【考研类试卷】考研英语-89及答案解析.doc

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1、考研英语-89 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BSection Use o(总题数：1，分数：10.00)As human children are unusually dependent far an unusually long time, its obvious that every society must provide a domestic context in which the children are brought up and educated. In present-day English, the word “family“ has two

2、 meanings: firstly, theU (1) /Ugroup of parents and children; and secondly, aU (2) /Uof relations who might be expected toU (3) /Uat a wedding or aU (4) /U. At the first level, my brothers and sisters and myself are all in the sameU (5) /Uas children, but in different ones as parents; but at the sec

3、ondU (6) /U, were all in the same family from start to finish.As nuclear families become moreU (7) /U, families of relations become more dispersed (分散). The young mother can still talk to her Mum on the phone, but she cant ask her toU (8) /Ufor a few minutes to watch the baby. Ideas about theU (9) /

4、Uof women have been changing: wives are thought to be theU (10) /Uof their husbands rather than their (11) . But perhaps theyre moreU (12) /Uenslaved to their children than before. The point is that there doesnt seem to be anyU (13) /U. There is a genuineU (14) /Ubetween the right of the woman to be

5、 treated as a free and self-respectedU (15) /U, and the right of the child to demand care andU (16) /UWe have created for ourselves threeU (17) /U: social equality of men and women;U (18) /Uof the marriage; and lifelong love andU (19) /Ubetween parents and children. However, we haveU (20) /Ua social

6、 system in which its quite impossible for these factors to co-exist.（分数：10.00）A.permanentB.rigidC.casualD.domesticA.paradeB.networkC.collectionD.frameworkA.turn upB.turn aboutC.turn inD.turn overA.parliamentB.settingC.funeralD.troopA.conferenceB.familyC.organizationD.procedureA.trendB.unionC.accessD

7、.levelA.adequateB.challengedC.isolatedD.excessiveA.drop inB.drop onC.drop awayD.drop offA.personalityB.statusC.alternativeD.careerA.companionsB.opponentsC.sponsorsD.reportersA.principalsB.rivalsC.slavesD.neighborsA.flexiblyB.highlyC.presentlyD.thoroughlyA.solutionB.evolutionC.fictionD.locationA.fuss

8、B.clashC.hesitationD.pauseA.residentB.volunteerC.individualD.specialistA.growthB.permissionC.responseD.attentionA.miraclesB.obstaclesC.idealsD.sensationsA.glamourB.permanenceC.managementD.reservationA.cooperationB.distinctionC.tensionD.acquisitionA.modifiedB.predictedC.selectedD.created二、BSection Re

9、adi(总题数：4，分数：40.00)BText 1/BSomeone has calculated that by the time an American reaches the age of 40, he or she has been exposed to one million ads. Another estimate is that we have encountered more than 600, 000 ads by the time we reach the age of only 18. Now, of course, we dont remember what exa

10、ctly they said or even what the product was, but a composite message gets through: that you deserve the best, that you should have it now, and that its okay to indulge yourself, because you deserve the compliments, sex appeal, or adventure you are going to get as a result of buying this car or those

11、 cigarettes.Our consumer-based economy makes two absolutely reciprocal psychological demands on its members. On the one hand, you need the “discipline“ values to ensure that people will be good workers and lead orderly, law-abiding lives. On the other hand, you need the “enjoy yourself“ messages to

12、get people to be good consumers. One author was disturbed about the “enjoy yourself“ side, but acknowledged that “without a means of stimulating mass consumption, the very structure of our business enterprise would collapse.“The interesting question has to do with the psychological consequences of t

13、he discrepancy between the dual messages. The “discipline“ or “traditional values“ theme demands that one compartment of the personality have a will strong enough to keep the individual doing unpleasant work at low wages, or to stay in an unhappy marriage, and, in general, to do things for the good

14、of the commonwealth.The “enjoy yourself“ message, on the other hand, tends to encourage a very different kind of personality-one that is self-centered, based on impulse, and is unwilling to delay rewards. As an illustration, I cant. resist reciting one of my favorite ads of all time, an ad from a ps

15、ychology magazine: “I love me. Im just a good friend to myself. And I like to do what makes me feel good. I used to sit around, putting things off till tomorrow. Tomorrow Ill drink champagne, and buy a set of pearls, and pick up that new stereo. But now I live my dreams today, not tomorrow.“So what

