【考研类试卷】南开大学翻译硕士英语真题2011年及答案解析.doc

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1、南开大学翻译硕士英语真题 2011 年及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Vocabulary(总题数：30，分数：30.00)1.Professor Wu traveled and lectured throughout the country, to _ education and professional skills so that women could enter the public world.（分数：1.00）A.prosecuteB.acquireC.proclaimD.advocate2.Even if they are on sale,

2、the refrigerators are equal in price to, if not more expensive than _ at the other store.（分数：1.00）A.anyoneB.the othersC.the onesD.that3.Jean Wagners most enduring contribution to the study of Afro American poetry is his insistence that it _ in a religious, as well as worldly, frame of reference.（分数：

3、1.00）A.is to be analyzedB.has been analyzedC.be analyzedD.should have been analyzed4.Because we had eaten turkey on Thanksgiving for so many years, we never wondered whether some other dish might be an equally tasty _.（分数：1.00）A.alternativeB.altercationC.alterationD.allusion5.The basic theory of gov

4、ernment rests on the assumption that men have naturally _ interests.（分数：1.00）A.competitiveB.conflictingC.contentionsD.combative6.Most substances contract when they freeze so that the density of substances solid is _ of its liquid.（分数：1.00）A.than the higher densityB.higher than the densityC.the densi

5、ty is higher than thatD.the higher the density7.The bank is reported in the local newspaper _ in broad daylight yesterday.（分数：1.00）A.to be robbedB.robbedC.to have been robbedD.having been robbed8.The terrified hunter, _ in the arms of a huge bear, fought desperately to loosen its grip.（分数：1.00）A.clu

6、tchedB.claspedC.graspedD.seized9.Too much _ to X-rays can cause skin burns, cancer or other damage to the body.（分数：1.00）A.disclosureB.exhibitionC.contactD.exposure10.Share prices on the Stock Exchange plunged sharply in the morning but _ slightly in the afternoon.（分数：1.00）A.recoveredB.restoredC.rega

7、inedD.retained11.Womens central role in managing natural resources and protecting the environment has been overlooked more often than it has been _.（分数：1.00）A.acknowledgedB.emphasizedC.memorizedD.associated12.The neighbors became suspicious when they noticed that his car was _ for two weeks.（分数：1.00

8、）A.stationaryB.stationeryC.immobileD.unmoved13.During World War II the Allies suffered a long _ of defeats before they finally achieved victory.（分数：1.00）A.suppressionB.compulsionC.successionD.compression14.The silk that spiders _ for their webs has a stretching strength superior to most flexible pro

9、ducts made by people.（分数：1.00）A.spinB.splitC.sprayD.spoil15.The English language contains a(n) _ of words which are comparatively seldom used in ordinary conversation.（分数：1.00）A.altitudeB.latitudeC.magnitudeD.scope16.Had Paul received six more votes in the last election, he _ our chairman now.（分数：1.

10、00）A.must have beenB.would have beenC.wereD.would be17.The project requires more labor than _ because it is extremely difficult.（分数：1.00）A.has been put inB.have been put inC.being put inD.to be put in18.Joseph was very lucky _ with his life; he almost did not get out of the room.（分数：1.00）A.to escape

11、B.to have escapedC.to escapingD.to be escaping19.Henry forgot to bring his admission card with him. _ he was allowed into the hall to take the examination.（分数：1.00）A.MoreoverB.CertainlyC.ConsequentlyD.Nevertheless20.The number of the people who _ cars _ increasing.（分数：1.00）A.owns, areB.owns, isC.own

12、, isD.own, are21.Workers in this country are getting higher wages while turning out poor products that do not _ the test of international competition.（分数：1.00）A.put up withB.stick withC.stand up toD.face away22.Several unpopular decisions _ the governors popularity.（分数：1.00）A.decayedB.diminishedC.di

13、stortedD.dissolved23.Skilled technicians and advanced technologies enable us to build uncompromised quality into all our cars, because our first _ is bringing you pleasure for years to come.（分数：1.00）A.prestigeB.benefitC.privilegeD.priority24.A mans _ is best when he can forget himself and any reputa

14、tion he may have required and can concentrate wholly on making the right decisions.（分数：1.00）A.anticipationB.acknowledgmentC.expectationD.judgment25.Before the mechanic started work, I asked him to give an _ of the cost of repairing the roof of the car.（分数：1.00）A.assessmentB.estimateC.announcementD.e

15、valuation26._ the English examination I would have gone to the concert last Sunday.（分数：1.00）A.In spite ofB.But forC.Because ofD.As for27.Gloves have been worn since prehistoric time for protection. for ornamentation, _ social status.（分数：1.00）A.and as an indication ofB.for they indicateC.indicatingD.

