2014年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（江苏卷）英语.docx

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1、2014 年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（江苏卷） 英 语 第二部分 英语知识运用（共两节，满分 35 分） 第一节 单项填空 21. Lessons can be learned to face the future, _ history cannot be changed. A. though B. as C. since D. unless 解析：该题考查的是状语从句的连词辨析。 Though 尽管； as 随着，因为； since 自从，既然； unless 除非，如果 不 ；句意：尽管历史不能改变，但是为了面对未来我们还是要从历史中学会教训。根据句意可知上下文之间存在着转折关系，所以

2、使用 though 表示让步和转折。故 A正确。 答案： A 22. The book has helped me greatly in my daily communication, especially at work _ a good impression is a must. A. which B. when C. as D. where 解析：该题考查定语从句。该题定语从句的先行词是 work，后面的定语从句 a good impression is a must 的句子结构很完整，所以使用关系副词在句中作状语，同时也引导起这个定语从句。句意：在日常交流中这本书帮助了很多，尤其是在需

3、要有良好印象的工作之中。 A、 C两项都是关系代词在句中不能作状语， when的先行词通常都是指时间的名词。故 D 正确。 答案： D 23. -How much do you know about the Youth Olympic Games to be held in Nanjing? -Well, the media _ _ it in a variety of forms. A. cover B. will cover C. have covered D. covered 解析：该题考查句子时态。句意： 你对即将在南京举行的青奥会了解多少？ 很好，媒体以多种形式对青奥会举行了报道。根

4、据本句中的 well，可知后者对青奥会很了解。这主要是因为媒体多 种形式的报道，本句使用现在完成时体现出过去所发生的事情对现在的影响。故 C正确。 答案： C 24. Tom always goes jogging in the morning and he usually does push-ups too to stay _. A. in place B. in order C. in shape D. in fashion 解析：该题考查的是与介词 in 有关的短语辨析。 in place 有序，在适当的位置； in order 井井有条； in shape健康的，状态良好的； in f

5、ashion 流行的，时尚的；句意：为了保持健康，每天早晨 Tom 总去慢跑，也经常做引体向上。根据句意可知 Tom 锻炼的目的是为了保持健康。故 C正确。 答案： C 25. Top graduates from universities are _ by major companies. A. chased B. registered C. offered D. compensated 解析：该题考查动词词义辨析。 chase 追求，追逐； register 登记，注册； offer 提供； compensate 补偿，赔偿。句意：来自大学里的优秀毕业生收到大公司的追逐。本句表示大公司愿意

6、接受大学的优秀毕业生。根据句意可知 A正确。 答案： A 26. -What a mess! You are always so lazy! -Im not to blame, mum. I am _ you have made me. A. how B. what C. that D. who 解析：该题考查名词性从句中的表语从句。表语从 句通常都是放在系动词 be 的后面，说明主语的情况。本句中的 what 引导起宾语从句，并在宾语从句里放在 made me 的后面做宾语补足语。句意： 真乱啊！你总说这么懒！ 我不应该受到责备。是你让我成为这样的。 That 在表语从句中不能作成分， ho

7、w 在句中作状语。 Who 指人，通常都作主语。故 B正确。 答案： B 27. She was put under house arrest two years ago but remained a powerful _ in last years election. A. symbol B. portrait C. identity D. statue 解析：该题考查名词的词义辨析。 A象征；标志；符号；记号；代表人物； B肖像； identity 身份； statue雕像，塑像。句意：虽然两年前就已遭软禁，她在去年的选举中仍然是势力强大的代表人物。故 A正确。 答案： A 28. The

8、 idea “happiness,” _, will not sit still for easy definition. A. to be rigid B. to be sure C. to be perfect D. to be fair 解析：该题考查形容词词义辨析。 rigid 僵硬的，死板的； sure 确信的，肯定的，有把握的； perfect 完美的；fair 公平的；句意： “幸福， ”可以肯定的是，不是个静态简单的定义。根据句意可知 B项符合上下文串联。 答案： B 29. His lecture _, a lively question-and-answer session

9、 followed. A. being given B. having given C. to be given D. having been given 解析：该题考查非谓语动词的用法。该题较难， a lively question-and-answer session followed 是一个完整的句子，该题的两部分之间缺少连词，所以逗号前面的不能是句子，只能是一个独立主格结构。名词 his lecture与动词 give 之间构成被动关系，所以使用过去分词表示被动，排除 B项。 A项表示正在进行， C项不定式表示将要进行。都符合语义， D 项 having been done 在作状语的

10、时候相当于 done。本句的独立主格结构 His lecture having been given 相当于 After his lecture had been given。句意：他的演讲结束后，将是一个现场问答部分。故 D 正确。 答案： D 30. -Dad, I dont think Oliver the right sort of person for the job. -I see. Ill go right away and _. A. pay him back B. pay him off C. put him away D. put him off 解析：该题考查的是动词 p

11、ay 及 put 的短语辨析。 pay back 偿还；报复；报答；偿付； pay off 付清；（付清工资后）解雇；（努力）得到回报； put away 收拾，整理，放在一边，不管不顾； put off 推迟。句意：爸爸，我认为 Oliver 并不是这份工作的合适人选。 我明白的，我马上就去付清他的工资，解雇他。根据句意，本句中的 pay off 表示（付清工资后）解雇。故 B正确。 答案： B 31. It was sad to me that they, so poor themselves, _ bring me food. A. might B. would C. should D.

