequence of its use. On the most obvious level, farm workers who conti

4、nue to use the pesticides (10)_ their present rate will (11)_ serious diseases. It“s no (12)_ that farmers (13)_ to herbicides have a six times greater risk of getting cancer. (14)_, children who live in homes where pesticides are used have an increased chance of getting childhood leukemia(白血病). But

5、 the farmers are not the only ones (15)_ risk. Consumers may also suffer serious side effects from daily (16)_ of foods tainted(污染) by pesticides. Although scientists have yet to prove the link (17)_, they are concerned that pesticide use may be one reason for the startling increase in various forms

6、 of cancer like breast and colon(结肠) cancers. We need new legislation that (18)_ stricter standards governing pesticide residues in food. Much of the current legislation is based on ignorance. Simply (19)_, we allow high levels of carcinogens in our food because we don“t know for sure that they do c

7、ause cancer in humans. Yet, why should we take the risk? If there“s a chance that a pesticide causes cancer, then it should be (20)_ from use.（分数：40.00）A.In spite ofB.Thanks toC.GivenD.ProvidedA.outB.onC.forD.toA.In sumB.In shortC.In totalD.As a resultA.informedB.acknowledgedC.acquaintedD.instructed

8、A.specificallyB.speciallyC.especiallyD.sophisticatedlyA.institutionB.constitutionC.legislationD.commissionA.menuB.nutritionC.nourishmentD.dietA.constraintsB.restrictionsC.commitmentD.purificationA.ultimatelyB.utterlyC.extremelyD.thoroughlyA.atB.withC.inD.forA.stricken withB.entitled toC.left toD.car

9、ried away byA.correspondenceB.incidentC.chanceD.coincidenceA.exposedB.devotedC.revealedD.concealedA.On the ContraryB.In additionC.As a resultD.In a wordA.withB.onC.inD.atA.assumptionB.consumptionC.presumptionD.acquisitionA.tentativelyB.inclusivelyC.conclusivelyD.exclusivelyA.adaptsB.adoptsC.adjustsD

10、.affordsA.setB.laidC.placedD.patA.bannedB.inhibitedC.barredD.detained二、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：10，分数：58.00)2.Section II Reading Comprehension_3.Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D._It is known that the brain shrinks as the b

11、ody ages, but the effects on mental ability are different from person to person: Interestingly, in a study of elderly men and women, those who had more education actually had more brain shrinkage. “That may seem like bad news,“ said study author Dr. Edward Coffey, a professor of psychiatry and neuro

12、logy at Henry Ford Health System in Detroit. However, he explained, the finding suggests that education allows people to withstand more brain-tissue loss before their mental functioning begins to break down. The study is the first to provide biological evidence to support a concept called the “reser

13、ve“ hypothesis, according to the researchers. In recent years, investigators have developed the idea that people who are more educated have greater cognitive reserves to draw upon as the brain ages; in essence, they have more brain tissue to spare. Examining brain scans of 320 healthy men and women

14、ages 66 to 90, researchers found that for each year of education the subjects had, there was greater shrinkage of the outer layer of the brain known as the cortex. Yet on tests of cognition and memory, all participants scored in the range indicating normal. “Everyone has some degree of brain shrinka

15、ge,“ Coffey said. “People lose 2.5 percent per decade starting in adulthood.“ There is, however, a “remarkable range“ of shrinkage among people who show no signs of mental decline, Coffey noted. Overall health, he said, accounts for some differences in brain size. Alcohol or drag use, as well as med

16、ical conditions such as diabetes and high blood pressure, contribute to brain-tissue loss throughout adulthood. In the absence of such medical conditions, Coffey said, education level helps explain the range of brain shrinkage exhibited among the mentally-fit elderly. The more-educated can withstand

17、 greater loss. Coffey and colleagues gauged shrinkage of the cortex by measuring the cerebrospinal fluid surrounding the brain. The greater the amount of fluid, the greater the cortical shrinkage. Controlling for the health factors that contribute to brain injury, the researchers found that educatio