16、happens to us as we take in these opposing messages, as we are, in fact, torn between the opposite personality types that our society seems to require of us? Tile result is anxiety, fear, and a mysterious dread. The fear of being sucked in and dragged down by our consumer culture is real: the credit

17、 card company is not friendly when you default on your bills. And we all know that the path of pleasure-seeking and blind acquisition is a recipe for financial ruin-for most of us, anyway-and that, in American society, there isnt much of a safety net to catch you if you fall.（分数：10.00）(1).From the f

18、irst paragraph we know that ads in America are very_.（分数：2.00）A.pervasiveB.successfulC.convincingD.impressive(2).According to the passage, the “discipline“ values and the “enjoy yourself“ are_.（分数：2.00）A.contradictory needs from the consumersB.mutually corresponding psychological demands on the cons

19、umersC.for good workers who lead orderly, law-abiding livesD.messages to get people to be good consumers(3).According to the “discipline“ or “traditional values“ theme_.（分数：2.00）A.there are dual messages for the psychological consequencesB.one should sacrifice himself for the interest of the commonw

20、ealthC.people would stay in an unhappy marriageD.the individual is glad to do unpleasant work at low wages(4).Which of the following is NOT true with the “enjoy yourself“ message?（分数：2.00）A.It is a different kind of personality from others.B.It is one that is self-centered.C.I like to do what makes

21、me feel good.D.I live my dreams today, not tomorrow.(5).From the last paragraph we may infer that_.（分数：2.00）A.there is a fear of being sucked in and dragged down by our consumer cultureB.pleasure-seeking and blind acquisition is popular in our societyC.one should not default on ones billsD.American

22、society is not as secure as people assumeBText 2/BThe 1920s was the decade of advertising. The advertising men went wild: everything from salt to household coal was being nationally advertised. Of course, ads had been around for a long time. But something new was happening, in terms of both scale an

23、d strategy. For the first time, business began to use advertising as a psychological weapon against consumers. Without their product, the consumer would be left unmarried, fall victim to a terrible disease, or be passed over for a promotion. N/Is developed an association between the product and ones

24、 very identity. Eventually they came to promise everything and anything-from self-esteem to status, friendship, and love.This psychological approach was a response to the economic dilemma business faced. Americans in the middle classes and above (to whom virtually all advertising was targeted) were

25、no longer buying to satisfy basic needs-such as food, clothing and shelter. These had been met. Advertisers had to persuade consumers to acquire things they most certainly did not need. In other words, production would have to “create the wants it sought to satisfy“. This is exactly what manufacture

26、rs tried to do. The normally conservative telephone company attempted to transform the plain telephone into a luxury, urging families to buy “all the telephones that they can conveniently use, rather than the smallest amount they can get along with“ . One ad campaign targeted fifteen phones as the s

27、tyle for a wealthy home.Business clearly understood the nature of the problem. According to one historian: “Business had learned as never before the importance of the final consumer. Unless he or she could be persuaded to buy, and buy extravagantly, the whole stream of new cars, cigarettes, womens m

28、ake-up, and electric refrigerators would be dammed up at its outlets.“But would the consumer be equal to her/his task as the foundation of private enterprise? A top executive of one American car manufacturer stated the matter bluntly: business needs to create a dissatisfied consumer; its mission is

29、“the organized creation of dissatisfaction“. This executive led the way by introducing annual model changes for his companys cars, designed to make the consumer unhappy with what he or she already had. Other companies followed his lead. Economic success now depended on the promotion of qualities lik

30、e waste and self-indulgence.The campaign to create new and unlimited wants did not go unchallenged. Trade unions and those working for social reform understood the long-term consequences of materialism for most Americans: it would keep them locked in capitalisms trap. The consumption of luxuries req

31、uired long hours at work. Business was explicit in its resistance to increases in free time, preferring consumption as the alternative to taking economic progress in the form of leisure. In effect, business offered up the cycle of work-and-spend.（分数：10.00）(1).The 1920s advertising men went wild_.（分数

32、：2.00）A.about salt and household coalB.over their ads scale and strategyC.about a psychological weaponD.to develop an association between the product and the consumer(2).A typical example of “create the wants it sought to satisfy“ is_.（分数：2.00）A.acquiring things they most certainly did not needB.tra

33、nsforming the plain telephone into a luxuryC.fifteen phones as the style for a wealthy homeD.buying all the telephones that they can conveniently use(3).The importance of the final consumer lies in_.（分数：2.00）A.the potential buying powerB.the nature of the problemC.changing the products into capitalD

34、.the demands for various merchandises(4).Business needs to create a dissatisfied consumer because it_.（分数：2.00）A.promotes competitionB.helps improve productionC.puts higher standard on the manufacturerD.pushes forward product renovation(5).According to the passage, the term “materialism“ refers to_.

