【考研类试卷】考研英语-956及答案解析.doc

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1、考研英语-956 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Finding the perfect pair of jeans usually requires patience, luck and several frustrating hours behind a changing room curtain. (1) the process could soon become much simpler (2) to a revolutionary machine which helps women choo

2、se the right size, shape and cut.Previously (3) only in high-end shops, a 3D body scanner is being trialed on the high streetand promises to (4) shoppers to denim that fits and flatters. The 35,000 machine could be the (5) for women who want to follow Carol Vordermans lead with jeans that suit their

3、 shape and flatter their curves, but who dont have time to try on dozens of pairs. Using digital white light, the scanner takes (6) from 16 angles and creates a (7) of the customers body shape in seconds. (8) the help of shop (9) , the image can then be used to identify jeans that are the (10) size

4、and style. The scanner, which is around 10ft tall and 5ft wide, is already in use at the Manchester Arndale shopping centre and is being (11) by fashion chain Peacocks, with other high street stores (12) to follow suit.Debs Hatfield, style adviser at Manchester Arndale, said, “ (13) you can find the

5、 best fitting jeans for your body shape, you must have a clear understanding of what your body type (14) is. That in itself is no easy task since a lot of us arent a clear-cut type, but often a (15) of two or more. “ News of the device comes as research by Peacocks found 60 million pairs of jeans ar

6、e stashed away in wardrobes (16) the country and never worn. The (17) of 2,000 shoppers found that one in five women owns six pairs of jeans they no longer wear (18) to weight loss or gain. Jane Hotz, director of ladieswear for Peacocks, added, “ (19) the perfect pair of jeans is one of the most str

7、essful shopping trips a woman has to (20) , but its also one of lifes great highs when you find jeans that fit great and look fantastic. /（分数：10.00）(1).A. Because B. Although C. While D. But（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(2).A. as B. liable C. thanks D. according（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(3).A. tradable B. reliable C. ide

8、ntifiable D. available（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(4).A. devote B. point C. recommend D. condemn（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(5).A. solution B. criterion C. method D. decision（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(6).A. detachments B. measurements C. complements D. elements（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(7).A. structure B. figure C. graphic D. character（分数

9、：0.50）A.B.C.D.(8).A. By B. With C. Under D. Since（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(9).A. machinery B. customer C. scanner D. staff（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(10).A. diverse B. multiple C. original D. ideal（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(11).A. authorized B. tested C. practiced D. enforced（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(12).A. expected B. declared C. su

10、pposed D. committed（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(13).A. If B. Since C. Before D. After（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(14).A. particularly B. frankly C. certainly D. actually（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(15).A. interfusion B. involvement C. mixture D. compound（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(16).A. on B. over C. throughout D. toward（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(17

11、).A. observation B. survey C. summary D. data（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(18).A. due B. obliged C. attribute D. ascribe（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(19).A. Assembling B. Finding C. Hunting D. Detecting（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(20).A. endure B. experience C. persist D. repel（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.二、Section Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Par

12、t A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Wine buffs are like art collectors. Few can tell the difference between a well-made fake and the real thing. Yet whereas counterfeit art has been around for centuries, wine forgery is relatively new. It started in the late 1970s when the prices of the best w

13、inesespecially those from Bordeauxshot up. Today, with demand from China fuelling a remarkable boom, counterfeiting is rife. By some estimates 5% of fine wines sold at auction or on the secondary market are not what they claim to be on the label.The simplest technique is to slap the label of a 1982

14、Chteau Lafite (one of the most prized recent vintages) onto a bottle of 1975 Lafite (a less divine year). Another trick is to bribe the sommelier of a fancy restaurant to pass on empty bottles that once held expensive wine, along with the corks. These can be refilled with cheaper wine, recorked and

15、resealed. Empty Lafite and Latour bottles are sold on eBay for several hundred euros.The margins are fruity. A great wine may cost hundreds of times more than a merely excellent one. Small wonder that oenophiles are growing more vigilant. Bill Koch, an energy tycoon and avid wine collector, currentl

16、y has five lawsuits pending against merchants, auctioneers and other collectors. His grape-related gripes began in 2006, when he filed a complaint against a German wine dealer who sold bottles of Lafite he claimed had once belonged to Thomas Jefferson. The case is unresolved.“There is a code of sile

