【考研类试卷】考研英语-681及答案解析.doc

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1、考研英语-681 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、When anyone opens a (总题数：20，分数：10.00)1.（分数：0.50）A.byB.onC.withD.for2.（分数：0.50）A.oweB.commitC.attributeD.embark3.（分数：0.50）A.acquireB.depositC.demandD.derive4.（分数：0.50）A.HoweverB.PrimarilyC.MoreoverD.Presumably5.（分数：0.50）A.Unless

2、B.AlthoughC.SinceD.When6.（分数：0.50）A.whichB.whatC.howD.that7.（分数：0.50）A.onB.withC.inD.for8.（分数：0.50）A.delicateB.skillfulC.unusualD.unique9.（分数：0.50）A.loadedB.offendedC.discriminatedD.directed10.（分数：0.50）A.printedB.confirmedC.forgedD.justified11.（分数：0.50）A.purposeB.riseC.priorityD.thought12.（分数：0.50）A

3、.respectB.chargeC.lineD.place13.（分数：0.50）A.reputationB.prestigeC.authorityD.impact14.（分数：0.50）A.contributesB.facilitatesC.resultsD.leads15.（分数：0.50）A.supportB.contrastC.regardD.addition16.（分数：0.50）A.forB.throughC.asD.in17.（分数：0.50）A.conformB.complyC.obeyD.abide18.（分数：0.50）A.specificsB.signsC.symbols

4、D.specimens19.（分数：0.50）A.engagedB.intendedC.adaptedD.adopted20.（分数：0.50）A.riskB.guaranteeC.faultD.benefit三、Section Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Part A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、Text 1(总题数：5，分数：10.00)21.According to the text, the author mentions plutonium in paragraph 1 to（分数：2.00）A.estimate the amount of nuclea

5、r material in Europe.B.exemplify one of the possible causes of lung cancer.C.highlight the measures needed to prevent lung cancer.D.show the destructive properties of industrial waste materials.22.According to paragraph 3, some workers have been killed by harmful pollutants in that（分数：2.00）A.product

6、ion could not be halted.B.they failed take safety measures.C.research was not pursued to a solution.D.safety equipment was not adequately provided.23.By the author “ecocide most probably means（分数：2.00）A.waste utilization.B.ecological balance.C.radioactive reaction.D.massive bio destruction.24.The st

7、yle of the second paragraph is mainly（分数：2.00）A.factual.B.sarcastic.C.emotional.D.argumentative.25.It can be inferred from the text that the author believes that（分数：2.00）A.nationwide application of anti-pollution devices can finally prevent cancer.B.tough legislation is needed to set lower limits of

8、 worker exposure to harmful chemicals.C.more research is required into the causes of cancer before further progress can be made.D.industrialization must be slowed down to prevent further spread of cancer-causing agents.六、Text 2(总题数：5，分数：10.00)26.Because of their out-of-date organization some unions

9、find it difficult to（分数：2.00）A.recruit new members to join.B.remold themselves as industries change.C.adapt to advancing technologies.D.bargain for high enough wages.27.Why is the interdependence of the UK economy mentioned in paragraph 1?（分数：2.00）A.To point up the importance of the trade union powe

10、r.B.To outline in brief the great scale of essential services.C.To illustrate the danger in the whole economic system.D.To bring out a centralized and concentrated industrial society.28.Disagreements arise between unions because some of them（分数：2.00）A.take over other unions jobs.B.try to win over me

11、mbers of other unions.C.protect their own members at the expense of others.D.intend to represent workers in new trade organizations.29.The title which best expresses the idea of the text would be（分数：2.00）A.British Trade Unions and Their Drawbacks.B.A Centralized and Concentrated Society.C.The Power

12、of Trade Unions in Britain.D.The Structure of British Trade Unions.30.What basic problem are we told most trade unions face?（分数：2.00）A.They are equal in size of influence.B.They are less powerful than ever before.C.They dont have enough members.D.They are not organized efficiently.七、Text 3(总题数：5，分数：

