【考研类试卷】考研数学二-线性方程组(一)及答案解析.doc

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1、考研数学二-线性方程组(一)及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：10.00)German Chancellor Angela Merkel won over German voters in the Federal Election on Sept. 27. Can she now be won over by a French charm offensive (1) at repairing the relationship that was once at the heart of Europe? Thats t

2、he question being asked in Paris, (2) top government officials are (3) talking about their desire to rekindle closer ties (4) their neighbors across the Rhine. (5) the end of World War II the Franco-German relationship has been the motor of European integration, the (6) force behind the creation of

3、the European Union and, more recently, the introduction of the euro. But the ardor has (7) in this decade, particularly under Merkel, who has regularly struggled to (8) her irritation with French President Nicolas Sarkozys grandstanding. Sarkozy, (9) , has often been impatient with what he (10) Merk

4、els lack of resolve. The sometimes (11) personal rapport is a long way from the public shows of affection their predecessors staged, particularly Helmut Kohl and FranCois Mitterrand, who movingly held (12) in 1984 in a Verdun cemetery. Theres been tension on (13) , too. Charles Grant, director of th

5、e London-based think tank Centre for European Reform, points out that France and Germany have been (14) on issues from how best to reflate their economies during the economic (15) to the smartest strategies for dealing with Russia. But influential movers in France are now (16) to put the relationshi

6、p back on a friendlier footing. In a recent paper French think tank Institute Montaigne (17) an ambitious agenda for the two nations, (18) that a new impetus is needed if Europes voice is to be heard in a world (19) of big new players, such as Brazil and India, and at a time when President Obama see

7、ms fax more (20) with China and the rest of Asia than with Americas traditional allies in Europe.（分数：10.00）(1).A conducted B struck C intended D aimed（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(2).A which B that C where D when（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(3).A confidentially B openly C zealously D conservatively（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(4).A to

8、wards B with C against D off（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(5).A Since B Before C At D For（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(6).A armed B interruptive C influential D driving（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(7).A deteriorated B aggravated C moderated D cooled（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(8).A recover B discover C conceal D reveal（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(9).A on th

9、e whole B in turn C on the other hand D on the contrary（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(10).A constructs B convinces C conceals D considers（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(11).A sound B harmonious C tense D hostile（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(12).A conferences B hands C opportunities D prejudices（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(13).A principle B business

10、 C cooperation D policy（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(14).A at the cost B at peace C at odds D at a loss（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(15).A danger B war C crisis D time（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(16).A eager B delighted C worried D reluctant（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(17).A turned out B laid out C made out D gave out（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(18).A agr

11、eeing B criticizing C arguing D opposing（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(19).A filled B lack C void D full（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(20).A stimulated B preoccupied C concentrated D accustomed（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.二、Section Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Part A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Jet lag is back on the agenda for

12、business travelers, especially as long-haul international traffic picks up again.There is endless advice online about jet lag. Drugs are frequently mentioned, and a recent favorite is Nuvigil, used to treat excessive sleepiness. Nuvigils manufacturer, Cephablon, has so far not succeeded in obtaining

13、 government approval for its plan to market the drug as a remedy forjet lag.But the approach I hear most often from long-haul travelers involves diet and preparation. “ Why would you take a pill that your body then has to shake off? “ said Lynne Waller Scanlon, the author, with Charles F. Ehret, of

14、Overcoming Jet Lag, which was a best seller in the mid-1980s but went out of print until she revised and republished it last year under a snappier title, The Cure for Jet Lag.The book lays out a treatment system for jet lag based on pre-trip diet and conditioning to reset the bodys internal clock. T

15、he book suggests resetting the body clock so that it will be in sync with the time at the destination. One to three days before a trip, the authors suggest low-calorie meals. In flight, avoid or strictly limit alcohol, and use coffee or tea to persuade the body clock that its daytime. If its morning

16、 after flying all night, resist sleep and “ flood your eyes with daylight “ , they suggest.While all long-haul travel can cause normal fatigue, travel across time zones causes the body to react with the most pronounced effects of jet lag, including disorientation and a general sense of discomfort.In

17、 the last few years, the global airlines have put more emphasis on accommodating the need for in-flight sleepat least in the business and firstclass cabins, where international airlines earn most of their revenue. But at the same time, international airlines also promote extensive in-flight entertai