12、 could 解析：该题考查情态动词词义辨析。 might 也许； would 会，过去常常做某事； should 应该，竟然； could能够。句意：让我难过的是，如此贫穷的他们竟然给我带来了食物。根据句意可知本句中的 should 表示 “竟然 ”。故 C正确。 答案： C 32. I cant meet you on Sunday. Ill be _ occupied. A. also B. just C. nevertheless D. otherwise 解析：该题考查副词词义辨析。 also 也； just 只不过，仅仅； nevertheless 然而，不过； otherwise

13、 要不然；另外。句意：星期天我不能去接你了，另外我还会很忙。根据句意可知本句中的 otherwise 表示另外，另外方面。故 D 正确。 答案： D 33. Legend has it that the origin of the Dragon Boat Festival is to _ the soul of Qu Yuan. A. remember B. remind C. recover D. recall 解析：该题考查动词词义辨析。 remember 记得； remind 提醒，使 想起 ； recover 康复； recall回忆。句意：相传端午节是为了让我们想起屈原的精神。 B项

14、应该使用 remind sb. of sth.“使某人想起某事 ”。根据句意可知 D 正确。 答案： D 34. Good families are much to all their members, but _ to none. A. something B. anything C. everything D. nothing 解析：该题考查代词词义辨析。 something 某些事情，重要人物； anything 任何事情，一些事情； everything一切； nothing 没有东西；没有事情；无关紧要的东西。句意：优秀的家庭对她的成员们来说意味着许多，但并不是一切。根据句意可知本句

15、使用 everything 一切符合上下文含义。故 C 正确。 答案： C 35. -_! Somebody has left the lab door open. -Dont look at me. A. Dear me B. Hi, there C. Thank goodness D. Come on 解析：该题考查交际用语。 Dear me 天哪！（表示惊讶） Hi， there 嗨，你好； Thank goodness 谢天谢地；Come on 加油；得了吧！句意： 天哪！有人让实验室的门开着。 不要看着我！不是我干的。根据句意可知前者对于实验室的门还开着很惊讶。故选择 A项。 答案：

16、 A 第二节 完形填空（共 20 小题，每小题 1 分，满分 20 分） Dale Carnegie rose from the unknown of a Missouri farm to international fame because he found a way to fill a universal human need. It was a need that he first 36 back in 1906 when young Dale was a junior at State Teachers College in Warrensburg. To get an 37 , h

17、e was struggling against many difficulties. His family was poor. His Dad couldnt afford the 38 at college, so Dale had to ride horseback 12 miles to attend classes. Study had to be done 39 his farm-work routines. He withdrew from many school activities 40 he didnt have the time or the 41 . He had on

18、ly one good suit. He tried 42 the football team, but the coach turned him down for being too 43 During this period Dale was slowly 44 an inferiority complex (自卑感 ), which his mother knew could 45 him from achieving his real potential. She 46 that Dale join the debating team, believing that 47 in spe

19、aking could give him the confidence and recognition that he needed. Dale took his mothers advice, tried desperately and after several attempts 48 made it. This proved to be a 49 point in his life. Speaking before groups did help him gain the 50 he needed. By the time Dale was a senior, he had won ev

20、ery top honor in 51 . Now other students were coming to him for coaching and they, 52 , were winning contests. Out of this early struggle to 53 his feelings of inferiority. Dale came to understand that the ability to 54 an idea to an audience builds a persons confidence. And, 55 it. Dale knew he cou

21、ld do anything he wanted to doand so could others. 36. A. admitted B. filled C. supplied D. recognized 解析：考查动词词义辨析。 A承认； B填充，装满； C 提供； D 认识到；认出；戴尔 卡耐基从密苏里的一个默默无闻的农场里走出来成为一名国际大师，是因为他找到一个方法来满足人们共同的需要。这个需要是 1906 年他在 State Teachers College 学 习的时候意识到的。本句是一个强调句型，强调的是 recognize 的宾语 need。 答案： D 37. A. assig