13、10.00)31.Which of the following is most likely to be one of the “utilitarian political objectives“ mentioned by the author?（分数：2.00）A.To forge a new theory of literary criticism.B.To pursue truth in a disinterested manner.C.To demonstrate that women are interested in literary criticism that can be v

14、iewed either subjectively or objectively.D.To convince the academic establishment to revise the ways in which it assesses women scholars professional qualities.32.Which of the following titles best summarizes the content of the text?（分数：2.00）A.How Theories of Literary Criticism Can Best Be UsedB.Pro

15、blems Confronting Women Who Are Feminist Literary CriticsC.A Historical Overview of Feminist Literary CriticismD.Literary Criticism: Art or Science?33.The author specifically mentions all of the following as difficulties that particularly affect women who are theoreticians of feminist literary criti

16、cism EXCEPT the（分数：2.00）A.tendency of a predominantly male academic establishment to form preconceptions about women.B.limitations that are imposed when criticism is defined as objective and scientific.C.likelihood that the work of a woman theoretician who claims the privilege of art will be viewed

17、with prejudice by some academics.D.tendency of members of the academic establishment to treat all forms of feminist literary theory with hostility.34.According to the author, the debate has special significance for the woman who is a theoretician of feminist literary criticism because（分数：2.00）A.wome

18、n who are literary critics face professional risks different from those faced by men who are literary critics.B.there are large numbers of capable women working within the academic establishment.C.there are a few powerful feminist critics who have been recognized by the academic establishment.D.like

19、 other critics, most women who are literary critics define criticism as either scientific or artistic.35.It can be inferred that the author would define as “political“ (line 1, Para. 3) the questions that（分数：2.00）A.cannot be resolved without extensive debate.B.are primarily academic in nature and op

20、en to abstract analysis.C.are contested largely through contention over power.D.will be debated by both men and women.八、Text 4(总题数：5，分数：10.00)36.The author implies that a minority-owned concern that does the greater part of its business with one large corporate customer should（分数：2.00）A.avoid compet

21、ition with larger, more established concerns by not expanding.B.concentrating on securing even more business from that corporation.C.use its influence with the corporation to promote subcontracting with other minority concerns.D.try to expand its customer bases to avoid becoming dependent on the cor

22、poration.37.The primary purpose of the text is to（分数：2.00）A.present a commonplace idea and its inaccuracies.B.describe a situation and its potential drawbacks.C.propose a temporary solution to a problem.D.analyze a frequent source of disagreement.38.According to the text, civil rights activists main

23、tain that one disadvantage under which minority-owned businesses have traditionally had to labor is that they have（分数：2.00）A.been especially vulnerable to government mismanagement of the economy.B.been denied bank loans at rates comparable to those afforded larger competitors.C.not had sufficient op

24、portunity to secure business created by large corporations.D.not been able to advertise in those media that reach large numbers of potential customers.39.According to the organization of the text, it most likely appeared in（分数：2.00）A.a business magazine.B.an accounting textbook.C.a dictionary of fin

25、ancial terms.D.a yearbook of business statistics.40.The text suggests that the failure of a large business to have its bids for subcontracts result quickly in orders might cause it to（分数：2.00）A.experience frustration but not serious financial harm.B.have to record its efforts on forms filed with the

26、 government.C.increase its spending with minority subcontractors.D.revise its procedure for making bids for federal contracts and subcontracts.九、Part B(总题数：0，分数：0.00)十、Notes：(总题数：5，分数：10.00)41.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_42.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_43.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_44.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_45.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_十一、Part C(总题数：0

27、，分数：0.00)十二、46) A recent phenome(总题数：5，分数：10.00)46.（分数：2.00）_47.（分数：2.00）_48.（分数：2.00）_49.（分数：2.00）_50.（分数：2.00）_十三、Section Writing(总题数：0，分数：0.00)十四、Part A(总题数：1，分数：10.00)51.end of the letter. Use “Li Ming“ instead. You do not need to write the address.（分数：10.00）_十五、Part B(总题数：1，分数：20.00)52.提示：欧洲经济委