35、（分数：2.00）A.a theory that physical matter is the only realityB.a doctrine that the only values lie in material well-beingC.a doctrine that economic or social change is materially causedD.a focus on material rather than intellectual or spiritual thingsBText 3/BYou may fall prey to a nonviolent but fri

36、ghtening and fast-growing crime: identity theft. It happens to at least 500, 000 new victims each year, according to government figures. And it happens very easily because every identification number you have Social Security, credit card, drivers license, telephone- “is a key that unlocks some stora

37、ge of money or goods,“ says a fraud program manager of the US Postal Service. “So if you throw away your credit card receipt and I get it and use the number on it, Im not becoming you, but to the credit card company Ive become your account.“One major problem, experts say, is that the Social Security

38、 Number (SSN) originally meant only for retirement benefit and tax purposes has become the universal way to identify people. It is used as identification by the military, colleges and in billions of commercial transactions.Yet a shrewd thief can easily snatch your SSN, not only by stealing your wall

39、et, but also by taking mail from your box, going through your trash for discarded receipts and bills or asking for it over the phone on some pretext.Using your SSN, the thief applies for a credit card in your name, asking that it be sent to a different address than yours, and uses it for multiple pu

40、rchases. A couple of months later the credit card company, or its debt collection agency, presses you for payment.You dont have to pay the debt, but you must clean up your damaged credit record. That means getting a police report and copy of the erroneous contract, and then using them to clear the f

41、raud from your credit report, which is held by a credit bureau. Each step can require a huge amount of effort.In the Collins case, the clearance of the erroneous charges from their record required three years of poring over records and 6, 000 in solicitors fees. In the meantime, they were denied a l

42、oan to build a vacation home, forced to pay cash for a new heating and cooling system, hounded by debt collectors, and embarrassed by the spectacle of having their home watched by investigators looking for the missing car.Of course, thousands of people are caught and prosecuted for identity theft. B

43、ut it was only last year that Congress made identity theft itself a federal crime. That law set up a special government office to help victims regain their lost credit and to streamline police efforts by tracking cases on a national scale.Consumer advocates say this may help but will not address the

44、 basic problems, which, they believe, are causing the outbreak in identity theft: industrys rush to attract more customers by issuing instant credit, inadequate checking of identity, and too few legal protections for consumers personal information.（分数：10.00）(1).Which of the following may least make

45、you fall prey to a nonviolent crime?（分数：2.00）A.Your Social Security Number.B.Your credit card receipt.C.Your drivers license.D.Your telephone.(2).The most commonly used trick for a shrewd thief is_.（分数：2.00）A.peeping into commercial transactionsB.seizing your SSNC.taking mail from your boxD.asking y

46、ou over the phone(3).If the thief applies for a credit card in your name, you _.（分数：2.00）A.shouldnt bother it at allB.had better pay for your carelessnessC.should get a report from the policeD.have to spend much effort to tackle it(4).The Collins case impress that_.（分数：2.00）A.the clearance of the er

47、roneous charges is not easyB.they could not apply a loan to build a vacation homeC.they have to pay cash for almost everythingD.it is embarrassed to clean up the damaged credit record(5).The best title for the passage may be_.（分数：2.00）A.Stolen Identity: A New EpidemicB.Guard against Identity TheftC.

48、How to Keep Your Identity SafeD.Be Cautious of Using Your SSNBText 4/BBy the mid-sixties, blue jeans were an essential part of the wardrobe of those with a commitment to social struggle. In the American Deep South, black farmers and grandchildren of slaves still segregated from whites, continued to

49、wear jeans in their mid-nineteenth-century sense; but now they were joined by college students-black and white-in a battle to overturn deeply embedded race hatred. The clothes of the workers became a sacred bond between them. The clothing of toil came to signify the dignity of struggle.In the student rebe