22、nment B. education C. advantage D. instruction 解析：考查名词词义辨析及上下文串联。 A任务；工作； B教育； C优势； D 指导；为了得到教育，戴尔 卡耐基与很多困难在做斗争。根据下文叙述可知他为了求得教育，他克服了很多困难。 答案： B 38. A. training B. board C. teaching D. equipment 解析：考查名词辨析及语境理解。 A培训； B寄宿膳食； C 教育； D 设备；他的父亲没有钱付他的大学寄宿膳食的钱，他不得不骑马 12 英里去上学。 答案： B 39. A. between B. during

23、C. over D. through 解析：考查介词辨析。 A在 之间； B在 期间； C超过；越过； D 通过。他的很多学习都是在农场到学校途中进行的，因为他在上学的路上要花很多时间。 答案： A 40. A. while B. when C. because D. though 解析：考查连词辨析及上下文串联。 A当 时；然而，尽管； B当 时； C因为； D 尽管；因为他没有时间也没有衣服，所以他没有参加各种学校的活动。上下文之间存在着因果关系，所以使用 because。 答案： C 41. A. permits B. interest C. talent D. clothes 解析：考

24、查名词辨析及上下文串联。 A允许，许可证； B兴趣； C才干； D 服装。因为他没有时间也没有衣服，所以他没有参加各种学校的活动。 A、 B、 C 三项与句意不相符。 答案： D 42. A. on B. for C. in D. with 解析：考查固定搭配。 try on 试穿； try for 申请。他申请参加足球队，但是教练拒绝了他，说他体重太轻了。 答案： B 43. A. light B. flexible C. optimistic D. outgoing 解析：考查形容词辨析。 A轻的；淡的； B灵活的； C 乐观的； D 外向的。 B、 C、 D 三项和教练拒绝队员没有联系，

25、如果队员过于瘦弱，不适合足球这项剧烈运动，教练的拒绝是有理由的。 答案： A 44. A. gaining B. achieving C. developing D. obtaining 解析：考查动词词义辨析。 A赢得； B实现； C 形成，发展； D 获得。在这段时间里，卡耐基慢慢地形成了一种自卑感。通常都使用 develop 表示养成，形成一种性格。故 C 正确。 答案： C 45. A. prevent B. protect C. save D. free 解析：考查动词词义辨析及语境理解。 A阻止； B保护； C 挽救； D 使 免受。他妈妈知道这种自卑感会阻止他发展自身的潜力。本句

26、中的 prevent sb. from doing sth.“阻止某人做某事 ”，这个结构符合上下文含义。 答案： A 46. A. suggested B. demanded C. required D. insisted 解析：考查动词词义辨析及语法。 A建议； B要求； C 请求； D 坚持要求，坚持认为。他的妈妈建议他参加辩论队，认为辩论队里的演讲的练习会给与他所需要的认可和信心。根据句意可知 A项正确，而且在 join前面省略了 should，这是一个虚拟语气。 答案： A 47. A. presence B. practice C. patience D. potential 解析

27、：考查名词词义辨析及上下文串联。 A出席； B练习； C 耐心； D 潜力。他的妈妈建议他参加辩论队，认为辩论队里的演讲的练习会给与他所需要的认可和信心。故 B正确。 答案： B 48. A. hopefully B. certainly C. finally D. naturally 解析：考查副词词义辨析及上下文串联。 A有希望地； B当然； C最后； D 自然地。卡耐基采纳了妈妈的建议，多次努力以后，最后终于成功了。根据 after several attempts 可知 C项正确。 答案： C 49. A. key B. breaking C. basic D. turning 解析：

28、考查词义辨析。 A关键的； B破坏的； C 基本的； D 转折的； turning point 转折点。这件事情证明是他人生的转折点。从此他走了上成功之路。 答案： D 50. A. progress B. experience C. competence D. confidence 解析：考查名词词义辨析及上下文串联。 A进步； B经历，经 验； C 能力，技能； D 自信。在很多人面前发表演讲帮助他得到了他所需要的信心。之前他曾经一度很自卑，现在演讲让他重新获得自信。 答案： D 51. A. horse-riding B. football C. speech D. farming 解析

29、：考查上下文串联。 A骑马； B足球； C演讲； D 农艺。到他大四的时候，他赢得了演讲方面所有的最高荣誉。有很多学生都来向他寻求指导，接着在他的指导之下，他们也相继赢得了比赛。 答案： C 52. A. in return B. in brief C. in turn D. in fact 解析：考查介词短语辨析及上下文串联。 A作为回报； B简洁地； C 依次，轮流； D 实际上。有很多学生都来向他寻求指导，接着在他的指导之下，他们也相继赢得了比赛。 in turn 表示那些学生也相继成功了。 答案： C 53. A. convey B. overcome C. understand D.