16、to indicate and28.One study found that job applicants who make more eye contact are _ as more alert, dependable, confident and responsible.（分数：1.00）A.referredB.perceivedC.recommendedD.presumed29.The physical shape and coloring of many animals are the result of gradual _ to particular circumstances.（

17、分数：1.00）A.modificationB.variationC.applicationD.adaptation30.Over the centuries, various theories have been _ to explain the origin of alphabetic writing.（分数：1.00）A.advancedB.subjectedC.releasedD.abandoned二、Part Reading Compr(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Section One: Read an(总题数：2，分数：20.00)Passage OneBill Clinto

18、n wrestles with the complexities of his economic plan, a surprising trend that could ultimately make life a lot easier for the new president may be developing. A handful of analysts believe that technology is beginning to help improve productivity in the service sector, If they are right, middle-cla

19、ss living standards which have stagnated for the past 20 years could start to improve.The service sector gets little attention in most popular discussions of Americas economic problems. Manufacturing, where US workers go head-to-head with foreign competitors, is supposed to be the crucial area; serv

20、ices, which are mostly sheltered from international competition, are regarded as secondary at best. If anything, the growth of the service sector is seen as a symptom of our manufacturing decline, as steelworkers lose their high-paying jobs and become minimum-wage hamburger flippers. But serious ana

21、lysts know that it is our performance in services not manufacturing that is the bigger economic problem.In fact, US manufacturing performed reasonably well during the 1980s, with productivity growing at 2.9% per year. That was almost as fast as manufacturing productivity grew during the “good years“

22、 in 1950s and 1960s, and it was taster than productivity growth in most other advanced countries. So why didnt we feel better? Because near stagnation in service productivity-growth at only about 1.0% annually-held our living standard down.Dominant service sector. The truth is that modern America is

23、 primarily a service economy. Currently, 70% of US workers are in the service sector, versus only 20% in manufacturing. If we could eliminate our persistent trade deficits in manufacturing, the prosperity would shift, but only slightly: A rough estimate is that completely eliminating our current tra

24、de deficit would raise the share of manufacturing in employment by only about 0.5%. In other word, like it or not, most Americans will work in the service sector for the foreseeable future. That means, in turn, that the productivity of the US work force as a whole depends mostly on the productivity

25、of service workers.But it is really possible to raise service productivity? Some service jobs, like housecleaning and hair cutting, seem resistant to technological change at least until we learn to build robot maids and barbers. In the past, however, we have seen major improvements in service produc

26、tivity. During the 1950s and 1960s, for example, a linked set of technological and social changes-widespread availability Of private ears and home refrigerators, the growth of supermarkets and an improved road system-led to huge increases in retail productivity. An earlier era saw a surge in office

27、productivity because of such revolutionary innovations as typewriters, carbon paper and vertical file cabinets. Indeed the most significant American business success story of the late 20th century may well be Wal-Mart, which has applied extensive computerization and home-grown version of Japans “jus

28、t-in-time“ inventory methods to revolutionize retailing.Analysts like Stephen Roach of Morgan Stanley now believe that additional productivity gains in the office are possible. Computers, it seems, are finally being used to eliminate paperwork: back offices are shrinking, and corporate hierarchies a

29、re getting flatter. If you squint, you can see these micro changes starting to show up in the macro numbers. We are now officially a year and a half into an economic recovery, yet unemployment remains stubbornly high. One of the reasons for this lingering joblessness is that productivity is rising f

30、aster than expected, primarily in the service sector. If America eventually returns to full employment, the total economy could be bigger and more productive.Technology investment is helping to fuel these changes. Preliminary data show that while overall investment in this recovery is weak by histor

31、ical standards, computer-related investment is soaring. It looks as if the service sector has decided that it now really knows how to make information technology work.Like any radical change, the coming revolution in service productivity will have its victims. Skilled weavers were impoverished by th

32、e power loom, and small food stores were savaged by the rise of the supermarket. This time, its the middle managers who will lose. The past recession took an unprecedented toll of skilled, white-collar workers, and many of these jobs may never come back. But most of America could benefit from rising

