【考研类试卷】考研英语-试卷269及答案解析.doc

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1、考研英语-试卷 269及答案解析(总分：142.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Use of English(总题数：2，分数：80.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.（分数：40.00）_The cellphone, a device we have lived with for more than a decade, offers a good examp

2、le of a popular technology“s unforeseen side effects. More than one billion are (1)_ around the world, and when asked, their (2)_ say they love their phones for the safety and convenience (3)_ provide. People also report that they are (4)_ in their use of their phones. One opinion survey (5)_ that “

3、98 percent of Americans say they move away from (6)_ when talking on a wireless phone in public“ (7)_ “86 percent say they “never“ or “rarely“ speak (8)_ wireless phones“ when conducting (9)_ with clerks or bank tellers. Clearly, there exists a (10)_ between our reported cell phone behavior and our

4、actual behavior. Cellphone usersthat is to say, most of usare (11)_ instigators and victims of this form of conversational panhandling, and it (12)_ a cumulatively negative effect on social space. As the sociologist Erving Gateman observed in another (13)_, there is something deeply disturbing about

5、 people who are“ (14)_ contact“ in social situations because they are blatantly refusing to (15)_ to the norms of their immediate environment. Placing a cellphone call in public instantly transforms the strangers around you (16)_ unwilling listeners who must cede to your use of the public (17)_, a d

6、ecidedly undemocratic effect for so democratic a technology. Listeners don“t always passively (18)_ this situation: in recent years, people have been pepper-sprayed in movie theaters, (19)_ from concert hails and deliberately rammed with cars as a result of (20)_ behavior on their cellphones.（分数：40.

7、00）A.now usingB.got usedC.in useD.to be usedA.mastersB.ownersC.holdersD.inventorsA.theyB.whoC.thatD.whichA.carefulB.carelessC.courteousD.cautiousA.expressedB.exposedC.discoveredD.foundA.otherB.othersC.the otherD.anotherA.and thatB.as forC.whereasD.on the contraryA.onB.byC.viaD.fromA.actsB.actionsC.o

8、perationsD.transactionsA.limitB.gulfC.riverD.boundaryA.eitherB.neitherC.bothD.allA.hasB.hadC.has hadD.had hadA.placeB.locationC.spotD.contextA.inB.out ofC.keepingD.havingA.insistB.adhereC.continueD.attachA.andB.inC.intoD.fromA.spaceB.phoneC.serviceD.facilityA.haveB.findC.receiveD.acceptA.refusedB.ej

9、ectedC.rejectedD.repelledA.goodB.poorC.politeD.rude二、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：10，分数：58.00)2.Section II Reading Comprehension_3.Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D._If the various advocates of the conflicting options are all s

10、mart, experienced, and well informed, why do they disagree so completely? Wouldn“t they all have thought the issue through carefully and come to approximately the same “best“conclusion? The answer to that crucial question lies in the structure of the human brain and the way it processes information.

11、 Most human beings actually decide before they think. When any human beingexecutive, specialized expert, or person in the streetencounters a complex issue and forms an opinion, often within a matter of seconds, how thoroughly has he or she explored the implications of the various courses of action?

12、Answer: not very thoroughly. Very few people, no matter how intelligent or experienced, can take inventory of the many branching possibilities, possible outcomes, side effects, and undesired consequences of a policy or a course of action in a matter of seconds. Yet, those who pride themselves on bei

13、ng decisive often try to do just that. And once their brains lock onto an opinion, most of their thinking thereafter consists of finding support for it. A very serious side effect of argumentative decision making can be a lack of support for the chosen course of action on the part of the “losing“ fa

14、ction. When one faction wins the meeting and the others see themselves as losing, the battle often doesn“t end when the meeting ends. Anger, resentment, and jealousy may lead them to sabotage the decision later, or to reopen the debate at later meetings. There is a better way. As philosopher Aldous

15、Huxley said, “It isn“t who is right, but what is right, that counts.“ The structured-inquiry method offers a better alternative to argumentative decision making by debate. With the help of the Internet and wireless computer technology, the gap between experts and executives is now being dramatically

16、 closed. By actually putting the brakes on the thinking process, slowing it down, and organizing the flow of logic, it“s possible to create a level of clarity that sheer argumentation can never match. The structured-inquiry process introduces a level of conceptual clarity by organizing the contribut