18、nment selections, as well as high-end menus, including quality wine lists, in premium classes. Indulging in these would seem to work against dietary treatment to combat jet lag. But Ms. Scanlon says recovery is nevertheless attainable.“ What do you do if you cant implement this program ahead of the

19、trip, or if youve blown it and had a complete debauch on the plane? “ she said, “ Well, when you get off that plane, you get on the program right away. It may not be perfect, but you will feel much, much better. /（分数：10.00）(1).The word “ snappier “ (Para.3)most probably means_.A longer B more elegan

20、t C smarter D prettier（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).It is indicated in Paragraph 2 that_.A we cannot find enough advice about jet lagB people often talk about drugs for jet lagC Nuvigil is the best drug for jet lagD if you sleep too much after a long flight, you can take Nuvigil as a treatment（分数：2.00）A.B.C.

21、D.(3).According to the passage, the most popular way for treatingjet lag is probably_.A taking drugsB adjusting diet and preparing before handC consulting a doctorD drinking coffee orteainflight（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).According to Paragraph 5 and 6, which of the following statements is TRUE?A Effects o

22、f jet lag after travels across time zones are most serious and obvious.B Effects of jet lag are a sense of discomfort and the loss oforientation.C Things have improved in recent years because the global airlines have emphasized on meeting the need for in-flight sleep.D Enjoying the in-flight enterta

23、inment and high-quality food will make it impossible to recover from jet lag.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).What would be the best title for the text?A Drugs for Jet LagB The Best-selling book on Jet LagC Treatment for Jet LagD Enjoy Your Flight（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.五、Text 2(总题数：1，分数：10.00)With only about 1,000 pa

24、ndas left in the world, China is desperately trying to clone the animal and save the endangered species. Thats a move similar to what a Texas AM University researcher has been undertaking for the past five years in a project called “Noahs Ark“.Dr. Duane Kraemer, a professor in Texas AMs College of V

25、eterinary Medicine and a pioneer in embryo transfer work and related procedures, says he salutes the Chinese effort and “I wish them all the best success possible. Its a worthwhile project, certainly not an easy one, and its very much like what were attempting here at Texas AMto save animals from ex

26、tinction. “Noahs Ark is aimed at collecting eggs, embryos, semen and DNA of endangered animals and storing them in liquid nitrogen. If certain species should become extinct, Kraemer says there would be enough of the basic building blocks to reintroduce the species in the future.It is estimated that

27、as many as 2,000 species of mammals, birds and reptiles will become extinct over the next 100 years. The panda, native only to China, is in danger of becoming extinct in the next 25 years.This week, Chinese scientists said they grew an embryo by introducing cells from a dead female panda into the eg

28、g cells of a Japanese white rabbit. They are now trying to implant the embryo into a host animal.The entire procedure could take from three to five years to complete.“The nuclear transfer of one species to another is not easy, and the lack of available panda eggs could be a major problem,“ Kraemer b

29、elieves. “They will probably have to do several hundred transfers to result in one pregnancy. It takes a long time and its difficult, but this could be groundbreaking science if it works. They are certainly not putting any live pandas at risk, so it is worth the effort , “adds Kraemer, who is one of

30、 the leaders of the Missyplicity Project at Texas AM, the first-ever attempt at cloning a dog.“They are trying to do something thats never been done, and this is very similar to our work in Noahs Ark. Were both trying to save animals that face extinction. I certainly applaud their effort and theres

31、a lot we can learn from what they are attempting to do. Its a research that is very much needed. /（分数：10.00）(1).The aim of “Noahs Ark“ project is to_.A. implant embryo into a host animalB. salute the Chinese efforts in saving pandasC. save endangered animals from extinctionD. introduce cells from a

32、dead female panda into the egg ceils of a Japanese white rabbit（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).How long will the Chinese panda-cloning project take according to the passage?A. 1 year. B. 3 to 5 years.C. 2 years. D. 25 years.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).The word “groundbreaking“(Paragraph 7) can be interpreted as_.A. e