33、 service productivity in the 1990s and that would be welcome news for Bill Clinton.（分数：10.00）(1).The passage suggests that the new trend of the rising service productivity may _.（分数：2.00）A.turn out a great help to President Clinton with his policy makingB.turn out a serious trouble to President Clin

34、ton with his policy makingC.have nothing to do with Clintons decision makingD.initiate Clinton to make some reform policies in economy(2).The development of technology in the service sector is largely beneficial to _.（分数：2.00）A.top wealthy peopleB.average peopleC.middle managersD.skilled workers(3).

35、Which of the following statements illustrates that modern America is primarily a service economy?（分数：2.00）A.Service technology is developing fast.B.The demand of modern people for various services promotes the development of a service economy.C.The significance of manufacturing to the national econo

36、my has declined.D.High employment mainly depends on the development of the service industry.(4).The author appreciates the development of manufacturing in the 1980s for the following reasons EXCEPT that _.（分数：2.00）A.US manufacturing productivity developed at a comparatively high speed in historyB.th

37、e US manufacturing industry is rather competent in the worldC.the growth speed of the US manufacturing industry is among the highest in the worldD.the growth speed of the service sector is not as fast as the manufacturing industry(5).At present investors like to venture their money in all of the fol

38、lowing EXCEPT _.（分数：2.00）A.information technologyB.manufacturing industriesC.the service industryD.computer related productsPassage TwoThe evolution of intelligence among early large mammals of the grasslands was due in great measure to the interaction between two ecologically synchronized groups of

39、 these animals, the hunting carnivores and the herbivores that they hunted. The interaction resulting from the differences between predator and prey led to a general improvement in brain functions; however, certain components of intelligence were improved far more than others.The kind of intelligenc

40、e favored by the interplay of increasingly smarter catchers and increasingly keener escapers is defined by attentionthat aspect of mind carrying consciousness forward from one moment to the next. It ranges from a passive, free floating awareness to a highly focused, active fixation. The range throug

41、h these states is mediated by the arousal system, a network of tracts converging from sensory systems to integrating centers in the brain stem. From the more relaxed to the more vigorous levels sensitivity to novelty is increased. The organism is more awake, more vigilant; this increased vigilance r

42、esults in the apprehension of ever more subtle signals as the organism becomes more sensitive to its surroundings. The processes of arousal and concentration give attention to its direction. Arousal is at first general, with a flooding of impulses in the brain stem; then gradually the activation is

43、channeled. Thus begins concentration, the holding of consistent images. One meaning of intelligence is the way in which these images and other alertly searched information are used in the context of previous experience. Consciousness links past attention to the present and permits the integration of

44、 details with perceived ends and purposes.The elements of intelligence and consciousness come together marvelously to produce different styles in predator and prey. Herbivores and carnivores develop different kinds of attention related to escaping or chasing. Although in both kinds of animal, arousa

45、l stimulates the production of adrenaline and norepinephrine by the adrenal glands, the effect in herbivores is primarily fear, whereas in carnivores the effect is primarily aggression. For both, arousal attunes the animal to what is ahead. Perhaps it does not experience forethought as we know it, b

46、ut the animal does experience something like it.The predator is searchingly aggressive, inner-directed, tuned by the nervous system and the adrenal hormones, but aware in a sense closer to human consciousness than, say, a hungry lizards instinctive snap at a passing beetle. Using past events as a fr

47、amework the large mammal predator is working out a relationship between movement and food, sensitive to possibilities in cold trails and distant sounds-and yesterdays unforgotten lessons. The herbivore prey is of a different mind. Its mood of wariness rather than searching and its attitude of genera

48、l expectancy instead of anticipating are silk-thin veils of tranquility over an explosive endocrine system.（分数：10.00）(1).The author is primarily concerned with _.（分数：2.00）A.disproving the view that herbivores are less intelligent than carnivoresB.establishing a direct link between early large mammal

49、s and their modern counterpartsC.describing a relationship between animals intelligence and their ecological rolesD.analyzing the ecological basis for the dominance of some carnivores over other carnivores(2).The author refers to a hungry lizard (para 4) primarily in order to _.（分数：2.00）A.demonstrate the similarity between the hunting methods of mammals and those of non-mammalsB.broaden the app