【考研类试卷】考研英语-18及答案解析.doc

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1、考研英语-18 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BSection Use o(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Energy will be one of the defining issues of this century. One thing is clear: the era ofU (1) /UOil is over. What we all do next will determine how well we meet the energy needs of the entire world in this century andU (2) /U.Demand

2、 is soaring likeU (3) /Ubefore. As populations grow and economiesU (4) /U, millions in the developing world are enjoying the benefits of a lifestyle thatU (5) /Uincreasing amounts of energy. In fact, some say that in 20 years the world willU (6) /U40% more oil than it does today. At the same time, m

3、any of the worlds oil and gas fields areU (7) /U. And new energy discoveries are mainly occurring in places where resources are difficult toU (8) /U, physically, economically and even politically. When growing demand meetsU (9) /Usupplies, the result is moreU (10) /Ufor the same resources.We can wai

4、t until a crisis forces us to do something.U (11) /Uwe canU (12) /Uto working together, and start by asking theU (13) /Uquestions: How do we meet the energy needs of the developing world and those of industrialized nations? What role will renewables andU (14) /Uenergies play? What is the best way to

5、 protect our environment? How do we accelerate our conservation efforts? U(15) /Uactions we take, we must look not just to next year,U (16) /Uto the next 50 years.At Chevron, we believe that innovation, collaboration and conservation are theU (17) /Uon which to build this new world. We cannot do thi

6、s alone. Corporations, governments and every citizen of this planet must be part of the solution asU (18) /Uas they are part of the problem. WeU (19) /Uscientists and educators, politicians and policy-makers, environmentalists, leaders of industry and each one of you to be part ofU (20) /Uthe next e

7、ra of energy.（分数：10.00）A.fossilB.eternalC.easyD.formidableA.afterB.beyondC.laterD.afterwardA.neverB.longC.everD.sometimeA.take onB.take toC.take offD.take afterA.acquiresB.requiresC.rescuesD.inquiresA.consumeB.restrainC.resumeD.compriseA.emergingB.menacingC.eruptingD.maturingA.extractB.constructC.ex

8、tolD.extemporizeA.amplerB.surplusC.emergentD.tighterA.accommodationB.competitionC.stimulationD.cooperationA.Or elseB.NeverthelessC.OrD.AlbeitA.commitB.striveC.conductD.simulateA.novelB.toxicC.numerousD.toughA.alternateB.subterraneanC.alternativeD.abundantA.OnceB.HoweverC.AlthoughD.WhateverA.but then

9、B.butC.but yetD.but forA.milestonesB.milieuC.cornerstonesD.correspondenceA.symbolicallyB.synchronouslyC.swiftlyD.surelyA.call uponB.call offC.call forthD.call overA.revokingB.reshapingC.revertingD.reversing二、BSection Readi(总题数：4，分数：40.00)BText 1/BSeptember 11th 2001 drew the transatlantic alliance t

10、ogether; but the mood did not last, and over the five years since it has pulled ever further apart. A recent poll for the German Marshall Fund shows that 57% of Europeans regard American leadership in world affairs as “undesirable“. The Iraq war is mainly to blame. But there is another and more. int

11、ractable reason for the growing division: God.Europeans worry that American foreign policy under George Bush is too influenced by religion. The “holy warriors“ who hijacked the planes on September 11th reintroduced God into international affairs in the most dramatic of ways. It seems that George Bus

12、h is replying in kind, encouraging a clash of religions that could spell global catastrophe.Dominique Moisi, a special adviser at the French Institute for International Relations, argues that “the combination of religion and nationalism in America is frightening. We feel betrayed by God and by natio

13、nalism, which is why we are building the European Union as a barrier to religious warfare.“ Josef Braml, of the German Institute for International and Security Affairs, complains that in America “religious attitudes have more of an influence on political choices than in any other western democracy.“

14、The notion that America is too influenced by religion is not confined to the elites. Three in five French people and nearly as many Dutch think that Americans are too religious-and that religion skews what should be secular decisions. Europeans who think that America is “too religious“ are more incl

15、ined to anti-Americanism than their fellow countrymen. 38% of Britons have an unfavourable view of America, but that number rises to 50% among people who are wary of American religiosity.Is America engaged in a faith-based foreign policy? Religion certainly exerts a growing influence on its actions

16、in the world, but in ways more subtle and complicated than Europeans imagine. It is true that America is undergoing a religious revival. “Hot“ religions such as evangelical Protestantism and hardline Catholicism are growing rapidly while “cool“ mainline versions of Christianity are declining. It is