18、n was related to the severity of brain shrinkage. For each year of education from first grade on, subjects had an average of 1.77 milliliters more cerebrospinal fluid around the brain. For example, Coffey“s team reported, among subjects of the same sex and similar age and skull size, those with 16 y

19、ears of education had 8 to 10 percent more cerebrospinal fluid compared with those who had four years of schooling. Of course, achieving a particular education level is not the definitive measure of someone“s mental capacity. And, said Coffey, education can be “a proxy for many things“ More-educated

20、 people, he noted, are often less likely to have habits, such as smoking, that harm overall health. But, Coffey said that people should strive throughout life to keep their brains alert by exposing themselves to new experiences. Traveling is one way to stimulate the brain, and a less adventuresome w

21、ay is to do crossword puzzles.（分数：10.00）(1).We can know from the first paragraph that_.（分数：2.00）A.Brains of the more-educated people may become more contracted when they get agedB.Education may do harm to people“s brainsC.More educated people may suffer from brain tissue lossD.The less educated can

22、resort to more cognitive reserves when aged(2).According to the second paragraph, it can be found by researchers that_.（分数：2.00）A.Only educated people suffer from brain shrinkageB.The more the brain shrinks, the more abnormal people“s cognition and memory becomeC.People might loss no mentality even

23、with brain shrinkageD.No brain-tissue loss will be induced by indulgence in alcohol(3).Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the text as one of the factors that may influence brain shrinkage?（分数：2.00）A.indulgence in drinkingB.educationC.emotional fluctuationsD.hypertension(4).The text informs u

24、s that_.（分数：2.00）A.Mental capacity is surely measured by education levelB.More-educated people never develop habits harmful to healthC.People should keeping stimulating the brain to bear more brain-tissue lossD.We should take less adventuresome way to stimulate the brain(5).Which of the following ma

25、y NOT be the way to keep brains alert?（分数：2.00）A.Chang to a new working environmentB.go out for sightseeingC.keep doing everyday workD.doing crosswordsVirtually every company with a computer is vulnerable to computer abuse, crime and accident. Security of the computer and of the information and asse

26、ts contained within it are therefore of paramount importance to management. Skilled computer criminals can break into a computer system far more easily than an armed robber can gain access to a bank vault, and usually with far less risk of apprehension and punishment. A slight change in a complex pr

27、ogram can bring about the misappropriation of thousands of pounds. Accidental erasure of crucial data can paralyze company“s operations. Anyone familiar with the necessary procedure can gain access to information stored in the computer, no matter how confidential, and utilize it for his own purposes

28、. Although the actual extent of computer crime is difficult to measure, most experts agree that it is one of the fastest growing areas of illegal activity. The principal reason for both the growth and the lack of accurate measurement is the difficulty in detecting a well-executed theft. Losses per i

29、ncident thus tend to be higher than in other types of theft. Once the Computer criminal has compromised the system, it is just as easy to steal a great sum as it is to steal a little, and to continue stealing long after the initial theft. Indeed, the computer criminal may find it more difficult to s

30、top his illicit activity than to start it. Computer criminals are, for the most part, well-educated and highly intelligent. The fact that computer criminals do not fit criminal stereotypes helps them to obtain the positions they require to carry out crimes. Being intelligent, they have fertile imagi

31、nations, and the variety of ways in which they use equipment to their advantages is constantly being extended. In addition to direct theft of funds, the theft of data for corporate espionage or extortion is becoming widespread, and can obviously have a substantial effect on a company“s finances. Ano

32、ther lucrative scheme, often difficult to detect, involves accumulating fractions of pence from individual payroll accounts, with electronic transfer of the accumulated amount to the criminal“s payroll. Employers are hardly concerned with pence, much less fractions of pence. In addition, undoubtedly

33、, the company“s payroll is unaffected. But the cumulative value of fractions of pence per employee in a company with a substantial payroll can add up to a useful gain. Guarding against computer abusewhether deliberate or accidentalinvolves attention to the protection of hardware from physical damage