33、ssentially new B. pioneeringC. evolutionary D. epoch-making（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).What could be the major problem in cloning pandas according to Professor Kraemer?A. Lack of available panda eggs.B. Lack of host animals.C. Lack of qualified researchers.D. Lack of funds.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).The best tit

34、le for the passage may be_.A. Chinathe Native Place of Pandas ForeverB. Chinas Efforts to Clone PandasC. Chinas First Cloned PandaD. Exploring the Possibility to Clone Pandas（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.六、Text 3(总题数：1，分数：10.00)President Bush takes to the bully pulpit to deliver a stern lecture to Americas busin

35、ess elite. The Justice Dept. stuns the accounting profession by filing a criminal indictment of Arthur Andersen LLP for destroying documents related to its audits of Enron Corp. On Capitol Hill, some congressional panels push on with biased hearings on Enrons collapse and, now, another busted New Ec

36、onomy star, telecoms Global Crossing. Lawmakers sign on to new bills aimed at tightening oversight of everything from pensions and accounting to executive pay.To any spectators, it would be easy to conclude that the winds of change are sweeping Corporate America, led by George W. Bush, who ran as “a

37、 reformer with result.“ But far from deconstructing the corporate world brick by brick into something cleaner, sparer, and stronger, Bush aides and many legislators are preparing modest legislative and administrative reforms. Instead of an overhaul, Bushs team is counting on its enforcers, Justice a

38、nd a newly empowered Securities she also studied how frequently users logged on and how often they remained online during each session. Her findings were published recently in Cyberpsyehology, Behavior and Social Networking.After measuring each subject using the Narcissism Personality Inventory and

39、Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, Mehdizadeh, who graduated from York this past spring, discovered narcissists and people with lower self-esteem were more likely to spend more than an hour a day on Facebook and were more prone to post self-promo-tional photos ( striking a pose or using Photoshop, for exa

40、mple). Narcissists were also more likely to showcase themselves through status updates (using phrases like “Im so glamorous I bleed glitter“) and wall activity (posting self-serving links like “ My Celebrity Look-alikes“ ).Self-esteem and narcissism are often interrelated but dont always go hand in

41、hand. Some psychologists believe that narcissists-those who have a pervasive pattern of grandiosity, a need for admiration, as well as a lack of sympathy-unconsciously inflate their sense of self-importance as a defense against feeling inadequate. Not enough empirical research has been produced to c

42、onfirm that link, although Mehdizadehs study seems to support it. Because narcissists have less capacity to sustain intimate or long-term relationships, Mehdizadeh thinks that they would be more drawn to the online world of virtual friends and emotionally detached communication.Although it seems tha

43、t Facebook can be used by narcissists to fuel their inflated egos, Mehdizadeh stops short of proclaiming that excessive time spent on Faeebook can turn regular users into narcissists. She also notes that social-networking sites might ultimately be found to have positive effects when used by people w

44、ith low self-esteem or depression. “If individuals with lower self-esteem are more prone to using Facebook,“ she says, “the question becomes, Can Facebook help raise self- esteem by allowing patients to talk to each other and help each other in a socially interactive environment? I dont think its ne

45、cessarily a bad thing that people with low self-esteem use Facebook. /（分数：10.00）(1).Facebooks users_?A like to hide themselvesB maybe show the characters that are different from the real onesC (are more likely to) upload the modified photosD are often used as the research（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).which o

46、f the following is used for predicting a persons level of narcissism and self-esteem?A Activities the subjects take apart inB Frequency of the experimental objectC Frequency of the experimental objects renewing photosD The contents of the log of the experimental object（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).Narcissist

47、s may_.A be online for a long time B only upload the photos of their ownC own the strong sympathy D be self-serving（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).According to the views of psychologists (Para 4, line 2), narcissists would_.A make themselves feel adequate B show their differencesC obtain the respect of others

48、D defense against feeling insufficient（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).Mehdizadeh may think that_.A Facebook will make people abnormalB people with low self-esteem could increase their confidence by FacebookC Facebook is socially interactive environmentD narcissists with lower self-esteem dont like to communicate mood（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.八、Part B(总题数：1，分数：10.00)A Dr Daniel Stanley, an oceanographer, has found volcanic shards in Egypt that he believes are linked to the explosion. Computer simulations by Mike Rampino, a climate modeler from New York University,