17、nce in the industry,“ says Mr. Koch, who owns 43,000 bottles of wine and estimates that he has spent $4m5m on fakes. Some collectors are too proud to admit that they have been duped. Others fear sullying a vintages reputation and thereby reducing the value of their own collections. So instead of spe

18、aking out, “they dump their fakes into auctions or sell them to other private collectors,“ says Mr. Koch.Wine merchants and auction houses say they are doing everything they can to filter out the fakes. Simon Berry, the chairman of Berry Brothers data from 2009 wont be reported until later this year

19、. But there is some question about whether the data, when reported, will even be accurate. Many states and counties, in an attempt to cope with their fiscal straits, are considering cutting down on child-welfare services, such as benefits for foster parents and the number of social workers they empl

20、oy. The average workload of caseworkers had already increased by 7% between 2006 and 2007, says Mary Hansen, of American University in Washington, DC. With more budget cuts, there will be fewer caseworkers to take notice of abuse and neglect, she says, and it will be more difficult to find someone t

21、o report problems to, potentially affecting the collection data.In the meantime, more parents are trying to keep their families intact. New York Foundling, an agency in New York, runs a crisis centre, where parents can leave their children tot up to three weeks. Requests for beds increased 20% in th

22、e last year. Safe Families, a non-profit outfit that places children in temporary homes with volunteer families until jobless parents can get back on their feet, saw the number of children it serviced triple in 2009, and it expects that number to double again in 2010.Most people are asking or help f

23、rom Safe Families, says the organizations founder, David Anderson, because they dont want to risk losing custody, as they would if they put their kids into foster care. Thankfully, the recession has actually spurred more volunteers to come forward, says Mr. Anderson.（分数：10.00）(1).What the experts wo

24、rry about is _.A. the number of the children who need to be properly cared will be increasingB. the number of the children who need to be properly cared will be reducingC. a large number of children will get great careD. a fewer part of children will need someone to take care of them（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D

25、.(2).According to the author, in which situation would the parents mistreat and ignore their children?A. They took a terrible hit. B. They were exposed to bullheaded resistance.C. They suffered from irrational fear. D. They were attacked with a disease.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).The expression “the recess

26、ion was in full throttle“ (Paragraph 3) most probably means that _.A. the economic crisis was over B. there was a full-blown crisisC. the global economy has eased D. the trend of recession has been restrained（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).Unlike Safe Families, foster care _.A. is a nonprofit organizationB. is

27、 good for the childrenC. can provide a new family for the childrenD. was founded by Mary Hansen（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).The main reason of a growing demand for Safe Families is _.A. economic depression B. economic prosperityC. economic fluctuation D. economic stability（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.六、Text 3(总题数：1，分数：

28、10.00)Locked in a vault within the North Carolina Department of Revenue is a bit of Kafka: a government-issued stamp that is expected to remain unpurchased, but which users of illegal goods must, by law, affix to substances they are not allowed to possess.North Carolina is one of about 20 states tha

29、t tax illegal drugs. The cost varies by state and weight, as does the stamps appearance (Nebraskas, with a skull surmounting a syringe and joint, looks like Grateful Dead tribute art). Penalties for non-payment also vary, from being classed as a misdemeanour in Georgia to 200% of the tax plus $10,00

30、0 or five years in prison in Louisiana.Few, if any, drug users actually buy the stamps. Most of those sold in Kansas, for instance, go to collectors. And according to a Mobile newspaper, the director of investigations for Alabamas revenue department said the state never expected actually to sell sta

31、mps to drug users. Instead, the tax exists to further punish those arrested for possession by making them liable to penalties for tax evasion if their drugs are stampless, as they almost invariably are. And those penalties can be lucrative: over the past decade Kansas has collected $10.3m.If legisla

32、tors feel that drug users get off too lightly, they could simply increase the criminal penalties, rather than creating a new class of crime that requires the involvement of another government agency. As it is, these laws are not merely complicated, but have often been found unconstitutional.In 1994

33、the US Supreme Court ruled that because Montanas illegal-drug tax was a second punishment for a single crime it amounted to double jeopardy. Other states drug-tax schemes have also been challenged on constitutional grounds. In response some states have abolished or modified their schemes, usually by