34、 as well as protection of software and data. Computer must be isolated from other company facilities, and unauthorized person should never be admitted to the computer area. Event though some risks are reduced through this measure, most damage to software, accidental and intentional, is caused by tho

35、se whose jobs require at least some access to the computer. The writer of the program is often the one responsible for its misuse. Programs devised exclusively for a particular company are therefore far more valuable to abuse and accident than standard software packages produced by external supplier

36、s.（分数：10.00）(1).Skilled computer criminals can break into a computer system_.（分数：2.00）A.quite easilyB.without any riskC.more easily than an armed robber can gain access to a bank vault and with far less riskD.without being punished(2).According to the second paragraph, which statement is TRUE?（分数：2.

37、00）A.Experts agree that computer crime is one of the fastest growing areas of illegal activity.B.The key reason for both the growth and the lack of accurate measurement is the difficulty in discovering a well-executed theft.C.Losses in per incident of computer crime is higher than other types of the

38、ft.D.It is very easy to start computer crime.(3).Computer theft includes_.（分数：2.00）A.direct theft of fundsB.the theft of data for corporate espionage or extortionC.accumulating fractions of pence from individual payroll accountsD.all of the above(4).Computer criminals choose accumulating fractions o

39、f pence from individual payroll accounts because（分数：2.00）A.it is very easyB.employers are not concerned with penceC.they can gain moreD.the accumulated value can be a useful gain, and it is not easy to be found(5).What dose the last paragraph imply?（分数：2.00）A.Damage to software is caused by those wh

40、ose jobs require at least some access to the computerB.The writer of the program is the one responsible for its misuseC.Measures taken to 15rotect soft ware and data is uselessD.Programs written for an individual company are far more valuable to abuse and accident than standard software packages pro

41、duced by external suppliersFor years I.O.C. Czar Juan Antonio Samaranch has exhibited a pronounced ambivalence about drug use, and certainly his stance has allowed a number of golden boys and girls to keep their images shiny while doping. Careful athletes can easily beat the system that is in place

42、to catch drug abusers. Unscrupulous sports federations can tailor testing schedules and tip off their constituents. Steroid creams can be flushed from the system in 24 to 48 hours. And for some of the most commonly used enhancers, such as erythropoietin (EPO), there are still no institutionalized te

43、ats. It is said that EPO, which increases stamina by boosting an athlete“s red blood cell count, can improve an athlete“s performance in a 20-minmum by 30 sec., but it is otherwise a nightmare of a drug. Overdose on EPO, and the blood becomes too thick for the heart to pump. EPO is believed to be th

44、e culprit in no fewer than 25 mysterious deaths among world-class cyclists since 1987. But athletes will take EPO in Sydney because they can, and some of them will take too much of it. In 1995 Olympiccaliber U.S. athletes were asked in a poll, “Would you take a drug that made you a champion, knowing

45、 that it would kill you in five years?“ more than half said yes. So even if we forget about fair play and credibility and Olympic ideals, we are left with this: the athletes must be protected from themselves arm the pressure to win. How? The I.O.C. needs to do two things immediately: develop a spine

46、, and federalize. The only way to catch a cheat is with unannounced, out-of-competition testing. Historically the I.O.C. has delegated decision making to individual sports federations, but that policy is not working when it comes to drags. A third of the 28 federations have yet to agree to out-of-co

47、mpetition tests in advance of the Sydney Games. The I.O.C. should call an emergency session and make a new rule applying to all sports, then send out its newly empowered testers. As for that imperfect test for EPO-use it anyway. As gold medal marathoner Frank Shorter, now chairman of the U.S. Anti-D

48、oping Agency, says, knowing a test is looming that will knock cheaters off stride. Shorter says that if there is no EPO test at Sydney, then every endurance or strength performance is suspect. He“s right. And when sport becomes suspectwhen no one believes in itit“s no longer worth watching.（分数：10.00）(1).What“s Samaranch“s attitude towards drug use in Olympic Games?（分数：2.00）A.IndignantB.TolerateC.ParadoxicalD.Neutral(2).According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE?（分数：2.00）A.When athletes take steroid cream