28、员会公布了最新数字：1996 年世界钢产量约为 7.5亿吨，比 1995年下降 0.2%。中国 1996年钢产量突破一亿吨大关，从而超过日本成为世界上最大的产钢国。（分数：20.00）_考研英语-681 答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、When anyone opens a (总题数：20，分数：10.00)1.（分数：0.50）A.byB.on C.withD.for解析：注释 结构搭配。on a cheque 凭支票；on 表示原因或根据。2.（分数：0.50）A.owe B.commitC.at

29、tributeD.embark解析：注释 词义搭配。owe obligations to sb向某人承担义务；commit oneself to doing sth使自己承担做某事的任务；attributeto 把归因于；embark on 着手，开始从事，例如：embark on a new career(从事一项新的职业)；embark on a long journey (开始漫长的旅行)。3.（分数：0.50）A.acquireB.depositC.demand D.derive解析：注释 词义搭配。demand the repayment of the money 提取钱。acqui

30、re vt，获得；deposit vt将(钱)存入不敷出银行；derive vt得到，获取，例如：derive great pleasure from ones studies(从学习中得到很大乐趣)。4.（分数：0.50）A.HoweverB.Primarily C.MoreoverD.Presumably解析：注释 逻辑搭配。primarily 主要地；however 然而；moreover 此外；presumably 推测起来，大概。5.（分数：0.50）A.UnlessB.AlthoughC.SinceD.When 解析：注释 逻辑结构搭配。when 引导时间状语从句。6.（分数：0.

31、50）A.which B.whatC.howD.that解析：注释 逻辑搭配。who is which depending on准是债务人，谁是债权人取决于7.（分数：0.50）A.onB.withC.in D.for解析：注释 惯用搭配。be in credit 有结余；buy on credit 赊购。8.（分数：0.50）A.delicateB.skillfulC.unusualD.unique 解析：注释 词义搭配。skillful 有技巧的，巧妙的；delicate 精细的，纤细的；unique(同类中)独一无二的。9.（分数：0.50）A.loaded B.offendedC.di

32、scriminatedD.directed解析：注释 词义惯用搭配。be loaded against对不利，例如：The odds were loaded against him(情况对他不利。)offend against触犯(法律等)，例如：This verdict offends against ones idea of justice(这个裁决触犯了人们的正义观念。) discriminate against 歧视，例如：The law does not discriminate against any race， creed or color(法律并不歧视任何种族、信条或肤色。)d

33、irectagainst 使针对”，例如：His remark directs its blows mainly to the working people(他的话主要打击了劳动人民。)10.（分数：0.50）A.printedB.confirmedC.forged D.justified解析：注释 词义搭配。forge(invent)伪造，如：He got the money dishonestly，by forging his brothers signature on a checkforge 的原意是“锻造”，例如：The blacksmith forged the horseshoe

34、 with great skill(这位铁匠熟练地锻造了这块马蹄铁。)print vt印刷，出版，如：print books。confirm vt1)证实，肯定，确认：The experiment confirmed his theory2)加强，坚定(信念等)：The latest information confirms my belief that he is to blame(最新的信息坚定了我的信念：他应受责备。)3)批准，同意：The agency confirmed the contract(这个机构批准了这个合同。)justify vt证明是正确的，如：1)You will h

35、ave to justify your work to others(你得向其他人解释你的工作是对的。)2)The fact that he annoyed you does not justify your treating him in that way(他触怒你这一事实并不能证明你那样对待他是正确的。)11.（分数：0.50）A.purposeB.rise C.priorityD.thought解析：注释 惯用搭配。give rise to 引起，产生，例如：His words gave rise to a considerable amount of speculation(他的话引起

36、了很多猜测。)give purpose to 使有目的，例如：give purpose to ones life(使某人的生活有目的)。give priority to 优先考虑，例如：We should give priority to the development of our reading skillsgive thought to 考虑”，例如：Have you given any thought to which university you would like to go to when you leave school?12.（分数：0.50）A.respect B.cha