17、ions of the experts, then brings the experts and the decision makers closer together. Although it isn“t possible or necessary for a president or prime minister to listen in on every intelligence analysis meeting, it“s possible to organize the experts“ information to give the decision maker much grea

18、ter insight as to its meaning. This process may somewhat resemble a marketing focus group; it“s a simple, remarkably clever way to bring decision makers closer to the source of the expert information and opinions on which they must base their decisions.（分数：10.00）(1).From the first three paragraphs w

19、e can learn that（分数：2.00）A.executive and specialized expert are no more clever than person in the street.B.very few people decide before they think.C.those who pride themselves on being decisive often fail to do so.D.people tend to consider carefully before making decisions.(2).Judging from the cont

20、ext, what does the word “them“(Paragraph 4) refer to?（分数：2.00）A.Decision makers.B.The “losing“ factions.C.Anger, resentment, and jealousy.D.Other people.(3).Aldous Huxley“s remark implies that（分数：2.00）A.there is a subtle difference between right and wrong.B.we cannot tell who is right and what is wr

21、ong.C.what is right is more important than who is right.D.what is right accounts for the question who is right.(4).According to the author, the function of the structured-inquiry method is（分数：2.00）A.to make decisions by debate.B.to apply the Internet and wireless computer technology.C.to brake on th

22、e thinking process, slowing it down.D.to create a level of conceptual clarity.(5).The structured-inquiry process can be useful for（分数：2.00）A.decision makers.B.intelligence analysis meeting.C.the experts“ information.D.marketing focus groups.The hotels are lull, Japanese tourists throng the designer

23、stores of Waikiki, and the unemployment rate is a mere 3% of the workforce. So what could possibly knock Hawaii, the “aloha“ or “welcome“ state, off its wave? The answer is that Hawaii“s 1.2m residents may one day get fed up with playing host to overseas visitors, 7m of them this year. Indeed, some

24、residents are already fed up. KAHEA, an alliance of environmentalists and defenders of native Hawaiian culture, bemoans the pollution caused by the cruise ships and the risk posed by the tourist hordes to creatures such as the dark-rumped petrel and the Oahu tree snail, or to plants like the Marsile

25、a villosa fern. KAHEA has a point: the US FishWildlife Service currently lists some 317 species, including 273 plants, in the Hawaiian islands as threatened or endangered the highest number of any state in the nation. Even the state flower, the hibiscus Brackenridge, is on the danger list. The loss

26、of species, says one government report, has been “staggering“. As for the impact of tourism On Hawaiian culture, a KAHEA spokeswoman wryly notes the element of exploitation: “Native Hawaiian culture is used as a selling pointcome to this paradise where beautiful women are doing the hula on your dinn

27、er plate.“ So what else is new? Hawaii“s environment and culture have been under threat ever since Captain Cook and his germ-carrying sailors dropped anchor in 1778. Foreign imports have inevitably had an impact on species that evolved over the millennia in isolation. Moreover, with up to 25 non nat

28、ive species arriving each year, the impact will continue. But, as the US Geological Survey argues, the impact can add to biodiversity as well as lessen it. The real challenge, therefore, is for Hawaii to find a balance between the costs and the benefits of development in general and tourism in parti

29、cular. The Benefits are not to be sneezed at. The state“s unemployment rate has been below the national average for the past two and-a-half years. Economists at the University of Hawaii reckon that Hawaiians“ real personal income rose by 2.8% last year, will rise by 2.7% this year and will continue

30、through 2007 at 2.5%. According to the state“s “strategic plan“ for the next decade, tourism should take much of the credit, accounting directly and indirectly for some 22% of the state“s jobs by 2007, more than 17% of its economic output and around 26% of its tax revenues. The trouble is that the c

31、osts can be high, too. As one economist puts it, “We have a Manhattan cost of living and Peoria wage rates.“ That translates into a median house price today on the island of Oahu, home to three-quarters of the state“s population, of $500, 000, and a need for many workers to take on more than one job

32、.（分数：10.00）(1).What is the main idea of the first paragraph?（分数：2.00）A.Hawaii is in short of the hotels now.B.Japanese tourists account for the most part of the travelers.C.The unemployment rate in Hawaii is very low.D.Hawaii may change its “welcome“ policy.(2).How do Hawaii“s residents receive tour