17、also true that the Republican Party, is being reshaped by this revival. Self-identified evangelicals provided almost 40% of Mr. Bushes vote in 2004; if you add in other theological conservatives, such as Mormons and traditional Catholics, that number rises closer to 60%. All six top Republican leade

18、rs in the Senate have earned 100K ratings from the Christian Coalition.It is also true that Mr. Bush frequently uses religious rhetoric when talking of foreign affairs. On September 12th he was at it again, telling a group of conservative journalists that he sees the war on terror as “a confrontatio

19、n between good and evil“, and remarking, “It seems to me that theres a Third Awakening“ (in other words, an outbreak of Christian evangelical fervour, of the sort that has swept across America at least twice before). And Christian America overall is taking a bigger interest in foreign policy. New vo

20、ices are being heard, such as Sam Brownback, a conservative senator from Kansas who has led the fight against genocide in Darfur, and Rick Warren, the author of a bestseller called “The Purpose-Driven Life“, who is sending 2,000 missionaries to Rwanda.Finally, it is true that religious figures have

21、done some pretty outrageous things. Pat Robertson called for the assassination of Hugo Ch vez, the president of Venezuela. Lieutenant-General William “Jerry“ Boykin, deputy under-secretary of defence for intelligence, toured the country telling Christian groups that radical Muslims hate America “bec

22、ause were a Christian nation and the enemy is a guy named Satan“. He often wore uniform.（分数：10.00）(1).The increasing transatlantic schism, according to the text, results from _.（分数：2.00）A.terrorist attacksB.American reliance on deityC.intractable reasonD.multiple factors(2).The phrase “in kind“ in t

23、he last sentence of the second paragraph most probably denotes _.（分数：2.00）A.“with something tender“B.“with kindness“C.“out of charity impulse“D.“with something similar“(3).The view mentioned in the third paragraph at least prevail among _.（分数：2.00）A.the European UnionB.the religious establishmentC.t

24、he special adviserD.the elites(4).With which of the following statements would the author be most likely to agree?（分数：2.00）A.Americas foreign policy seems strongly influenced by religion. But that influence is much more complex than its critics suppose.B.In the world of good and evil American foreig

25、n policy is bound to be fruitless.C.The growing disparity which is created by God has been existing. But the gulf of the transatlantic alliance will be bridged.D.Religious figures have made some pretty outrageous things that could be compromised by means non-violent means.(5).The author evidences hi

26、s own notion by advancing _.（分数：2.00）A.four factsB.far-fetched pretextsC.random hypothesisD.powerful preachersBText 2/BIt is no longer just dirty blue-collar jobs in manufacturing that are being sucked offshore but also white-collar service jobs, which used to be considered safe from foreign competi

27、tion. Telecoms charges have tumbled, allowing workers in far-flung locations to be connected cheaply to customers in the developed world. This has made it possible to offshore services that were once non-tradable. Morgan Stanleys Mr. Roach has been drawing attention to the fact that the “global labo

28、ur arbitrage“ is moving rapidly to the better kinds of jobs. It is no longer just basic data processing and call centres that are being outsourced to low-wage countries, but also software programming, medical diagnostics, engineering design, law, accounting, finance and business consulting. These ca

29、n now be delivered electronically from anywhere in the world, exposing skilled white-collar workers to greater competition.The standard retort to such arguments is that outsourcing abroad is too small to matter much. So far fewer than lm American service-sector jobs have been lost to off-shoring. Fo

30、rrester Research forecasts that by 2015 a total of 3.4m jobs in services will have moved abroad, but that is tiny compared with the 30m jobs destroyed and created in America every year. The trouble is that such studies allow only for the sorts of jobs that are already being off-shored, when in reali

31、ty the proportion of jobs that can be moved will rise as IT advances and education improves in emerging economies.Alan Blinder, an economist at Princeton University, believes that most economists are underestimating the disruptive effects of off-shoring, and that in future two to three times as many

32、 service jobs will be susceptible to off-shoring as in manufacturing. This would imply that at least 30% of all jobs might be at risk. In practice the number of jobs off-shored to China or India is likely to remain fairly modest. Even so, the mere threat that they could be shifted will depress wages

33、.Moreover, says Mr. Blinder, education offers no protection. Highly skilled accountants, radiologists or computer programmers now have to compete with electronically delivered competition from abroad, whereas humble taxi drivers, janitors and crane operators remain safe from off-shoring. This may he