37、rgeC.lineD.place解析：注释 结构搭配。in respect of用来付的钱(商业用语)，例如：The company gave him $230 in respect of the work he has done(公司给他 230美元用来支付他的工钱。)in charge of负责，例如：1)(作表语)He will be in charge of the whole factory next week when the director is away2)(作定语)The officer in charge requested Arthur to put on his ou

38、tdoor clothesin line with 与一致，符合，例如：1)(作表语)Some of the recent actions of the government are not in line with the statement of policy in their election manifesto(政府最近的一些行动不符合他们在大选宣言中的政策声明。)2)(作状语)In line with history and social evolution socialism is inevitable(按照历史和社会的发展，社会主义是必然的。)in place of代替，用而不用

39、，例如：The Chinese use chopsticks in place of knives and forks(中国人用筷子，而不用刀叉。)13.（分数：0.50）A.reputationB.prestigeC.authority D.impact解析：注释 词义搭配。authority 权力；reputation 声誉；prestige 声望；impact 影响。14.（分数：0.50）A.contributesB.facilitates C.resultsD.leads解析：注释 词义搭配。facilitate vt使方便，促使，例如：1)The broken lock facil

40、itated my entrance into the empty room2)I decided to employ a secretary in order to facilitate the workcontribute to 有助于，促使，例如：1)Plenty of fresh air contributes to good health2)Cigarette smoking is a major factor contributing to lung cancer3)Cars contribute air pollution in the cityresult in 导致；lead

41、 to 导致。15.（分数：0.50）A.supportB.contrastC.regardD.addition 解析：注释 逻辑惯用搭配。in addition to 除以外。in support of 支持；in contrast to与相对照；in regard to 关于，在上，例如：I have nothing to say in/with regard to your complaints(对于你的投诉，我无可奉告。)16.（分数：0.50）A.forB.throughC.asD.in 解析：注释 惯用搭配。in cash 以现金方式。17.（分数：0.50）A.conformB.

42、complyC.obey D.abide解析：注释 词义结构搭配。obey ones instructions 服从某人的指令。conform to 符合，遵守，例如：All students must conform to the rules(全体学生都必须遵守这些规则。)conform with 符合，例如：The design conforms with the regulations注意： conform to 较常用；只偶尔用 conform with。comply with 照办；遵守，如：1) People who refuse to comply with the law wi

43、ll be punished2)He knows the regulations，and if he refuses to comply with them he must take the consequences abide by 遵守，服从：1)We agreed to abide by your judgment2)She will abide by her promise3)abide by 承受：You will have to abide by the consequences18.（分数：0.50）A.specificsB.signsC.symbolsD.specimens 解

44、析：注释 词义搭配。specimen 样本；specific 细节；sign 迹象，符号，牌；symbol 象征。19.（分数：0.50）A.engagedB.intendedC.adaptedD.adopted 解析：注释 词义搭配。adopt vt采用，采取：We must adopt strong measures against any environmental destruction20.（分数：0.50）A.risk B.guaranteeC.faultD.benefit解析：注释 词义搭配。risk 风险。risk 可作及物动词用，后接名词或动名词，例如：1)The brave

45、 man risked his life in trying to save the child2)He didnt want to risk getting wet he had only one suitrisk 作名词用时常用的词组如下；1)at the risk of 冒的风险：At the risk of offending you，I must tell you that I disapprove of your behavior2)run (or take)a risk 冒危险：You are running a big risk in trusting him3)at risk

46、 处于危险中：The governments income policy is seriously at risk三、Section Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Part A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、Text 1(总题数：5，分数：10.00)21.According to the text, the author mentions plutonium in paragraph 1 to（分数：2.00）A.estimate the amount of nuclear material in Europe.B.exemplify one of the possible causes of lung cancer. C.highlight the measures needed to prevent lung cancer.D.show the destructive properties of industrial waste materials.解析：注释 逻辑结构题。本题问：根据课文，作者在第一段中提到钚是为了什么?解这类题的思路是从宏观看微观、从主题看细节。本文的主题是讲“先进技术与癌症的因果关系”。第 1段中作者讲到“只要一磅钚释放到大气层就可能使 90亿人患肺癌”。可见，作者提到钚是要举出造成癌症原因的一个例子。故应选B。