30、 build 解析：考查动词词义辨析及上下文串联。 A传达； B克服； C理解； D 建设。在之前克服自卑的斗争中，卡耐基逐渐理解向听众表达观点能够增强一个人的信心。 答案： B 54. A. express B. stress C. contribute D. repeat 解析：考查动词词义辨析及语境理解。 A表达； B使承受； C贡献，导致； D 重复。卡耐基逐渐理解向听众表达观点能够增强一个人的信心。故 A正确。 答案： A 55. A. besides B. beyond C. like D. with 解析：考查介词辨析。 with it 中的 it 是指耐心，有了耐心，他可以做他

31、想做的一切。 答案： D 第三部分 阅读理解 (共 15 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 30 分 ) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（ A、 B、 C 和 D）中，选出最佳选项。 A Never before had a kitchen so much of a History It tells of Freedom, Success, and of the Architecture of big American cities. Because that is where it started: in the second half of the 19th century! Welcome

32、 to a new Era of Kitchen Interior Design Back then, a Generation of successful American Entrepreneurs dreamt of a new style of Architecture to express their personal wealth. This dream was realized by young architects such as Daniel Burnham and Stanford White. They all had studied at the Ecole des B

33、eaux-Arts in Paris. And they created a new style for Architecture and Interior Design, named after the famous French Art Institute: Beaux Arts. SieMatic BeauxArts Breaks and Creates In fact it was not a new style at all, but a composition of styles from different periods and cultures. Many world-fam

34、ous structures such as the Chicago Art Institute and the Statue of Liberty account for it. But what does that have to do with your kitchen? Just as much as you want it to. Because in the same way that the anti-conventional architects back then took the freedom to combine elements from different hist

35、orical eras, today, you too can break the conventional rules of style and create something new: your own personal composition of your kitchen. For that, SieMatic BeauxArts offers unique opportunities: A broad range of seemingly conflicting features that you combine to a harmonious design of your own

36、. You can choose from menu of various forms, appealing colors, and precious materials, to create an environment that is much more than just a kitchen: a reflection of your personality. 56. Why did the BeauxArts style attract American entrepreneurs? A. It helped display their money status. B. It was

37、created by famous architects. C. It was named after a famous institute. D. It represented the 19th century urban culture. 解析：推理题。根据 Back then, a Generation of successful American Entrepreneurs dreamt of a new style of Architecture to express their personal wealth 可知这种风格能够表现他们的私人财富，也就 是说能够显示他们有钱。故 A正

38、确。 答案： A 57. What is unique of SieMatic BeauxArts? A. Its designs are anti-conventional. B. Its designs come from famous structures. C. Its customers can enjoy their own composition. D. Its customers can choose from various new styles. 解析：推理题。根据 you too can break the conventional rules of style and

39、create something new: your own personal composition of your kitchen. For that, SieMatic BeauxArts offers unique opportunities: A broad range of seemingly conflicting features that you combine to a harmonious design of your own.可知 SieMatic BeauxArts 让顾客有机会显示自己的构思。故 C 正确。 答案： C B However wealthy we ma

40、y be, we can never find enough hours in the day to do everything we want. Economics deals with this problem through the concept of opportunity cost, which simply refers to whether someones time or money could be better spent on something else. Every hour of our time has a value. For every hour we wo

41、rk at one job we could quite easily be doing another, or be sleeping or watching a film. Each of these options has a different opportunity costnamely, what they cost us in missed opportunities. Say you intend to watch a football match but the tickets are expensive and it will take you a couple of ho

42、urs to get to and from the stadium. Why not, you might reason, watch the game from home and use the leftover money and time to have dinner with friends? Thisthe alternative use of your cash and timeis the opportunity cost. For economists, every decision is made by knowledge of what one must forgoin

43、terms of money and enjoymentin order to take it up. By knowing precisely what you are receiving and what you are missing out on, you ought to be able to make better-informed, more reasonable decisions. Consider that most famous economic rule of all: theres no such thing as a free lunch. Even if some

44、one offers to take you out to lunch for free, the time you will spend in the restaurant still costs you something in terms of forgone opportunities. Some people find the idea of opportunity cost extremely discouraging: imagine spending your entire life calculating whether your time would be better s

45、pent elsewhere doing something more profitable or enjoyable. Yet, in a sense its human nature to do precisely thatwe assess the advantages and disadvantages of decisions all the time. In the business world, a popular phrase is “value for money.” People want their cash to go as far as possible. Howev

46、er, another is fast obtaining an advantage: “value for time.” The biggest restriction on our resources is the number of hours we can devote to something, so we look to maximize the return we get on our investment of time. By reading this passage you are giving over a bit of your time which could be

47、spent doing other activities, such as sleeping and eating. In return, however, this passage will help you to think like an economist, closely considering the opportunity cost of each of your decisions. 58. According to the passage, the concept of “opportunity cost” is applied to _. A. making more money B. taking more opportunities C. reducing missed opportunities D. weighing the choice of opportunities 解析：推理题。根据文章第一段 2， 3行 Economics deals with t