34、 allowing buyers of the stamps to remain anonymous or by forbidding revenue departments from telling law enforcement when someone buys the stamps.The concept of taxing illegal drugs punitively dates back to the Marijuana Tax Act of 1937. This did not ban the drug completely; it subjected anyone who

35、dealt in it commercially to a nominal tax but a heavy array of regulations and criminal penalties for non-compliance. Bureaucracy lives on.（分数：10.00）(1).We may infer from the first paragraph that _.A. Kafka is locked in a vault within the North Carolina Department of RevenueB. The government-issued

36、stamp may not be welcomeC. Users of illegal goods must purchase stamps everydayD. Users are not allowed to possess the stamps（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Which of the following is true according to the text?A. The cost varies, because of the state, weight or the stamps appearance.B. For non-payment, the onl

37、y penalty is to impose a fine.C. Only few drug users buy the stamps.D. The Department of Revenue wants to sell stamps to drug users and collectors.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).The word “legislators“ (Paragraph 4) most probably means _.A. protectors B. judges C. critics D. lawmakers（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).The a

38、uthor uses the example of Montanas tax to show that _.A. these states punish the drug traffickers too harshlyB. the taxes are so complicated that even the US Supreme Court cannot understand themC. these taxes are illegal constitutionallyD. there is bureaucracy living on the US Supreme Court（分数：2.00）

39、A.B.C.D.(5).What does the author think of bureaucracy?A. Indifferent. B. Supportive. C. Indignant. D. Apprehensive.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.七、Text 4(总题数：1，分数：10.00)For a national of pet-rovers, the British are surprisingly relaxed about the vast numbers of animal experiments that are conducted by its scient

40、ists. A dearth of publicity following the jailing of extremists who threatened the livelihoods (and, in other cases, the lives) of those who help provide animals for research may be one reason for the muted response to the recent Home Office announcement that the number of animals used in experiment

41、s rose once again last year. But another reason is that Britain already has the most restrictive rules in the world governing the use of animals, which curtail the use of many of the higher-order species for which people feel the greatest empathy, and that most of the research that is done instead i

42、nvolves rodents.Unlike America, where researchers routinely use chimpanzees to help develop vaccines against diseases such as hepatitis-C and HIV, no experiments of any kind have been conducted on great apes in Britain for more than a decade. Only relatively small numbers of monkeys are used (less t

43、han 0.1% of the total number of animals). Nevertheless their use is controversial so, to determine whether it is also worthwhile, Sir Patrick Bateson of the University of Cambridge recently conducted the first ever retrospective study of the use of primates in research, which was published on July 2

44、7th.Sir Patrick examined experiments on some 3,000 monkeys such as the macaque that were conducted over the decade to 2006. The lions share involved neurological studies: scientists argue that if they can better understand how the brain works, then they will be better placed to develop ways to stave

45、 off degenerative diseases such as Alzheimers and Parkinsons. They were supervised by 72 people who held a license from the Home Office that allowed them to use primates in research; each experiment had to be licensed, too. And most did indeed help to further knowledge.However in a disturbing 9 % of

46、 cases “no clear scientific, medical or social benefit had emerged“ by the time the evaluation was completed. That seems rather a lot of unnecessary pain and distress, as Sir Patrick acknowledges. Yet his colleague Sir Mark Walport of the Wellcome Trust, which funds medical research, points out that

47、 all scientific research carries a risk that it will reveal nothing novel, and that the fact that 91% of investigations using primates did prove worthwhile was something of a triumph.One of Sir Patricks recommendations that is particularly welcome is that researchers “have a moral obligation to publ

48、ish resultseven if negativein order to prevent work being repeated unnecessarily“. For too long scientists have shared only the results of successful experiments, condemning others to repeat their mistakes. That is something we have previously argued against, and the ongoing shift away from paper-ba

49、sed journals to electronic: data repositories can only help.In an ideal world, there would be no animal testing. It is stressful for animals, and expensive and time-consuming for people. But while it remains necessary to advance both medical and veterinary research, conducting it under the strictest rules, and exposing what is done to external scrutiny, should help ensure Britains continuing status as an animal-loving nation.（分数：10.00）(1).From the first two paragraphs, we can learn that _.A. the British dont care abou