33、ists now?（分数：2.00）A.Get fed up with them.B.Warmly welcome them.C.With reserved welcome.D.With traditional hospitality.(3).According to the passage, all these following are problems resulting from the tourism EXCEPT（分数：2.00）A.environmental pollution.B.Hawaiian economy.C.the loss of species.D.the risk

34、 to creatures and biodiversity.(4).By saying “The benefits are not to be sneezed at“(Line 1, Paragraph 4), the author means（分数：2.00）A.the state“s employment rate is higher than other states.B.people in Hawaii get the benefit of seldom sneezing.C.tourism should take much of the credit.D.the advantage

35、s of tourism should not be overlooked.(5).It is implied in the last paragraph that（分数：2.00）A.there is a great deal of trouble living in Hawaii.B.living expenditure in Hawaii is as high as that in Manhattan.C.living expenditure in Hawaii is incompatible with income.D.house price today in Hawaii is un

36、believably high.Asked what he would, do to improve a government, the ancient Chinese sage Confucius answered that his first measure would be “to correct language“. He meant that if words don“t mean what they seem to mean people cannot put any plan into action as in tended. The state of language at t

37、he dawn of the twenty-first century appears to be more confused than everthanks in large part to the enormous influence of television, radio, and print media over what we tiny, desire, and believe. Benjamin Radford, managing editor of The Skeptical Inquirer magazine, offers hundreds of examples of d

38、eceptive practices in journalism, advertising, political activism, public relations, and charity appeals. The real danger to the public, he insists, comes not from outright lies about events or individuals, because in most cases facts call ultimately be proven and mistakes corrected. But the emotion

39、al power of images, sound bites, and slogans can exert deep and lasting influence on our opinions and behavior as consumers, voters, and citizens. The detailed coverage of violent crimes dominating local TV news shows seldom in clues any larger context. The cumulative impression left in the minds of

40、 viewers is that violent crime is rampant and on the rise. As a result, many people live in fear and many more support the idea of ever-larger police forces, tougher laws, and bigger prisons without considering the actual crime rates in their community or across the nation. Dramatic incidents like t

41、he sniper attacks in the Washington, D.C., area in the fall of 2002 receive so much media attention that, again, the actual numbers of people affected and the likelihood of such attacks being repeated anywhere else become wildly exaggerated in people“s minds. In the media-fueled emotional state foll

42、owing such spectacular disasters, the effort and expense of turning schools info locked fortresses or putting cameras on every street to monitor suspicious individuals can seem insignificant compared to the hope of keeping our children safe from harm. Yet truly effective measures require clear think

43、ing and clearly worded policies that citizens not only lawyers and politicianscan understand. Too often the long term future implications of new anticrime laws and policies are not even considered in the rush to feel safer by taking rapid and visible action. Misleading practices by advertisers are a

44、nother subject of public concern. Governments have long limited ads for alcohol and tobacco products and examined claims by drug companies, carmakers, food suppliers, and toy manufacturers to protect the public health. But advertising uses emotional appeals to shift the viewer“s focus away from fact

45、s. Viewers who do not take the trouble to distinguish between provable claims and pleasant but meaningless word play end up buying “the sizzle, not the steak“ and often paying high.（分数：10.00）(1).Confucius is cited by the author in the first paragraph to imply that（分数：2.00）A.it“s urgent to improve a

46、government.B.it“s very important to use language correctly.C.words don“t mean what they seem to mean.D.today“s language is in a state of confusion.(2).According to Benjamin Radford, the real danger to the public opinions lies in（分数：2.00）A.deceptive practices.B.outright lies.C.unproved facts and mist

47、akes.D.the emotional power of images, sound bites, and slogans.(3).Which of the following may reflect the author“s opinion?（分数：2.00）A.TV news shows should include more background.B.We should have larger police forces, tougher laws, and bigger prisons.C.The report on the sniper attacks in the Washing

48、ton, D.C. area is too dramatic.D.The media has done too much to keep our children safe from harm.(4).According to the author, the truly effective measures are（分数：2.00）A.clear thinking and clearly worded policies.B.policies that lawyers and politicians can understand.C.measures that can be understood by the public.D.measures that people feel safer by taking rapid and visible action.(5).What does the author probably mean by “the sizzle, not the steak“(Paragraph 5)?（分数：2.00）A.Something worthwhile.B.Something worthless.C.Something of no pract