34、lp to explain why the real median wage of American graduates has fallen by 6% since 9000, a bigger decline than in average wages.In the 1980s and early 1990s, the pay gap between low-paid, low-skilled workers and high-paid, high-skilled Workers widened significantly. But since then, according to a s

35、tudy by David Autor, Lawrence Katz and Melissa Kearney, in America, Britain and Germany workers at the bottom as well as at the top have done better than those in the middle-income group. Office cleaning cannot be done by workers in India. It is the easily standardised skilled jobs in the middle, su

36、ch as accounting, that are now being squeezed hardest. A study by Bradford Jensen and Lori Kletzer, at the Institute for International Economics in Washington D. C., confirms that workers in tradable services that are exposed to foreign competition tend to be more skilled than workers in non-tradabl

37、e services and tradable manufacturing industries.（分数：10.00）(1).To offshore services that were once non-tradable results from _.（分数：2.00）A.the blue-collar job marketB.the geographic location of the underdeveloped worldC.the fierce competition among skilled workersD.the dive of telecoms fee(2).Which o

38、f the following statements is the typical reply concerning off-shoring?（分数：2.00）A.Service-sector has sustained a great loss.B.White-collar workers will not have a narrow escape.C.Most economists underestimated the effects of off-shoring.D.Outsourcing abroad has no significant impact.(3).According to

39、 the text, Forrester Research Prediction might be different if _.（分数：2.00）A.outsourcing abroad is large enough to matter muchB.the proportion of jobs that can be moved will riseC.more comprehensive factors are taken into accountD.education improvement in emerging economies plays a role(4).The narrat

40、ive of the text in the last three paragraphs concentrates on _.（分数：2.00）A.the standard retort to the argumentsB.off-shoring and the resulting incomeC.the future off-shoringD.the counter-measures at hand(5).Which of the following could be the best title for the text?（分数：2.00）A.Business consulting.B.B

41、lue-collar jobs.C.Non-tradable services.D.White-collar blues.BText 3/BFew beyond Californias technology crowd recognise the name Larry Sonsini; none within its circle could fail to. For four decades he has been lawyer, adviser and friend to many prominent companies and investors. Some consider him t

42、he most powerful person in Silicon Valley. Companies beg for his law firm to represent them. The 65-year-old chairman of Wilson Sonsini Goodrich and more recently, as outside counsel to Hewlett-Packard (HP), for initially defending the boards dubious investigative practices.WSG work by younger artis

43、ts such as Surendran Nair and Shibu Natesan beat estimates by more than 70%. Sothebys and Christies have auctions in New York next week, each with a Tyeb Mehta that is expected to fetch more than $1 million. The real question is tee fate of other works, including some by Mr. Souza with estimates of

44、up to $600,000. If they do well, it will demonstrate that there is strong demand and will pull up prices across the board. This looks like a market with a long way to run.（分数：10.00）(1).It can be inferred from the second paragraph that the recent rapid development of Indian modern art is closely asso

45、ciated with _.（分数：2.00）A.economic boomB.real estateC.electronic elementD.international action(2).According to the second paragraph, the expensive art can be seen as an ideal means of _.（分数：2.00）A.triumphB.appreciationC.assessmentD.investment(3).Which of the following is true according to the text?（分

46、数：2.00）A.People attached importance to modern Indian art long before the end of 1980s.B.Rich Indians, particularly those living abroad, had a strong passion for modern Indian art for ages.C.Prices at the emerging market of modern art had been climbing and then declining.D.Rich Indians did not show i

47、nterest in modern Indian art until the end of the 1990s.(4).According to the text, the fortune of such works as Mr. Souzas can exert an influence on _.（分数：2.00）A.the creation of modern artB.production of younger artistsC.the strong rejection of market policyD.the value of Indian modern art(5).The au

48、thors narrative in the text centers on _.（分数：2.00）A.the profits brought about by a pretty pictureB.why Indian modern art is boomingC.the Success of Indian software and “business-process outsourcing“ firmsD.how wealthy Indians evaluate Indian modern art三、BPart B/B(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Back when we were kid

49、s, the hours spent with friends were too numerous to count. There were marathon telephone conversations, all-night studying and giggling sessions. Even after boyfriends entered the picture, our best friends remained irreplaceable. And time was the means by which we nurtured those friendships. Now as adult women we never seem to